Unit 3 Reading & Writing 导学案 2025-2026学年沪教版英语八年级下册

八年级英语第二学期（沪教版）（2024） U3 A helping hand Reading&Writing · 精讲精练 一、单词 1. emergency（n.突发事件 ; 紧急情况） - 例句：The school has a plan to deal with different emergencies.（学校有应对各种突发事件的方案。） · 词转链接： emergent adj. 新兴的；紧急的 2. kindness（n.仁慈 ; 善良） - 例句：Her kindness to strangers made her popular in the neighborhood.（她对陌生人的善良让她在社区里很受欢迎。） · 词转链接： kind adj. 友好的；体贴的 n.种类 kindly adv. 友好地；善良地 3. usual（adj.通常的 ; 寻常的） - 例句：He arrived at school at his usual time this morning.（今天早上他像往常一样按时到了学校。） · 词转链接： usually adv. 通常 unusual adj. 不寻常的 4. neighbour（n.邻居;邻人） - 例句：Our neighbour often helps us take care of our cat when we are away.（我们不在家时，邻居经常帮我们照顾猫。） · 词转链接： neighbourhood n. 街区；临近的地方；邻里 5. sudden（adj.突然的:忽然的 n.突然发生的情况） - 例句：He had a sudden idea to help the homeless man.（他突然有了一个帮助那个无家可归者的想法。） · 词转链接： suddenness n. 突然性 suddenly adv. 突然地 6. attack（n.发作;v.袭击） - 例句：The doctor told him to rest more to prevent another attack.（医生告诉他要多休息，防止再次发作。） 7. pale（adj.灰白的:苍白的） - 例句：He looked pale because he didn’t sleep well last night.（他看起来脸色苍白，因为昨晚没睡好。） 8. sweat（n.汗） - 例句：He wiped the sweat from his forehead after running.（跑步后，他擦了擦额头上的汗。） · 词转链接： sweater n. 毛衣 9. shock（v.使震惊;使惊愕） - 例句：I was shocked to hear that he won the competition.（听到他赢得比赛的消息，我很惊愕。） 10. calm（v.使平静;使镇静;adj.平静的;冷静的） - 例句：She tried to calm herself down before the exam.（考试前她努力让自己平静下来。） · 词转链接： calmness n. 平静 calmly adv. 平静地 11. nobody（pron.没有人） - 例句：Nobody knew the answer to the difficult question.（没有人知道这道难题的答案。） 12. operator（n.电话员;接线员;操作员） - 例句：She wants to be a telephone operator when she grows up.（她长大后想成为一名电话接线员。） · 词转链接： operate v. 操作；运作；给……做手术 operation n. 操作；运作；手术 13. clearly（adv.清楚地;清晰地） - 例句：Please speak clearly so that everyone can hear you.（请清楚地说话，让每个人都能听到。） 14. ambulance（n.救护车） - 例句：We should make way for ambulances on the road.（我们在路上应该为救护车让行。） 15. pill（n.药丸;药片） - 例句：The doctor told her to take one pill three times a day.（医生告诉她每天吃三次，一次一片药。） 二、短语 1. look through（浏览 ; 查看） - 例句：I need to look through the news before going to school.（上学前我需要浏览一下新闻。） 2. on one's way（在某人的路上） - 例句：I met my old friend on my way to school this morning.（今天早上我在上学的路上遇到了老朋友。） 3. sign language（手语） - 例句：The volunteer used sign language to help the deaf tourist understand the museum introduction.（志愿者用手语帮助听障游客理解博物馆介绍。） 4. impress me most（给我留下最深印象） - 例句：Her kindness in returning the lost wallet impressed me most during our trip.（旅行中，她归还丢失钱包的善良举动给我留下了最深印象。） 5. cheer up（使某人振作） - 例句：The teacher told him a funny story to cheer him up after he failed the exam.（他考试失利后，老师给他讲了个有趣的故事让他振作。） 6. cry out（大喊） - 例句：The child cried out when he saw the dog running towards him.（孩子看到狗朝自己跑来时大喊起来。） 7. a rainbow in someone's cloud（成为别人云中的彩虹） - 例句：She always tries to be a rainbow in others' clouds by offering small kindnesses.（她总通过做些小事，努力成为别人云中的彩虹。） 8. in a weak voice（用微弱的声音） - 例句：The sick man spoke in a weak voice and asked for a glass of water.（病人用微弱的声音说话，想要一杯水。） 9. pick up cigarette ends（捡起烟头） - 例句：The students volunteered to pick up cigarette ends in the park to keep it clean.（学生们自愿在公园里捡起烟头，保持环境整洁。） 10. turn to sb. for help（向某人求助） - 例句：He turned to the librarian for help when he couldn't find the book.（找不到那本书时，他向图书管理员求助。） 11. first aid（急救） - 例句：The teacher taught us how to do first aid for small cuts in class.（老师在课堂上教我们如何对小伤口进行急救。） 12. at once（立刻） - 例句：She called the police at once when she saw the thief.（看到小偷时，她立刻报了警。） 13. prevent sb. from doing sth.（阻止某人做某事） - 例句：His parents prevented him from playing computer games too much.（他的父母阻止他过多地玩电脑游戏。） 14. think to oneself（自己想着） - 例句：He thought to himself, "I must help the old man cross the road."（他自己想着：“我一定要帮这位老人过马路。”） 15. accept one's sincere thanks（接受某人的真诚感谢） - 例句：She was happy to accept the student's sincere thanks after helping him with his homework.（帮学生做完作业后，她很乐意接受他的真诚感谢。） 16. as soon as possible（尽快） - 例句：The doctor told him to come back for a check-up as soon as possible.（医生让他尽快回来复查。） 17. catch a bad cold（得了重感冒） - 例句：She stayed at home because she caught a bad cold and couldn't go to school.（她因为得了重感冒，待在家里不能上学。） 18. in one's late 60s（在某人快70岁时） - 例句：Her grandmother still volunteers in the community in her late 60s.（她的奶奶在快70岁时仍在社区做志愿者。） 19. in time（及时） - 例句：The ambulance came in time to save the sick man's life.（救护车及时赶到，救了病人的命。） 20. run into the house（跑进屋里） - 例句：The child ran into the house to tell his parents the good news.（孩子跑进屋里，把好消息告诉父母。） 21. encourage sb. to do sth.（鼓励某人做某事） - 例句：His parents encouraged him to help the elderly in the neighborhood.（他的父母鼓励他帮助社区里的老人。） 22. leave for hospital（前往医院） - 例句：She left for hospital with her mother to visit her sick grandfather.（她和妈妈一起前往医院看望生病的爷爷。） 23. turn pale（脸色 (变得) 苍白） - 例句：He turned pale because he was very nervous about the exam.（因为考试很紧张，他的脸色变得苍白。） 24. take a few deep breaths（做几次深呼吸） - 例句：The teacher told her to take a few deep breaths to calm down before speaking.（老师让她在说话前做几次深呼吸，让自己平静下来。） 25. hand out food（分发食物） - 例句：The volunteers hand out food to homeless people every weekend.（志愿者们每周给无家可归的人分发食物。） 26. key information（关键信息） - 例句：He missed the key information about the volunteer activity.（他漏了志愿者活动的关键信息。） 27. as usual（像往常一样） - 例句：The library was quiet as usual when I arrived.（我到的时候，图书馆像往常一样安静。） 28. have a heart attack（心脏病发作） - 例句：The old man had a heart attack while walking, but a volunteer helped him.（老人走路时心脏病发作，但一位志愿者帮了他。） 29. break out in a cold sweat（冒冷汗） - 例句：He broke out in a cold sweat when he realized he forgot to bring the first aid kit.（意识到忘记带急救包时，他冒了一身冷汗。） 30. calm down（冷静下来） - 例句：He took a few deep breaths to calm down after the emergency.（紧急情况过后，他做了几次深呼吸让自己冷静下来。） 31. in an emergency（在紧急情况下） - 例句：You should stay calm in an emergency.（在紧急情况下，你应该保持冷静。） · 课堂训练 一、单项选择题 1. We should keep calm ______ an emergency instead of panicking. A. in B. on C. at D. for 2. Her ______ to the homeless cat made it find a warm home. A. kind B. kindness C. kindly D. kinds 3. He didn't come to school at his ______ time today — maybe he is ill. A. usual B. usually C. unusual D. usualness 4. Our new ______ invited us to dinner at his house last weekend. A. neighbour B. neighbourhood C. neighbored D. neighboring 5. A ______ storm hit the city last night, causing many trees to fall down. A. suddenly B. suddenness C. sudden 6. The old man ______ a heart attack while walking in the park. A. had B. made C. did D. took 7. She looked ______ after hearing the bad news about her friend. A. pale B. palely C. pales D. paling 8. After running for 10 minutes, he wiped the ______ from his face with a towel. A. sweat B. sweater C. sweating D. sweated 9. I was ______ to know that my classmate won the national English contest. A. shock B. shocked C. shocking D. shocks 10. The teacher told the students to ______ down before answering the difficult question. A. calm B. calmness C. calmly D. calming 11. ______ knew where the missing key was until the cleaner found it. A. Somebody B. Anybody C. Nobody D. Everybody 12. You can call the operator if you need to ______ the phone number. A. operate B. operation C. operator D. operating 13. Please speak ______ so that the audience at the back can hear you clearly. A. clear B. clearly C. clarity D. clearer 14. The ______ arrived in 5 minutes after the accident happened. A. ambulance B. ambulanceman C. ambulant D. ambulate 15. The doctor advised her to take one ______ after meals three times a day. A. pill B. pills C. piller D. pillbox 二、单词拼写 1. The government has set up a special team to deal with ______ (突发事件). 2. We should always remember the ______ (善良) that others have shown to us. 3. It's ______ (不寻常的) for him to be late for work — he's always on time. 4. The ______ (街区) where we live is very quiet and safe. 5. ______ (突然地), the lights went out and the room became completely dark. 6. The soldier was ______ (袭击) by a group of enemies during the mission. 7. She ______ (冒冷汗) when she realized she had lost her passport. 8. The ______ (接线员) connected me to the customer service department quickly. 9. You need to read the ______ (关键信息) carefully before signing the contract. 10. In her ______ (快70岁时), she still enjoys traveling around the world. 11. The volunteer used ______ (手语) to communicate with the deaf child. 12. He ______ (自己想着) that he should learn first aid to help others in need. 13. The doctor told him to ______ (尽快) come back for a follow-up examination. 14. She ______ (得了重感冒) because she forgot to wear a coat yesterday. 15. We should ______ (鼓励) children to help the elderly in daily life. 三、句型转换 1. He usually walks to school.（改为否定句） He ______ ______ walks to school. 2. The kind girl impressed me most with her helpful actions.（改为被动语态） I ______ ______ most by the kind girl's helpful actions. 3. She ran into the house to call the police.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ she run into the house ______? 4. His parents prevented him from playing computer games too much.（改为同义句） His parents ______ him ______ playing computer games too much. 5. The old man had a heart attack. We called an ambulance at once.（合并为一句） When the old man had a heart attack, we called an ambulance ______ ______. 四、完形填空 One afternoon, Li Ming was on his way to the library. As usual, he walked through the park. Suddenly, he heard someone 1. ______ for help. He ran towards the sound and saw an elderly man lying on the ground. The man looked 2. ______ and was sweating heavily. Li Ming realized the man might have 3. ______ a heart attack. He didn't panic — instead, he tried to 4. ______ himself down first. First, Li Ming took out his phone and called the ambulance 5. ______. Then he remembered the 6. ______ he learned at school: he asked the man to take a few deep breaths and stay calm. A few minutes later, some neighbours passed by. Li Ming asked them to 7. ______ him a hand. One of the neighbours used sign language to communicate with the man (who was hard of hearing) and tried to 8. ______ him up. The ambulance arrived 9. ______ and took the man to hospital. The doctor said that if Li Ming hadn't acted so quickly, the man might not have been saved. Later, the man's family came to thank Li Ming. They said Li Ming was a rainbow in their cloud. Li Ming felt happy because he could use his knowledge to help others in 10. ______. 1. A. crying out B. cheering up C. handing out D. thinking to oneself 2. A. happy B. pale C. excited D. angry 3. A. had B. made C. done D. taken 4. A. calm B. calmness C. calmly D. calming 5. A. at once B. as soon as possible C. in time D. on his way 6. A. first aid B. key information C. sign language D. kindess 7. A. give B. lend C. offer D. help 8. A. cheer B. calm C. pick D. turn 9. A. late B. in time C. slowly D. suddenly 10. A. usual B. unusual C. emergency D. neighbourhood 五、阅读理解 Last Saturday, Lucy went to the supermarket to buy some food for her family. On her way, she saw an old woman in her late 60s standing by the road. The woman looked a little lost and was speaking in a weak voice. Lucy walked over and asked, "Can I help you?" The old woman said she wanted to visit her daughter but couldn't find the address. She had a piece of paper with the address on it, but the words were not clear. Lucy helped her look through the paper carefully and found the key information — the daughter's community name. Lucy knew the neighbourhood well, so she offered to take the woman there. On the way, the old woman told Lucy that she had caught a bad cold and felt very tired. Lucy gave her a bottle of water and encouraged her to keep walking. When they arrived at the community, the old woman's daughter was waiting at the gate. She was very worried and thanked Lucy sincerely. Lucy said, "It's my pleasure. We should all help each other, especially the elderly. Being a rainbow in someone's cloud makes me happy." What impressed the daughter most was Lucy's kindness and patience. She invited Lucy to stay for dinner, but Lucy politely refused and said she had to go home. From this experience, Lucy learned that even small acts of kindness can make a big difference to others. She decided to continue helping people in need whenever she had the chance. 1. Why did the old woman stand by the road? A. She was waiting for her daughter. B. She couldn't find her daughter's address. C. She had a heart attack. D. She wanted to ask for some money. 2. What did Lucy do to help the old woman? A. She called the old woman's daughter. B. She took the old woman to her daughter's community. C. She gave the old woman some medicine. D. She helped the old woman find a taxi. 3. How did the old woman feel when Lucy met her? A. Tired and lost. B. Happy and excited. C. Angry and sad. D. Nervous and scared. 4. What impressed the old woman's daughter most about Lucy? A. Her beauty. B. Her wealth. C. Her kindness and patience. D. Her intelligence. 5. What can we learn from Lucy's experience? A. It's dangerous to help strangers. B. Small acts of kindness can make a big difference. C. We should only help people we know. D. Helping others is a waste of time. 参考答案 一、单项选择题 1~5 ABAAC 6~10 AAABA 11~15 CABAA 二、单词拼写 1. emergencies 2. kindness 3. unusual 4. neighbourhood 5. Suddenly 6. attacked 7. broke out in a cold sweat 8. operator 9. key information 10. late 60s 11. sign language 12. thought to himself 13. as soon as possible 14. caught a bad cold 15. encourage 三、句型转换 1. does not 2. was impressed 3. What did; for 4. stopped; from 5. at once 四、完形填空 1~5 ABAAA 6~10 AAABC 五、阅读理解 1~5 BBACB · 课后练习 一、单项选择题 1. We should learn some basic first aid skills to deal with ______ in daily life. A. emergencies B. emergent C. emergency D. emergently 2. The little boy's ______ touched everyone — he shared his toys with the homeless child. A. kind B. kindly C. kindness D. kinds 3. It's ______ for the temperature to drop so much in May in Shanghai. A. usual B. unusually C. unusual D. usually 4. Our ______ often organizes community activities to help neighbors get along better. A. neighbourhood B. neighbour C. neighboring D. neighborly 5. ______ , a car rushed out of the corner and almost hit the cyclist. A. Sudden B. Suddenly C. Suddenness D. Suddently 6. The doctor warned him that overworking might cause a heart ______. A. attack B. attacker C. attacking D. attacked 7. After waiting for hours in the rain, her face turned ______ with cold. A. pale B. palely C. pales D. paling 8. He wore a thick ______ because the weather was very cold. A. sweat B. sweating C. sweated D. sweater 9. The news that the team won the championship ______ all the fans. A. shock B. shocked C. shocking D. shocks 10. You need to ______ down before making an important decision. A. calm B. calmly C. calmness D. calming 11. ______ was late for the meeting except Tom — he got stuck in traffic. A. Everybody B. Anybody C. Somebody D. Nobody 12. The machine ______ showed us how to operate the new equipment. A. operate B. operation C. operator D. operating 13. Please read the instructions ______ so that you won't make mistakes. A. clear B. clearly C. clarity D. clearer 14. The injured worker was sent to hospital by ______ as soon as possible. A. ambulance B. ambulant C. ambulate D. ambulanceman 15. Take this ______ twice a day, and you'll feel better in three days. A. pill B. pills C. pillbox D. piller 二、单词拼写 1. The teacher told us to stay calm and not to panic in an ____________ (紧急情况). 2. We should always repay the ____________ (善良) of those who helped us. 3. As ____________ (往常一样), she got up early and prepared breakfast for her family. 4. The ____________ (电话接线员) helped me connect to the international call. 5. He ____________ (冒冷汗) when he heard the terrible news about the accident. 6. The ____________ (关键信息) in the email is about the time and place of the meeting. 7. My grandmother still works in the garden in her ____________ (快70岁时). 8. The volunteer used ____________ (手语) to help the deaf man order food. 9. She ____________ (自己想着) that she should practice English more to improve her skills. 10. The doctor advised him to come back for a check-up ____________ (尽快). 11. He ____________ (得了重感冒) because he played football in the rain. 12. We should ____________ (鼓励) young people to volunteer in their free time. 13. The old man ____________ (脸色变得苍白) when he heard he had to have an operation. 14. Before the speech, she ____________ (做了几次深呼吸) to calm herself down. 15. The volunteers ____________ (分发食物) to the homeless people in the park every Sunday. 三、短语翻译 1. 浏览新闻 ______________________________ 2. 在上学的路上 ______________________________ 3. 使他振作起来 ______________________________ 4. 用微弱的声音大喊 ______________________________ 5. 向警察求助 ______________________________ 6. 立刻拨打急救电话 ______________________________ 7. 阻止孩子们玩火 ______________________________ 8. 及时赶到医院 ______________________________ 9. 成为别人云中的彩虹 ______________________________ 10. 接受朋友的真诚感谢 ______________________________ 四、句型转换 1. She usually goes to the library on weekends.（改为一般疑问句） ______ she usually ______ to the library on weekends? 2. His kindness impressed all the people around him.（改为被动语态） All the people around him ______ ______ by his kindness. 3. They called an ambulance because the old man had a heart attack.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ they call an ambulance? 4. The teacher prevented the students from running in the hallway.（改为同义句） The teacher ______ the students ______ running in the hallway. 5. She took a few deep breaths. She wanted to calm down.（合并为一句） She took a few deep breaths ______ ______ calm down. 五、写作题 题目：A Kind Act That Impressed Me Most 要求： 1. 请以“A Kind Act That Impressed Me Most”为题，写一篇英语短文。 2. 内容需包含以下要点： - 描述一件让你印象最深刻的善良举动（如帮助他人、见义勇为等）； - 说明事情的经过（时间、地点、人物、事件）； - 表达你的感受和从中得到的启发。 3. 字数：不少于80词。 4. 语言流畅，语法正确，字迹清晰（写作时注意卷面整洁）。 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 一、单项选择题 1~5 ACCAB 6~10 AADBA 11~15 DCBAA 二、单词拼写 1. emergency 2. kindness 3. usual 4. operator 5. broke out in a cold sweat 6. key information 7. late 60s 8. sign language 9. thought to herself 10. as soon as possible 11. caught a bad cold 12. encourage 13. turned pale 14. took a few deep breaths 15. hand out food 三、短语翻译 1. look through the news 2. on one's way to school 3. cheer him up 4. cry out in a weak voice 5. turn to the police for help 6. call for first aid at once 7. prevent children from playing with fire 8. arrive at the hospital in time 9. be a rainbow in someone's cloud 10. accept one's friend's sincere thanks 四、句型转换 1. Does; go 2. were impressed 3. Why did 4. stopped; from（或kept; from） 5. in order to（或to） 五、写作题 A Kind Act That Impressed Me Most Last month, on my way to school, I saw an elderly man fall down on the street. He looked pale and couldn't stand up. Many people passed by, but no one stopped to help. Suddenly, a middle-aged woman ran over. She knelt down, checked the man gently, and called an ambulance at once. She also took out her coat to cover him and tried to cheer him up with kind words. When the ambulance arrived, she helped the doctors carry the man onto it. This kind act impressed me deeply. It taught me that we should always be ready to help others, especially those in need. A small act of kindness can make a big difference to someone's life. I decided to learn from her and be a warm-hearted person. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $