Unit 5 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language—Review useful structures-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（人教版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语长句复习核心知识点，系统梳理并列句（顺承、转折、因果关系）、主从复合句（定语、状语、名词性从句）及并列复合句的结构类型，通过“语法串烧”短文感知、“语法知识精讲”分层解析、“长句分析方法”（结构与逻辑分析）构建递进式学习支架。 该资料以“感知-讲解-实践”为主线，特色在于结合高考真题实例设计“巧学活用”练习，助力学生在分析长句结构中提升语言理解与表达能力（语言能力），通过逻辑关联梳理培养分析推断的思维品质，配套核心词汇与典型句式讲解，课中辅助教师高效授课，课后帮助学生自主查漏补缺，强化知识应用。

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language—Review useful structures ——复习长句 阅读以下短文，感知下列句子，并完成练习。 语法串烧 我的发现 　　①I plan to be a engineer in the future，but my parents suggest that I should be a lawyer.②They argue that lawyers are better paid than engineers.③My teacher recommends that I take a career aptitude test，which will help me make a more informed decision.④Whatever the test results are，I have to study hard.⑤What I need to focus on now is acquiring knowledge and preparing myself for the future. 1.句①为由but连接的并列句。 2.句②③④⑤为主从复合句。在句②中，that引导的是宾语从句；在句③中，that引导的是宾语从句，which引导定语从句；在句④中，whatever引导的是让步状语从句；在句⑤中，what引导的是主语从句。 语法知识精讲 　　英语长句是学生理解中的难点。英语长句之所以长，是因为含有较多较长的修饰成分，或是包含多个并列句或从句。 一、句子结构形式 　　按照句子的结构分类，英语的长句一般分为并列句，主从复合句和并列复合句。 1.并列句 并列句是由两个或两个以上的分句并列而成，并列句大致分为三类： (1)两个句子之间是顺承或者选择的关系 这类并列句多由连词 and，or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but(also)...等连接，句子之间相互平行。 Is he still there or has he gone away？ 他现在还在那里还是已经走了？ I didn’t go there often and I lost my way. 我不常去那儿，所以我迷路了。 Not only has the poor man been arrested，but(also) he has been put in prison. 那个可怜的男人不仅被逮捕了，还被关进了监狱。 (2)两个句子之间是转折或对比关系 由连词 but，yet，whereas，while等连接，表示转折或者对比关系。 The policeman looked at me suspiciously，but he said nothing. 警察用怀疑的眼光看着我，但是一句话没说。 I like tea while she likes coffee. 我喜欢喝茶而她喜欢喝咖啡。 He has learned English for only one year，yet he can communicate with people in English. 他才学英语一年，但他能用英文跟人交流。 (3)两个句子之间是因果关系 用连词 so连接的句子是因果关系。需要注意的是，because，since，as等表示原因时构成主从复合句，而不是并列句。 I’ve got a meeting to attend，so I have to go now. 我有个会议要去参加，所以我得现在走了。 2.主从复合句 通过引导词或者连接词构成从句，用来修饰主句成分或者作主句的某个成分，这样构成的句子结构为 学生用书⬇第100页 主从复合句。这种句式主要有三个类型： (1)定语从句 定语从句用来修饰句中的名词或代词，常用的引导词有that，which，who，whom，whose，when，where，why，as等。 The book (which/that) you lent me yesterday is interesting.你昨天借给我的书很有意思。 He is the man who/that lives next door. 他是住在隔壁的那个人。 The reason why we enjoy sports differs from one another. 我们喜爱运动的原因各不相同。 This is the town where he was born. 这是他出生的小镇。 Tom got married in 2000 when he was 24 years old. 汤姆在2000年结婚了，当时他24岁。 I have two sisters，who are doctors. 我有两个姐姐，她们是医生。 (2)状语从句 状语从句一般修饰其附着的句子主干的谓语动词。根据从句连接词的不同，可分为条件状语从句、时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句等。 I was so excited when he wrote back to me. 当他给我回信时我非常兴奋。 Where there is a will，there is a way.(表地点) 有志者，事竟成。 Since you are free today，you’d better clean your room.(表原因) 既然你今天有空，你最好打扫一下自己的房间。 You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.(表条件) 只要你坚持尝试就一定会成功。 We came early so that the meeting can begin at once.(表目的) 我们来得很早，以便会议可以立即开始。 Much as I respect him，I can’t agree on his proposal.(表让步) 尽管我很尊敬他，但我不同意他的提议。 (3)名词性从句 名词性从句不是用来修饰某个句子成分，而是作主句的一个成分。根据从句所作的成分，一般分为四类名词性从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。 Whether he comes or not doesn’t make any difference to me.(主语从句) 他来与不来对我都一样。 The question is whether the film is worth seeing.(表语从句) 问题是这部电影是否值得看。 I don’t know whether I can raise the money for buying a car.(宾语从句) 我不知道我是否能为买车筹到资金。 We got the news that he had won a car in the lottery.(同位语从句)　 我们得到消息说他中彩票赢得了一辆汽车。 3.并列复合句 当一个句子里包含多种关系，既有并列关系，又有主从关系，就是并列复合句。 Even if you fail，at least you tried，and you’re a better person for it.即使你失败了，但至少你试过了，而且你是做这件事的理想人选。 The career suggestions are also based on your education and experience level，but you can look at higher-level careers as well，which is very useful for high school students.职业建议也是基于你的教育和经验水平，但你也可以考虑更高级别的职业，这对高中生非常有用。 ◎巧学活用1——单句语法填空 1.She didn’t understand what he was trying to explain during the meeting. 2.My greatest wish is that everyone can live in peace and harmony around the world. 3.What he said during the interview surprised everyone in the room. 学生用书⬇第101页 4.Whether they will approve the proposal remains uncertain until the final decision. 5.The idea that technology will revolutionize education is now widely accepted by experts. 6.This is the café where we first met and had our first conversation. 7.She wore the dress that/which she bought at the sale last week during the party. 8.I will go to the park if the weather is nice tomorrow. 9.He was upset because he didn’t receive the results he expected from the exam. 二、长句分析方法 　　长句分析一般从两个角度进行，一个是句子结构分析，一个是语义逻辑分析。 1.句子结构分析 理解长句的基础是厘清句子的结构层次，这需要学生熟悉了解英语的基本句型，在此基础上抓住长句子的主干，即句子的主语和谓语，然后再逐层梳理分析长句中其他成分的层次关系。 (1)找谓语，定主语 一般情况下，一个谓语动词对应其动作的发出者(主语)，我们可以根据谓语动词的意义来确定其主语。而且，如果一个句子中出现两个或两个以上的谓语形式的动词，则该句可以是并列句或复合句(并列谓语动词的情况除外)。 People feared that weakening a 21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory would encourage illegal hunting and hurt elephant populations. 二十一年来，象牙交易一直被明令禁止，人们担心削弱这一禁令会助长非法捕猎，导致大象数量减少。 分析：that 引导宾语从句 ，谓语动词是encourage和hurt，其主语是动词-ing形式短语weakening a 21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory。 (2)提主干，去枝叶 通常一个句子中的主句所表达的信息为主要信息，状语和定语等所表达的信息为次要信息。提炼出句子主干，才能完全把握句子的核心意义。 Economists from the University of Sussex analysed findings from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health，a 15-year research project charting the fortunes of a group of thousands of teenagers who attended high schools in the US in the mid-1990s. 来自萨塞克斯大学的经济学家们分析了国家青少年健康纵向研究的研究结果，这项研究是一个历时15年的课题，它记录了数千名在20世纪90年代中期在美国上中学的一组青少年的财产情况。 分析：句子主干为Economists analysed findings。from the University of Sussex 作Economists的定语；from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health 作findings的定语；a 15-year research project作the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health 的同位语；charting...作project 的定语；who引导定语从句，修饰teenagers。 (3)寻关联，辨逻辑 But by any criteria this work is worth it to us as well，because it shows that we are global citizens interested in world stability，and that we feel responsible for others and are ready to build a community with a shared future for mankind. 但以任何标准来看，这项工作对我们都是值得的，因为它表明，我们是关注世界稳定的全球公民，我们对他人负有责任，我们为建立人类命运共同体做好了准备。 分析：这是一个复合句。第一层，主句的主干为“主系表”结构，because后面是一个“主谓宾”结构的原因状语从句，用来说明“这项工作很有意义”的理由。第二层，原因状语从句内部包含两个由that引导的宾语从句，作shows的宾语。第三层，两个that引导的宾语从句是and连接的并列关系，也都是“主系表”结构。 学生用书⬇第102页 2.语义逻辑分析 在厘清句子层次结构的基础之上，还要把握句子内部逻辑意义的关联，这主要表现在对代词指代和逻辑副词的理解上。如： The experts will make sure that the koalas selected for each session are in a good state for human contact and that they are handled for only a limited time and on a limited frequency of occasions. 专家们将确保为每届会议挑选出来的考拉状态良好、适合与人接触，并且爱抚考拉的时长和频率也有限制。 分析：从结构层次来看，该句的主干是一个主谓宾结构(The experts will make sure that)，第一个and连接两个that引导的宾语从句。从代词指代来看，句中的they指代the koalas。 ◎巧学活用2——分析并翻译下列长句 1.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读C)The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text. [句式分析]　本句为复合句。 句中when引导时间状语从句，从句谓语为move，“like identifying the main idea in a reading passage”和“such as drawing inferences from a text”分别补充说明simple tasks和 ones that require mental abstraction。 [句意翻译]　当实验者从提出简单任务——比如识别阅读材料中的主要观点，转向需要思维抽象的任务——例如从文本中推断信息时，纸质阅读的优势尤为明显。 2.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读D)She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic，making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which，by the close，will make you feel almost as smart as AI. [句式分析]　本句为复合句。句子主干是She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic；making for...as AI是动词-ing形式短语作结果状语，其中包含两个which引导的定语从句，都修饰先行词 guide。 [句意翻译]　她从商业人士的实际角度进行写作，而非学术角度，这使得她的指南既易于理解又富有信息，最终读完后，你会感觉自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明。 复习长句 Ⅰ.核心词汇练全 accuse vt.控告；控诉；谴责 (教材原句)There was a huge debate about whether the reporter should be accused of... 关于这名记者是否应该被指控(有罪)……人们进行了激烈的辩论。 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)The lawyer argued that the accusation(accuse)against his client was completely unfounded. (2)The company accused the competitor of unfair business practices and filed a lawsuit. 学生用书⬇第103页 (3)邻居们指责他是个捣乱者，经常在深夜制造噪音。 The neighbors accused him as a troublemaker who caused constant noise late at night. (1)accuse sb of (doing) sth＝charge sb with (doing) sth　控告/指责某人(做了)某事 accuse sb as... 控告某人为…… (2)accusation n. 控告；谴责 dedicate vt.把……奉献给 (教材原句)dedicated his life to research on seeds一生致力于种子研究 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)His dedication (dedicate)to the cause of environmental protection is truly inspiring. (2)Mary is a dedicated (dedicate)teacher who always puts his students’ needs first. (3)The new park is dedicated to the memory of the city’s founders. (4)她致力于帮助社区里的无家可归者。 She dedicated herself to helping the homeless in her community. (5)他把他的书奉献给父母，以感谢他们的无尽支持。 He dedicated his book to his parents for their endless support. (1)dedicate sth to... 把某物奉献给…… dedicate oneself to doing sth 献身/致力于做某事 (2)dedicated adj. 专心致志的；献身的；一心一意的 be dedicated to... 献给…… (3)dedication n. 奉献；献身 Ⅱ.典型句式讲透 句型公式： the first time引导时间状语从句 (教材原句)The first time I observed the process of water being split into oxygen and hydrogen，I was deeply attracted by the charm of chemistry.我第一次观察水被分解成氧气和氢气的过程时，就被化学的魅力深深地吸引了。 完成句子 (1)下次你去商店时，能顺便买点牛奶吗？ Next time you go to the store，could you pick up some milk？ (2)第一次站在那么多观众面前，他感到紧张。 He felt nervous the first time he stood in front of so many people. (3)上次我们拜访这个城市时，天气非常恶劣，我们差点错过了航班。 The last time we visited this city，the weather was terrible，and we almost missed our flight. (4)每次她发言时，大家都会认真听她的意见。 Every time she speaks，people listen carefully to her opinions. (1)the first time 在句中可以起到连词的作用，引导时间状语从句，表示“第一次……” (2)类似的还有：the last time最后一次；next time下次；every/each time每一次 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $