Unit 5 Period 1 Starting out &Understanding ideas（分层作业）英语外研版必修第三册

Unit 5 Period 1 Reading and Thinking分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、将下列短语翻译为英文。 1．高度赞扬……；盛赞……________________ 2．严寒；酷寒___________________ 3．丧生；失去生命______________________ 4．纯粹的喜悦；由衷的快乐____________ 5．成功做某事；在某事上取得成功______________ 6．弄清楚；搞明白_____________ 7．或者……或者；要么……要么________________ 8．很可能做某____________________ 9．在……的指导下；由……指导________________ 10．适应黑暗______________________ 【答案】 1．sing high praises for 2．the extreme cold 3．lose one’s life 4．sheer joy 5．succeed in doing sth 6．figure out 7．either…or 8．be likely to do sth 9．under the guidance of 10．adjust to the darkness 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1．Jack succeeded in high jump at the first a (尝试). 2．I called the airline to (确认) my flight reservation a week before I left for Canada. 3．It is not the f (失败) itself that matters, but how we respond to it that determines our future. 4．Don’t lose heart. I believe f is the mother of success. 5．The dark (区域) of the oceans may contain up to 90 per cent of the planet’s fish. 【答案】 1. attempt 2．confirm 3．failure/ailure 4．failure/ailure 5．zones 三、单句语法填空。 1．I called the hotel in advance (confirm) my reservation and the pick-up service for my upcoming trip. 2．In sports, a (fail) is not the end, but a chance to learn and improve. 3．She spent 15 years as a child .(psychology) 4．They (attempt) to solve the problem, but failed. 5．Before the concert even started, fans (crowd) around the stadium entrance. 6．At that time, Wanzai was a tiny town (border) Macao known for its flower trade. 7．I am (thrill) and delighted that the psychologist can be here tonight. 8．The importance of environmental protection (bring) into focus after his passionate speech. 【答案】 1. to confirm 2．failure 3．psychologist 4．attempted 5．had crowded 6．bordering 7．thrilled 8．was brought 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1．她试图保持家庭和工作的平衡，但发现很难。（attempt v., balance n.） She family and work and finds . 2．当我们与他人竞争时，每一个挑战，包括失败，都是发现自身不足的机会。 When we with others, every challenge, including , is a chance to find out where we need to improve. 3．经理没有把失败归咎于运气不好，而是敦促团队分析问题并从错误中吸取教训。(blame) Instead of , the manager urged his team to analyze the problems and learn from their mistakes. 4．我知道你在努力学习中文, 并寻找提高中文口语水平的办法。 I know that and seeking ways to improve your spoken Chinese. 5．看着女儿在舞台上的首次独演，激动的泪水从母亲脸上滑落。 When Mom watched her daughter’s first solo performance on stage, . 6．要取得成功，你不仅需要树立高远的目标、对所做的事充满热情，还需要付出努力，并准备好从失败中学习。 To achieve success, not only need you to , but you also n 【答案】 1. attempts to keep a balance between it very difficult 2. compete failure 3．blaming the failure on bad luck 4．you are attempting to learn Chinese 5．tears of thrill streamed down her face 6．set ambitious goals and be passionate about what you do work hard and be prepared to learn from failures 五、语法填空 Last year, hundreds of people spent a lot of money on climbing Qomolangma even though they knew they would be challenged with different 1 risk）. For some people, climbing makes them feel powerful. George Mallory believed that we eat and make money 2 （enjoy）life. Sadly, this climber lost his life in 1924 while he 3 （climb）Qomolangma. 4 is still not known if he succeeded in reaching the top of Qomolangma before it took his life. Alan Armee, 5 climbed Qomolangma in 2011, held the idea that 6 （climb）brought into focus what was important to you in your life. He believed that there were a thousand reasons to turn around and only one to keep going. He added, "You have to focus on 7 one reason that's most important and unique to you. It depends on the physical and mental 8 （tough）to push when you want to give up.” With the majority of attempts 9 （result）either in total success or failure, is there a scientific reason? Recent studies indicate that risk-taking may be part of human nature. Besides, people enjoy climbing because they expect to benefit from the result. Therefore, it's 10 （total）up to you whether you will take the risk of climbing Qomolangma. 【答案】 1．risks 2．to enjoy 3．was climbing 4．It 5．who 6．climbing 7．the 8．toughness 9．resulting 10．totally 六、阅读理解 A The highest mountain in the world is Mount Everest. It is 8,848.86 meters above sea level. Many men have tried to climb this mountain but without success. High winds, cold and little oxygen have made this almost an impossible (不可能的) thing. It was not until 1953 that two men stood on the top. One of the men was Edmund Hillary from New Zealand. The other was Tenzing Norgay from Nepal. They were members of a British Expedition (探险队). There were nearly twenty people in the whole team. They spent about sixty days finishing the whole climbing. The last day, May 29th, was fine；Hillary and Tenzing started climbing as the sun rose. At half past eleven they were on top of Mount Everest. They were very glad. They wanted to stay there for some time, but they couldn't. It was too cold and dangerous. They had climbed as high as anyone can climb—they were on the top of the world. 1．When did people first climb up to the top of the world's highest mountain? A．Never. B．On May 28, 1954. C．One day in 1953. D．Nearly 60 days after May 29, 1953. 2．__________can make climbing Mount Everest very difficult. A．High winds, cold and little oxygen B．No cars and planes C．Few people D．Winds, cold and oxygen 3．Who climbed up to the top of the world first? A．British people. B．An expedition. C．A New Zealander and a Nepalese. D．None. 4．_________wanted to climb Mount Everest, though it was so high. A．Few people B．A lot of people C．Only the men D．The British people 5．How high is the top of the world? A．No one knows. B．9.8 kilometers. C．8,848. 86 meters above sea level. D．Above the sea level. B It’s 2035. You have a job, a family and you’re about 40 years old! Welcome to your future life. Getting ready for work, you pause in front of the mirror. “Turn red,” you say. Your shirt changes from sky blue to deep red. Tiny preprogrammed electronics (电子器件) are rearranged in your shirt to change its color. Looking into the mirror, you find it hard to believe you’re 40. You look much younger. With amazing advances in medicine, people in your generation may live to be 150 years old. You’re not even middle­aged! As you go into the kitchen and prepare to pour your breakfast cereal into a bowl, you hear, “To lose weight, you shouldn’t eat that,” from your shoes. They read the tiny electronic code (电子源码) on the cereal box to find out the nutrition details. You decide to listen to your shoes. “Kitchen, what can I have for breakfast?” A list of possible foods appears on the counter as the kitchen checks its food supplies. “Ready for your trip to space?” you ask your son and daughter. In 2005 only specially trained astronauts went into space—and very few of them. Today anyone can go to space for day trips or longer vacations. Your best friend even works in space. Handing your children three strawberries each, you add, “The doctor said you need these for space travel.” Thanks to medical advances, vaccination shots (防疫针) are a thing of the past. Ordinary foods contain specific vaccines. With the berries in their mouths, the kids head for the front door. It’s time for you to go to work. Your car checks your fingerprints and unlocks the doors. “My office. Autopilot,” you command. Your car drives itself down the road and moves smoothly into traffic on the highway. You sit back and unroll your e­newspaper. The latest news downloads and fills the viewer. Looking through the pages, you watch the news as video film rather than read it. 6．What changes the color of your shirt? A．The mirror. B．The shirt itself. C．The counter. D．The medicine. 7．How do the shoes know that you shouldn’t eat cereal for breakfast? A．By pouring the breakfast into a bowl. B．By listening to the doctor’s advice. C．By testing the food supplies in the kitchen. D．By checking the nutrition details of the food. 8．The strawberries the children eat serve as ________. A．breakfast B．lunch C．vaccines D．nutrition 9．How is the text organized? A．In order of time. B．In order of frequency. C．In order of preference. D．In order of importance. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．C 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。珠穆朗玛峰是世界最高峰。很多人都曾试过攀爬这座山峰，但狂风、寒冷以及缺氧环境使攀爬未能成功。直到1953年，来自新西兰的埃德蒙·希拉里和来自尼泊尔的丹增·诺尔盖成为首次登顶珠穆朗玛峰的人。 1．细节理解题。根据“It was not until 1953 that two men stood on the top.(直到1953年才有两个人站在山顶。)”和“The last day, May 29th, was fine; Hillary and Tenzing started climbing as the sun rose. At half past eleven they were on top of .( 最后一天，5月29日，天气很好;太阳升起时，希拉里和丹增开始爬山。十一点半，他们登上了珠穆朗玛峰。)”可知，1953年的一天，人们第一次登上了世界最高峰的顶峰。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“High winds, cold and little oxygen have made this almost an impossible thing.(强风、寒冷和缺氧使这几乎成为不可能的事情。)”可知，大风、寒冷和缺氧使攀登珠穆朗玛峰变得非常困难。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“It was not until 1953 that two men stood on the top. One of the men was Edmund Hillary from New Zealand. The other was Tenzing Norgay from Nepal.( 直到1953年才有两个人站在山顶。其中一名男子是来自新西兰的埃德蒙·希拉里。另一位是尼泊尔的丹增·诺尔盖(Tenzing Norgay)。)”可知，一个新西兰人和一个尼泊尔人第一次登上了世界之巅 。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“The highest mountain in the world is Mount Everest. It is 8,848.86 meters above sea level. Many men have tried to climb this mountain but without success.( 世界上最高的山是珠穆朗玛峰。海拔8848.86米。许多人曾试图攀登这座山，但没有成功。)”可知，很多人想要攀登珠穆朗玛峰，尽管它很高。故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据“It is 8,848.86meters above sea level.( 海拔8848.86米)”可知，世界之巅海拔8848.86米。故选C。 6．B 7．D 8．C 9．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了2035年未来生活可能的样子。 6．细节理解题。根据第二段“Your shirt changes from sky blue to deep red. Tiny preprogrammed electronics (电子器件) are rearranged in your shirt to change its color.(你的衬衫会从天蓝色变成深红色。预先编程的微小电子器件会重新排列在你的衬衫中，以改变它的颜色)”可知，衬衣里安装的微型电子器件可以改变衬衣的颜色。故选B。 7．细节理解题。根据第三段“They read the tiny electronic code (电子源码) on the cereal box to find out the nutrition details.(它们阅读麦片盒上的微小电子源码，以弄清楚营养细节)”可知，通过查看麦片盒子上的电子源码，鞋子可以弄明白麦片的营养成分，以此得知你早餐不应该吃麦片。故选D。 8．推理判断题。根据第四段“Thanks to medical advances, vaccination shots (防疫针) are a thing of the past. Ordinary foods contain specific vaccines. With the berries in their mouths, the kids head for the front door.(由于医学的进步，防疫针已经成为过去。普通食品含有特定的疫苗。孩子们嘴里含着浆果，朝前门走去)”可知，医学发达了，防疫针成为过去，普通食物里含有特定的疫苗，可推知孩子们吃的草莓可以作为疫苗。故选C。 9．推理判断题。纵观全文可知，文章首先介绍穿衣，然后吃早饭，打发孩子去旅行，最后上班，由此而知，本文是按照时间顺序来组织的。故选A。 七、七选五 Polar exploration is the exploration of the lands around the North and South poles. The poles are the coldest and most remote (遥远的) places on Earth. The North Pole is in the Arctic Ocean, which is covered by a huge, floating ice sheet. 1 Some early polar explorers used dogsleds (狗拉雪橇) or went on foot. This was dangerous, as huge cracks in the ice could swallow dogs, sleds, and people. Other explorers used ships. 2 Later explorers used icebreakers, airplanes, and snowmobiles. 3 Some people wanted the fame that would come from being the first to reach an unknown land. Others were hoping to discover shorter sailing routes from Europe to Eastern Asia. Still others expected to get rich. More recently, people began exploring the polar areas to gather scientific information. The first outsider to reach the Arctic was probably an ancient Greek named Pytheas. 4 By the 1500s the Dutch and the English adventured there in search of trade routes. In 1878—1879 a Swedish explorer sailed from Europe through the Arctic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean, which was called the Northeast Passage. In 1905 the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen became the first to sail through the Northwest Passage. People first landed on Antarctica in 1895. British explorers Robert F. Scott and Ernest Henry Shackleton each led expeditions (远征) there in the early 1900s. In 1928 the U.S. explorer Richard E. Byrd set up a base on Antarctica’s coast. 5 During 1957—1958 scientists from several countries set up 50 bases throughout Antarctica for scientific research. A．Explorers first saw Antarctica in 1820. B．He reached Norway or Iceland in about 300 BC． C．People made early polar explorations for a number of reasons. D．Many explorers risked their lives trying to achieve these goals. E．The South Pole is on land, in the frozen continent of Antarctica. F．This also was dangerous, as floating ice could damage the ships. G．Meanwhile, many countries became interested in the scientific study of Antarctica. 【答案】1．E 2．F 3．C 4．B 5．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是极地探险的相关内容，包括探险的定义、探险的方式、探险的目的以及极地探险的历史。 1．空前“The poles are the coldest and most remote (遥远的) places on Earth. The North Pole is in the Arctic Ocean, which is covered by a huge, floating ice sheet.(两极是地球上最寒冷、最偏远的地方。北极位于北冰洋，北冰洋被巨大的漂浮冰盖覆盖。)”介绍了北极，空格处应该介绍南极，E选项“The South Pole is on land, in the frozen continent of Antarctica.(南极在陆地上，在冰封的南极洲。)”介绍的是南极，承接上文，符合语境，故选E。 2．空前“Some early polar explorers used dogsleds (狗拉雪橇) or went on foot. This was dangerous, as huge cracks in the ice could swallow dogs, sleds, and people. Other explorers used ships.(一些早期的极地探险者使用狗拉的雪橇或步行。这是很危险的，因为冰的巨大裂缝可以吞下狗、雪橇和人。其他探险家则使用船只。)”说明早期用狗拉的雪橇或步行是危险的，其他探险家用船只，空格处应该对他们用船只进行评论，F选项“This also was dangerous, as floating ice could damage the ships.(这也很危险，因为浮冰会损坏船只。)”说明用船只也是危险的，承接上文，符合语境，故选F。 3．空后“Some people wanted the fame that would come from being the first to reach an unknown land. Others were hoping to discover shorter sailing routes from Europe to Eastern Asia. Still others expected to get rich. More recently, people began exploring the polar areas to gather scientific information.(有些人想要成为第一个到达未知土地的人而获得名声。其他人则希望发现从欧洲到东亚的更短的航行路线。还有一些人期望发财。最近，人们开始探索极地地区以收集科学信息。)”说明的是人们去探索极地地区的原因，C选项“People made early polar explorations for a number of reasons.(人们进行早期的极地探险有很多原因。)”说明人们极地探险有很多原因，引出后文的具体原因，因此符合语境，故选C。 4．空前“The first outsider to reach the Arctic was probably an ancient Greek named Pytheas.(第一个到达北极的外来者可能是一个名叫Pytheas的古希腊人。)”说明第一个到达北极的外来人是Pytheas，空格处应该说他所做的事情，B选项“He reached Norway or Iceland in about 300 BC.(他在公元前300年左右到达挪威或冰岛。)”说明Pytheas在公元前300年左右到达挪威或冰岛，承接上文，符合语境，故选B。 5．空后“During 1957—1958 scientists from several countries set up 50 bases throughout Antarctica for scientific research.(1957年至1958年期间，几个国家的科学家在南极洲各地建立了50个科学研究基地。)”说明了几个国家的科学家在南极洲各地建立了50个科学研究基地，空格处应该说这些国家对在南极洲的研究感兴趣，G选项“Meanwhile, many countries became interested in the scientific study of Antarctica.(与此同时，许多国家开始对南极洲的科学研究感兴趣。)”说明了很多国家对南极洲的科学研究感兴趣，引起下文，符合语境，故选G。 八、完形填空 （21-22高一·山东·课后作业）Millionaire Peter became blind because of an illness. The doctor told him that only by having a cornea transplant surgery (眼角膜移植手术) could he 1 his sight. Peter offered a large amount of money for the cornea, but he didn’t get any 2 . Because Peter was too proud of his 3 and had done many unkind things, he had a bad reputation. So as soon as donors (捐赠者) heard his name, all of them   4 . At first Peter got 5 easily because of his wealth, but later, he had nothing to do but wait quietly. One day, Peter 6 his way to the little square before the hospital. He raised his head to enjoy the sunshine. However, he saw nothing but darkness. Just then, someone 7 him all of a sudden. Peter became annoyed, so he cried, “Don’t you have 8 ? Don’t you see who you hit? I’m millionaire Peter!” The answer was from a 9 , “Sorry, sir. Please forgive me!” Peter then said. “I can forgive you but you must chat with me!” The boy said yes. Peter nodded happily and his face 10 with a smile. Peter asked, “Is the scene here beautiful?” The boy began describing it, “How beautiful! The green grass, the blue sky, and the beautiful flowers everywhere...” Peter began to 11 that boy as he was listening. 12 he became impatient, shouting toward the sky. “Oh, my God, the little boy is so poor, he has nothing but a pair of eyes! Why do you give him light?” At this moment, a lady 13 Peter, “You are wrong! My son is too poor to have eyes. What he just said is what I told him!” 14 , Peter sat on the square, tears running down his face. Since then, the city charity would 15 a large amount of money every year. The donor was the very millionaire named Peter. 1．A．rescue B．keep C．catch D．regain 2．A．response B．attention C．reward D．benefit 3．A．health B．wealth C．luck D．family 4．A．refused B．accepted C．cheered D．left 5．A．content B．patient C．angry D．tired 6．A．shouldered B．felt C．forced D．pushed 7．A．called B．hit C．stopped D．shook 8．A．eyes B．arms C．legs D．face 9．A．lady B．boy C．girl D．man 10．A．turned up B．rose up C．put up D．lit up 11．A．ignore B．support C．respect D．envy 12．A．Suddenly B．Especially C．Strangely D．Regularly 13．A．beat B．disturbed C．bothered D．interrupted 14．A．Satisfied B．Astonished C．Disappointed D．Delighted 15．A．donate B．collect C．receive D．pay 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．B 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．B 8．A 9．B 10．D 11．D 12．A 13．D 14．B 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个百万富翁彼得仗着有钱做着很多不友善的事，导致没人愿意捐赠眼角膜，一次彼得结识到一个同样失明的小男孩，但他还是对这个世界充满善意，这改变了彼得对他人的态度。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：医生告诉他，只有做角膜移植手术，他才能重见光明。A. rescue拯救；B. keep保持；C. catch抓住；D. regain重新获得。根据“only by having a cornea transplant surgery”可知，这个富翁之前失明，做手术是重获光明。故选D。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：彼得出了一大笔钱求购角膜（希望有人捐赠），但没有得到任何回应。A. response回应；B. attention关注；C. reward回报；D. benefit益处。根据“Peter offered a large amount of money for the cornea,”和转折词but可知，彼得没有得到回应。故选A。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为彼得对自己的财富过于骄傲，做了许多不友善的事情，他的名声很坏。A. health健康；B. wealth财富；C. luck幸运；D. family家庭。根据上文“Millionaire Peter”可知，彼得是因为自己的财富而骄傲。故选B。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：捐赠者一听到他的名字，都拒绝了。A. refused拒绝；B. accepted接受；C. cheered庆祝；D. left离开。根据上文“he had a bad reputation”可知，捐赠者应该是拒绝捐赠。故选A。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：起初，彼得很容易因为他的财富而生气，但后来，除了静静地等着，别无他法。A. content满足的；B. patient耐心的；C. angry生气的；D. tired劳累的。根据上文“So as soon as donors(捐赠者) heard his name, all of them___４___.”可知，没有人捐赠眼角膜，他很为自己的财富生气。故选C。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天，彼得摸索着来到医院前的小广场。A. shouldered肩负；B. felt感觉；C. forced强迫；D. pushed推动。根据“Millionaire Peter became blind because of an illness.”可知，因为彼得失明了，所以他是摸索着（凭感觉）走的。故选B。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，突然有人打了他。A. called叫；B. hit打；C. stopped停止；D. shook摇动。根据下文“Don't you see who you hit?”可知，是有人不小心打到了他。故选B。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你没有眼睛吗？你没看见你撞到谁了吗？我是百万富翁彼得！ A. eyes眼睛；B. arms胳膊；C. legs腿；D. face脸。根据“Don't you see who you hit?”可知，不小心撞到人，应该是眼睛没注意。故选A。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个男孩回答道：“对不起，先生，请原谅我！”A. lady女士；B. boy男孩；C. girl女孩；D. man男人。根据下文“The boy said yes.”可知，是一个男孩撞了彼得。故选B。 10．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：彼得高兴地点了点头，脸上露出了笑容。A. turned up出现；B. rose up起床；C. put up张贴；D. lit up点亮，面露喜色。根据“Peter nodded happily”可知，彼得脸上露出了笑容。故选D。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：彼得听着听着，开始羡慕起那个男孩来。A. ignore忽视；B. support支持；C. respect尊重；D. envy羡慕，嫉妒。根据下文彼得说的话“he has nothing but a pair of eyes!”可知，彼得羡慕小男孩可以看到景色。故选D。 12．考查副词词义辨析。句意：突然，他变得不耐烦了，对着天空大喊。A. Suddenly突然地；B. Especially尤其地；C. Strangely奇怪地；D. Regularly定期地。根据“he became impatient, shouting toward the sky.”可知，变得不耐烦是突然发生的事。故选A。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这时，一位女士打断了彼得的话。A. beat打败；B. disturbed妨碍；C. bothered打扰；D. interrupted打断。根据“"You are wrong! My son is too poor to have eyes. What he just said is what I told him!””可知，这个女士应该是打断彼得的话，因为他说的和事实不符。故选D。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：彼得惊讶地坐在广场上，眼泪顺着他的脸流了下来。A. Satisfied满意的；B. Astonished震惊的；C. Disappointed失望的；D. Delighted开心的。根据上文“You are wrong! My son is too poor to have eyes. What he just said is what I told him!”与彼得原来想的完全相反，所以感到震惊。故选B。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，该市的慈善机构每年都会收到一大笔钱。A. donate捐赠；B. collect收集；C. receive收到；D. pay付款。根据“The donor was the very millionaire named Peter.”可知，慈善机构是收到彼得捐赠的钱。故选C。 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Period 1 Reading and Thinking分层练习 参考答案 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、将下列短语翻译为英文。 1．sing high praises for 2．the extreme cold 3．lose one’s life 4．sheer joy 5．succeed in doing sth 6．figure out 7．either…or 8．be likely to do sth 9．under the guidance of 10．adjust to the darkness 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1. attempt 2．confirm 3．failure/ailure 4．failure/ailure 5．zones 三、单句语法填空。 1. to confirm 2．failure 3．psychologist 4．attempted 5．had crowded 6．bordering 7．thrilled 8．was brought 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1. attempts to keep a balance between it very difficult 2. compete failure 3．blaming the failure on bad luck 4．you are attempting to learn Chinese 5．tears of thrill streamed down her face 6．set ambitious goals and be passionate about what you do work hard and be prepared to learn from failures 五、语法填空 1．risks 2．to enjoy 3．was climbing 4．It 5．who 6．climbing 7．the 8．toughness 9．resulting 10．totally 六、阅读理解 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．C 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。珠穆朗玛峰是世界最高峰。很多人都曾试过攀爬这座山峰，但狂风、寒冷以及缺氧环境使攀爬未能成功。直到1953年，来自新西兰的埃德蒙·希拉里和来自尼泊尔的丹增·诺尔盖成为首次登顶珠穆朗玛峰的人。 1．细节理解题。根据“It was not until 1953 that two men stood on the top.(直到1953年才有两个人站在山顶。)”和“The last day, May 29th, was fine; Hillary and Tenzing started climbing as the sun rose. At half past eleven they were on top of .( 最后一天，5月29日，天气很好;太阳升起时，希拉里和丹增开始爬山。十一点半，他们登上了珠穆朗玛峰。)”可知，1953年的一天，人们第一次登上了世界最高峰的顶峰。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“High winds, cold and little oxygen have made this almost an impossible thing.(强风、寒冷和缺氧使这几乎成为不可能的事情。)”可知，大风、寒冷和缺氧使攀登珠穆朗玛峰变得非常困难。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“It was not until 1953 that two men stood on the top. One of the men was Edmund Hillary from New Zealand. The other was Tenzing Norgay from Nepal.( 直到1953年才有两个人站在山顶。其中一名男子是来自新西兰的埃德蒙·希拉里。另一位是尼泊尔的丹增·诺尔盖(Tenzing Norgay)。)”可知，一个新西兰人和一个尼泊尔人第一次登上了世界之巅 。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“The highest mountain in the world is Mount Everest. It is 8,848.86 meters above sea level. Many men have tried to climb this mountain but without success.( 世界上最高的山是珠穆朗玛峰。海拔8848.86米。许多人曾试图攀登这座山，但没有成功。)”可知，很多人想要攀登珠穆朗玛峰，尽管它很高。故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据“It is 8,848.86meters above sea level.( 海拔8848.86米)”可知，世界之巅海拔8848.86米。故选C。 6．B 7．D 8．C 9．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了2035年未来生活可能的样子。 6．细节理解题。根据第二段“Your shirt changes from sky blue to deep red. Tiny preprogrammed electronics (电子器件) are rearranged in your shirt to change its color.(你的衬衫会从天蓝色变成深红色。预先编程的微小电子器件会重新排列在你的衬衫中，以改变它的颜色)”可知，衬衣里安装的微型电子器件可以改变衬衣的颜色。故选B。 7．细节理解题。根据第三段“They read the tiny electronic code (电子源码) on the cereal box to find out the nutrition details.(它们阅读麦片盒上的微小电子源码，以弄清楚营养细节)”可知，通过查看麦片盒子上的电子源码，鞋子可以弄明白麦片的营养成分，以此得知你早餐不应该吃麦片。故选D。 8．推理判断题。根据第四段“Thanks to medical advances, vaccination shots (防疫针) are a thing of the past. Ordinary foods contain specific vaccines. With the berries in their mouths, the kids head for the front door.(由于医学的进步，防疫针已经成为过去。普通食品含有特定的疫苗。孩子们嘴里含着浆果，朝前门走去)”可知，医学发达了，防疫针成为过去，普通食物里含有特定的疫苗，可推知孩子们吃的草莓可以作为疫苗。故选C。 9．推理判断题。纵观全文可知，文章首先介绍穿衣，然后吃早饭，打发孩子去旅行，最后上班，由此而知，本文是按照时间顺序来组织的。故选A。 七、七选五 【答案】1．E 2．F 3．C 4．B 5．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是极地探险的相关内容，包括探险的定义、探险的方式、探险的目的以及极地探险的历史。 1．空前“The poles are the coldest and most remote (遥远的) places on Earth. The North Pole is in the Arctic Ocean, which is covered by a huge, floating ice sheet.(两极是地球上最寒冷、最偏远的地方。北极位于北冰洋，北冰洋被巨大的漂浮冰盖覆盖。)”介绍了北极，空格处应该介绍南极，E选项“The South Pole is on land, in the frozen continent of Antarctica.(南极在陆地上，在冰封的南极洲。)”介绍的是南极，承接上文，符合语境，故选E。 2．空前“Some early polar explorers used dogsleds (狗拉雪橇) or went on foot. This was dangerous, as huge cracks in the ice could swallow dogs, sleds, and people. Other explorers used ships.(一些早期的极地探险者使用狗拉的雪橇或步行。这是很危险的，因为冰的巨大裂缝可以吞下狗、雪橇和人。其他探险家则使用船只。)”说明早期用狗拉的雪橇或步行是危险的，其他探险家用船只，空格处应该对他们用船只进行评论，F选项“This also was dangerous, as floating ice could damage the ships.(这也很危险，因为浮冰会损坏船只。)”说明用船只也是危险的，承接上文，符合语境，故选F。 3．空后“Some people wanted the fame that would come from being the first to reach an unknown land. Others were hoping to discover shorter sailing routes from Europe to Eastern Asia. Still others expected to get rich. More recently, people began exploring the polar areas to gather scientific information.(有些人想要成为第一个到达未知土地的人而获得名声。其他人则希望发现从欧洲到东亚的更短的航行路线。还有一些人期望发财。最近，人们开始探索极地地区以收集科学信息。)”说明的是人们去探索极地地区的原因，C选项“People made early polar explorations for a number of reasons.(人们进行早期的极地探险有很多原因。)”说明人们极地探险有很多原因，引出后文的具体原因，因此符合语境，故选C。 4．空前“The first outsider to reach the Arctic was probably an ancient Greek named Pytheas.(第一个到达北极的外来者可能是一个名叫Pytheas的古希腊人。)”说明第一个到达北极的外来人是Pytheas，空格处应该说他所做的事情，B选项“He reached Norway or Iceland in about 300 BC.(他在公元前300年左右到达挪威或冰岛。)”说明Pytheas在公元前300年左右到达挪威或冰岛，承接上文，符合语境，故选B。 5．空后“During 1957—1958 scientists from several countries set up 50 bases throughout Antarctica for scientific research.(1957年至1958年期间，几个国家的科学家在南极洲各地建立了50个科学研究基地。)”说明了几个国家的科学家在南极洲各地建立了50个科学研究基地，空格处应该说这些国家对在南极洲的研究感兴趣，G选项“Meanwhile, many countries became interested in the scientific study of Antarctica.(与此同时，许多国家开始对南极洲的科学研究感兴趣。)”说明了很多国家对南极洲的科学研究感兴趣，引起下文，符合语境，故选G。 八、完形填空 1．D 2．A 3．B 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．B 8．A 9．B 10．D 11．D 12．A 13．D 14．B 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个百万富翁彼得仗着有钱做着很多不友善的事，导致没人愿意捐赠眼角膜，一次彼得结识到一个同样失明的小男孩，但他还是对这个世界充满善意，这改变了彼得对他人的态度。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：医生告诉他，只有做角膜移植手术，他才能重见光明。A. rescue拯救；B. keep保持；C. catch抓住；D. regain重新获得。根据“only by having a cornea transplant surgery”可知，这个富翁之前失明，做手术是重获光明。故选D。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：彼得出了一大笔钱求购角膜（希望有人捐赠），但没有得到任何回应。A. response回应；B. attention关注；C. reward回报；D. benefit益处。根据“Peter offered a large amount of money for the cornea,”和转折词but可知，彼得没有得到回应。故选A。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为彼得对自己的财富过于骄傲，做了许多不友善的事情，他的名声很坏。A. health健康；B. wealth财富；C. luck幸运；D. family家庭。根据上文“Millionaire Peter”可知，彼得是因为自己的财富而骄傲。故选B。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：捐赠者一听到他的名字，都拒绝了。A. refused拒绝；B. accepted接受；C. cheered庆祝；D. left离开。根据上文“he had a bad reputation”可知，捐赠者应该是拒绝捐赠。故选A。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：起初，彼得很容易因为他的财富而生气，但后来，除了静静地等着，别无他法。A. content满足的；B. patient耐心的；C. angry生气的；D. tired劳累的。根据上文“So as soon as donors(捐赠者) heard his name, all of them___４___.”可知，没有人捐赠眼角膜，他很为自己的财富生气。故选C。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天，彼得摸索着来到医院前的小广场。A. shouldered肩负；B. felt感觉；C. forced强迫；D. pushed推动。根据“Millionaire Peter became blind because of an illness.”可知，因为彼得失明了，所以他是摸索着（凭感觉）走的。故选B。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，突然有人打了他。A. called叫；B. hit打；C. stopped停止；D. shook摇动。根据下文“Don't you see who you hit?”可知，是有人不小心打到了他。故选B。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你没有眼睛吗？你没看见你撞到谁了吗？我是百万富翁彼得！ A. eyes眼睛；B. arms胳膊；C. legs腿；D. face脸。根据“Don't you see who you hit?”可知，不小心撞到人，应该是眼睛没注意。故选A。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个男孩回答道：“对不起，先生，请原谅我！”A. lady女士；B. boy男孩；C. girl女孩；D. man男人。根据下文“The boy said yes.”可知，是一个男孩撞了彼得。故选B。 10．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：彼得高兴地点了点头，脸上露出了笑容。A. turned up出现；B. rose up起床；C. put up张贴；D. lit up点亮，面露喜色。根据“Peter nodded happily”可知，彼得脸上露出了笑容。故选D。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：彼得听着听着，开始羡慕起那个男孩来。A. ignore忽视；B. support支持；C. respect尊重；D. envy羡慕，嫉妒。根据下文彼得说的话“he has nothing but a pair of eyes!”可知，彼得羡慕小男孩可以看到景色。故选D。 12．考查副词词义辨析。句意：突然，他变得不耐烦了，对着天空大喊。A. Suddenly突然地；B. Especially尤其地；C. Strangely奇怪地；D. Regularly定期地。根据“he became impatient, shouting toward the sky.”可知，变得不耐烦是突然发生的事。故选A。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这时，一位女士打断了彼得的话。A. beat打败；B. disturbed妨碍；C. bothered打扰；D. interrupted打断。根据“"You are wrong! My son is too poor to have eyes. What he just said is what I told him!””可知，这个女士应该是打断彼得的话，因为他说的和事实不符。故选D。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：彼得惊讶地坐在广场上，眼泪顺着他的脸流了下来。A. Satisfied满意的；B. Astonished震惊的；C. Disappointed失望的；D. Delighted开心的。根据上文“You are wrong! My son is too poor to have eyes. What he just said is what I told him!”与彼得原来想的完全相反，所以感到震惊。故选B。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，该市的慈善机构每年都会收到一大笔钱。A. donate捐赠；B. collect收集；C. receive收到；D. pay付款。根据“The donor was the very millionaire named Peter.”可知，慈善机构是收到彼得捐赠的钱。故选C。 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Period 1 Reading and Thinking分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、将下列短语翻译为英文。 1．高度赞扬……；盛赞……________________ 2．严寒；酷寒___________________ 3．丧生；失去生命______________________ 4．纯粹的喜悦；由衷的快乐____________ 5．成功做某事；在某事上取得成功______________ 6．弄清楚；搞明白_____________ 7．或者……或者；要么……要么________________ 8．很可能做某____________________ 9．在……的指导下；由……指导________________ 10．适应黑暗______________________ 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1．Jack succeeded in high jump at the first a (尝试). 2．I called the airline to (确认) my flight reservation a week before I left for Canada. 3．It is not the f (失败) itself that matters, but how we respond to it that determines our future. 4．Don’t lose heart. I believe f is the mother of success. 5．The dark (区域) of the oceans may contain up to 90 per cent of the planet’s fish. 三、单句语法填空。 1．I called the hotel in advance (confirm) my reservation and the pick-up service for my upcoming trip. 2．In sports, a (fail) is not the end, but a chance to learn and improve. 3．She spent 15 years as a child .(psychology) 4．They (attempt) to solve the problem, but failed. 5．Before the concert even started, fans (crowd) around the stadium entrance. 6．At that time, Wanzai was a tiny town (border) Macao known for its flower trade. 7．I am (thrill) and delighted that the psychologist can be here tonight. 8．The importance of environmental protection (bring) into focus after his passionate speech. 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1．她试图保持家庭和工作的平衡，但发现很难。（attempt v., balance n.） She family and work and finds . 2．当我们与他人竞争时，每一个挑战，包括失败，都是发现自身不足的机会。 When we with others, every challenge, including , is a chance to find out where we need to improve. 3．经理没有把失败归咎于运气不好，而是敦促团队分析问题并从错误中吸取教训。(blame) Instead of , the manager urged his team to analyze the problems and learn from their mistakes. 4．我知道你在努力学习中文, 并寻找提高中文口语水平的办法。 I know that and seeking ways to improve your spoken Chinese. 5．看着女儿在舞台上的首次独演，激动的泪水从母亲脸上滑落。 When Mom watched her daughter’s first solo performance on stage, . 6．要取得成功，你不仅需要树立高远的目标、对所做的事充满热情，还需要付出努力，并准备好从失败中学习。 To achieve success, not only need you to , but you also n 五、语法填空 Last year, hundreds of people spent a lot of money on climbing Qomolangma even though they knew they would be challenged with different 1 risk）. For some people, climbing makes them feel powerful. George Mallory believed that we eat and make money 2 （enjoy）life. Sadly, this climber lost his life in 1924 while he 3 （climb）Qomolangma. 4 is still not known if he succeeded in reaching the top of Qomolangma before it took his life. Alan Armee, 5 climbed Qomolangma in 2011, held the idea that 6 （climb）brought into focus what was important to you in your life. He believed that there were a thousand reasons to turn around and only one to keep going. He added, "You have to focus on 7 one reason that's most important and unique to you. It depends on the physical and mental 8 （tough）to push when you want to give up.” With the majority of attempts 9 （result）either in total success or failure, is there a scientific reason? Recent studies indicate that risk-taking may be part of human nature. Besides, people enjoy climbing because they expect to benefit from the result. Therefore, it's 10 （total）up to you whether you will take the risk of climbing Qomolangma. 六、阅读理解 A The highest mountain in the world is Mount Everest. It is 8,848.86 meters above sea level. Many men have tried to climb this mountain but without success. High winds, cold and little oxygen have made this almost an impossible (不可能的) thing. It was not until 1953 that two men stood on the top. One of the men was Edmund Hillary from New Zealand. The other was Tenzing Norgay from Nepal. They were members of a British Expedition (探险队). There were nearly twenty people in the whole team. They spent about sixty days finishing the whole climbing. The last day, May 29th, was fine；Hillary and Tenzing started climbing as the sun rose. At half past eleven they were on top of Mount Everest. They were very glad. They wanted to stay there for some time, but they couldn't. It was too cold and dangerous. They had climbed as high as anyone can climb—they were on the top of the world. 1．When did people first climb up to the top of the world's highest mountain? A．Never. B．On May 28, 1954. C．One day in 1953. D．Nearly 60 days after May 29, 1953. 2．__________can make climbing Mount Everest very difficult. A．High winds, cold and little oxygen B．No cars and planes C．Few people D．Winds, cold and oxygen 3．Who climbed up to the top of the world first? A．British people. B．An expedition. C．A New Zealander and a Nepalese. D．None. 4．_________wanted to climb Mount Everest, though it was so high. A．Few people B．A lot of people C．Only the men D．The British people 5．How high is the top of the world? A．No one knows. B．9.8 kilometers. C．8,848. 86 meters above sea level. D．Above the sea level. B It’s 2035. You have a job, a family and you’re about 40 years old! Welcome to your future life. Getting ready for work, you pause in front of the mirror. “Turn red,” you say. Your shirt changes from sky blue to deep red. Tiny preprogrammed electronics (电子器件) are rearranged in your shirt to change its color. Looking into the mirror, you find it hard to believe you’re 40. You look much younger. With amazing advances in medicine, people in your generation may live to be 150 years old. You’re not even middle­aged! As you go into the kitchen and prepare to pour your breakfast cereal into a bowl, you hear, “To lose weight, you shouldn’t eat that,” from your shoes. They read the tiny electronic code (电子源码) on the cereal box to find out the nutrition details. You decide to listen to your shoes. “Kitchen, what can I have for breakfast?” A list of possible foods appears on the counter as the kitchen checks its food supplies. “Ready for your trip to space?” you ask your son and daughter. In 2005 only specially trained astronauts went into space—and very few of them. Today anyone can go to space for day trips or longer vacations. Your best friend even works in space. Handing your children three strawberries each, you add, “The doctor said you need these for space travel.” Thanks to medical advances, vaccination shots (防疫针) are a thing of the past. Ordinary foods contain specific vaccines. With the berries in their mouths, the kids head for the front door. It’s time for you to go to work. Your car checks your fingerprints and unlocks the doors. “My office. Autopilot,” you command. Your car drives itself down the road and moves smoothly into traffic on the highway. You sit back and unroll your e­newspaper. The latest news downloads and fills the viewer. Looking through the pages, you watch the news as video film rather than read it. 6．What changes the color of your shirt? A．The mirror. B．The shirt itself. C．The counter. D．The medicine. 7．How do the shoes know that you shouldn’t eat cereal for breakfast? A．By pouring the breakfast into a bowl. B．By listening to the doctor’s advice. C．By testing the food supplies in the kitchen. D．By checking the nutrition details of the food. 8．The strawberries the children eat serve as ________. A．breakfast B．lunch C．vaccines D．nutrition 9．How is the text organized? A．In order of time. B．In order of frequency. C．In order of preference. D．In order of importance. 七、七选五 Polar exploration is the exploration of the lands around the North and South poles. The poles are the coldest and most remote (遥远的) places on Earth. The North Pole is in the Arctic Ocean, which is covered by a huge, floating ice sheet. 1 Some early polar explorers used dogsleds (狗拉雪橇) or went on foot. This was dangerous, as huge cracks in the ice could swallow dogs, sleds, and people. Other explorers used ships. 2 Later explorers used icebreakers, airplanes, and snowmobiles. 3 Some people wanted the fame that would come from being the first to reach an unknown land. Others were hoping to discover shorter sailing routes from Europe to Eastern Asia. Still others expected to get rich. More recently, people began exploring the polar areas to gather scientific information. The first outsider to reach the Arctic was probably an ancient Greek named Pytheas. 4 By the 1500s the Dutch and the English adventured there in search of trade routes. In 1878—1879 a Swedish explorer sailed from Europe through the Arctic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean, which was called the Northeast Passage. In 1905 the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen became the first to sail through the Northwest Passage. People first landed on Antarctica in 1895. British explorers Robert F. Scott and Ernest Henry Shackleton each led expeditions (远征) there in the early 1900s. In 1928 the U.S. explorer Richard E. Byrd set up a base on Antarctica’s coast. 5 During 1957—1958 scientists from several countries set up 50 bases throughout Antarctica for scientific research. A．Explorers first saw Antarctica in 1820. B．He reached Norway or Iceland in about 300 BC． C．People made early polar explorations for a number of reasons. D．Many explorers risked their lives trying to achieve these goals. E．The South Pole is on land, in the frozen continent of Antarctica. F．This also was dangerous, as floating ice could damage the ships. G．Meanwhile, many countries became interested in the scientific study of Antarctica. 八、完形填空 （21-22高一·山东·课后作业）Millionaire Peter became blind because of an illness. The doctor told him that only by having a cornea transplant surgery (眼角膜移植手术) could he 1 his sight. Peter offered a large amount of money for the cornea, but he didn’t get any 2 . Because Peter was too proud of his 3 and had done many unkind things, he had a bad reputation. So as soon as donors (捐赠者) heard his name, all of them   4 . At first Peter got 5 easily because of his wealth, but later, he had nothing to do but wait quietly. One day, Peter 6 his way to the little square before the hospital. He raised his head to enjoy the sunshine. However, he saw nothing but darkness. Just then, someone 7 him all of a sudden. Peter became annoyed, so he cried, “Don’t you have 8 ? Don’t you see who you hit? I’m millionaire Peter!” The answer was from a 9 , “Sorry, sir. Please forgive me!” Peter then said. “I can forgive you but you must chat with me!” The boy said yes. Peter nodded happily and his face 10 with a smile. Peter asked, “Is the scene here beautiful?” The boy began describing it, “How beautiful! The green grass, the blue sky, and the beautiful flowers everywhere...” Peter began to 11 that boy as he was listening. 12 he became impatient, shouting toward the sky. “Oh, my God, the little boy is so poor, he has nothing but a pair of eyes! Why do you give him light?” At this moment, a lady 13 Peter, “You are wrong! My son is too poor to have eyes. What he just said is what I told him!” 14 , Peter sat on the square, tears running down his face. Since then, the city charity would 15 a large amount of money every year. The donor was the very millionaire named Peter. 1．A．rescue B．keep C．catch D．regain 2．A．response B．attention C．reward D．benefit 3．A．health B．wealth C．luck D．family 4．A．refused B．accepted C．cheered D．left 5．A．content B．patient C．angry D．tired 6．A．shouldered B．felt C．forced D．pushed 7．A．called B．hit C．stopped D．shook 8．A．eyes B．arms C．legs D．face 9．A．lady B．boy C．girl D．man 10．A．turned up B．rose up C．put up D．lit up 11．A．ignore B．support C．respect D．envy 12．A．Suddenly B．Especially C．Strangely D．Regularly 13．A．beat B．disturbed C．bothered D．interrupted 14．A．Satisfied B．Astonished C．Disappointed D．Delighted 15．A．donate B．collect C．receive D．pay 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $