Unit 5 Section Ⅱ Discover useful structures-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（人教版）

本讲义聚焦定语从句复习，从感知唐诗短文中的实例入手，系统梳理关系代词（who/whom/which/that/whose/as）、关系副词（when/where/why）的用法，区分限制性与非限制性定语从句，构建“感知-归纳-应用”的学习支架。 该资料以唐诗为语境融合文化意识，通过“我的发现”引导自主归纳提升思维品质，“巧学活用”结合高考真题强化语言能力。课中助力教师分层教学，课后通过词汇拓展与语法练习帮助学生查漏补缺，培养终身学习习惯。

Section Ⅱ　Discover useful structures ——复习定语从句 阅读以下短文，感知黑体部分，并完成练习。 语法串烧 我的发现 　　Tang poetry ①which is a treasure of Chinese culture reached its peak during the Tang Dynasty.This period ②when art and literature thrived is often called China's “Golden Age”. Poets like Li Bai，③who is known as the “Immortal Poet”， wrote about nature and freedom.Du Fu，④whose works reflect the struggles of his time，is another famous poet.The themes of Tang poetry，⑤which range from love to war，connect deeply with readers.Chang'an ⑥where many poets gathered was the cultural heart of the era.The reason ⑦why Tang poetry remains beloved is its timeless beauty.Its words ⑧that touch the soul continue to inspire the world. 1.加黑处均为关系词引导的定语从句。 加黑处③④⑤为非限制性定语从句，加黑处①②⑥⑦⑧为限制性定语从句。 2．加黑处①③④⑤⑧为关系代词引导的定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语或宾语或定语。 3．加黑处②⑥⑦为关系副词引导的定语从句，在从句中作状语。 语法知识精讲 定语从句 定语从句是用来修饰某一名词或代词的从句。定语从句一般置于被修饰的词之后，且有引导词引导。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 1．关系代词的基本用法 关系代词 先行词 在从句中充当的成分 who 人 主、宾、表 whom 人 宾 which 物 主、宾、表 that 人或物 主、宾、表 as 人或物 主、宾、表 whose 人或物 定 The old man (who/whom/that) we visited yesterday is a famous artist. 我们昨天拜访的那位老人是位著名的艺术家。 Miss Wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing. 王小姐正在照顾那个父母去了北京的小孩。 This is the textbook (that/which) he is looking for. 这就是他正在找的课本。 ◎巧学活用1——用关系代词填空 ①(2024·浙江1月卷)Of course，shops are not charities—they price goods in the way that/which will make them the most money. ②Mr.Smith，whose son is my classmate，is a famous scientist. ③True friends are those who/that are always there when you need them. ④The man who/that saved the child is a firefighter. 2．关系代词使用时的注意事项 (1)who可取代whom在从句中作动词的宾语，也可省略。直接跟在介词后面作宾语时，只能用whom，且不能省略。 学生用书第102页 They are looking for the patient on whom doctors have just performed an operation. 他们正在寻找医生刚刚给做过手术的那位病人。 (2)whose既表示人又表示物，在从句中作定语，往往修饰名词，whose常表达“某人的，某物的”之意。whose表示物时，whose＋名词＝the＋名词＋of which。 Please pass me the book whose cover(＝the cover of which) is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 (3)指物时用that而不用which的情况 ①当先行词为all，everything，nothing，anything，something，none，few，little，much等不定代词时。 All (that) the graduate lacks is practice. 那位毕业生缺少的只是实践。 ②当先行词被very，both，the only，all，every，no，any，little，much，some修饰时。 This is the only coat that I have. 这是我拥有的唯一的外套。 ③当先行词被形容词的最高级修饰或序数词修饰时。 This is the most attractive match that I have watched. 这是我所看过的最吸引人的一场比赛。 ④当并列的两个先行词(分别表示人和物时)被同一个从句修饰时，关系代词用that。 She took photos of people and things (that) she was interested in. 她给她所感兴趣的人和物拍照。 ⑤主句是以who，which，what开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句一般用that引导，不用who或which。 Who was the person that helped the girl out? 帮助那个女孩摆脱困境的人是谁？ (4)在下列情况下只用which而不用that ①当先行词表示事物意义，并且在从句中作介词的宾语，那么就只能用which。 The world in which we live is made of matter. 我们所生活的世界是由物质组成的。 ②在非限制性定语从句中，当关系词表示事物意义时，只能用which。 The sun heats the earth，which makes it possible for plants to grow. 太阳给予大地热量，这就使得植物的生长成为可能。 (5)用as引导限制性定语从句的情况 ①such＋名词＋as...“像……一样的……” Do you have such books as we like? 你有我们喜欢的那种书吗？ ②the same＋名词＋as...“和……同样……” He is the same person as we wanted to find yesterday. 他就是我们昨天要找的人。 ③as＋形容词＋名词＋as...“像……一样的……” She is as kind a woman as you could ever meet. 她是你所能见到的最善良的女人。 ◎巧学活用2——用关系代词填空 ①I visited the museum in which the most famous paintings from the Renaissance era are displayed. ②We should appreciate the persons and things that help us grow and achieve success in life. ③She gave a presentation，which was well-received by the audience and praised for its clarity. ④The most important thing that we need to focus on is improving our communication skills. ⑤Who are the students that need extra support in this course? ⑥I have the same magazine as you bought just now. 学生用书第103页 3．关系副词的基本用法 关系副词when，why，where在定语从句中分别代替表示时间、原因、地点的先行词，并分别在从句中作时间、原因、地点状语。另外关系副词也可根据其在句中的搭配关系，转换成“介词＋关系代词”的结构。 关系副词 被代替的先行词 在从句中的作用 when 表示时间的名词 时间状语 where 表示地点的名词 地点状语 why 表示原因的名词 (只用reason) 原因状语 We don't know the exact time when the English Evening will be held. 我们不知道英语晚会举行的确切时间。(时间状语) Beijing is the place where I was born. 北京是我的出生地。(地点状语) Is this the reason why he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的原因吗？(原因状语) ◎巧学活用3——用适当的关系词填空 ①(2023·全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins，borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables. ②There was a time when people used horses for transportation. ③His hard work is the reason why he succeeded in the exam. 4．关系副词使用时的注意事项 (1)表示抽象地点的名词(case，scene，situation，condition，life，point等)作先行词，且从句中缺少地点状语时，常用关系副词where引导定语从句。 There are cases where the word “mighty” is used as an adverb. 在一些情况下，mighty一词可用作副词。 (2)occasion等作先行词时，且从句中缺少时间状语，常用关系副词when。 There are occasions when one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。(时间状语) (3)当先行词为表示方式的the way时，从句不能用how来引导，应该用that或in which，或省略不用。 We admire the way(that/in which) he solved the problem. 我们敬佩他解决这一问题的方式。 ◎巧学活用4——用适当的关系词填空 ①There was an occasion when we celebrated his success with a big party. ②The way in which he explained the concept made it easy to understand. ③We arrived at the point where we could no longer ignore the issue. ④This is the case where careful planning leads to the best results. 5．“介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句 (1)“介词＋关系代词”结构引导定语从句时，关系代词只能用which(指物)或whom(指人)，即介词＋which/whom，并且不能省略。 I took a photo of the students，among whom sat a teacher. 我给这些学生拍了一张照片，他们中间坐着一位老师。 (2)“介词＋关系代词(which/whom)”中介词的选择：一先，二动，三意义。 ①“一先”，即根据先行词来确定介词。 The factory in which I'm working mainly produces computers. 我工作所在的工厂主要生产电脑。 (in which代替in the factory，“在工厂里”用介词in。) ②“二动”，即根据定语从句中的谓语动词来确定介词。 In the dark street there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help. 在漆黑的街道上她没有一个人可以求助。 (to whom代替to a person；turn to sb for help“向某人求助”。) 学生用书第104页 ③“三意义”，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。 In the office I never seem to have time until 5：30 p.m.，by which time many people have gone home. 在办公室里，我要到下午5：30之后才能有时间，到那时，许多人已经回家了。 (3)介词前有时加名词、数词、不定代词等，构成“名词/数词/不定代词＋of which/whom”结构，在定语从句中作主语。 English is a language shared by several diverse cultures，each of which uses it differently. 英语是一种多元文化共享的语言，每一种文化使用它的方式各不相同。 I collected some books，the covers of which(＝whose covers/of which the covers) are yellow with years. 我收藏了一些书，它们的封面因年代久远都变黄了。 (4)“复合介词＋which”引导的定语从句，常用逗号与先行词隔开，而且定语从句常用倒装语序。 He lived in a big house，in front of which stood a big tall tree. 他住在一幢大房子里，房前有一棵高大的树。 ◎巧学活用5——单句语法填空 ①The museum，from which we learned a lot，is a popular tourist attraction. ②Water is essential，without which no living thing can survive. ③The forest，through which we hiked，was filled with ancient trees. ④The twins，both of whom are talented musicians，performed at the concert. ⑤The author，with whom I am familiar，wrote many best-selling novels. ⑥He received several job offers，none of which matched his career goals. 核心词汇练全 blank adj.空白的；无图画(或韵律、装饰)的；没表情的 n．空白；空格 (教材原句)Blank verse is probably one of the most common and influential forms of English poetry. 无韵体诗可能是最常见、最有影响的英文诗歌形式之一。 go blank　　　 (头脑)突然一片空白 a blank look 茫然的表情；面无表情 fill in the blanks 填空　　 单句语法填空/读后续写之神情描写 (1)Please fill in the blanks on the form with your personal information. (2)When asked about the incident，his mind went (go) blank and he couldn't respond. (3)她给了我一个茫然的眼神，好像完全不知道我在说什么。 She gave me a blank look，as if she had no idea what I was talking about. sympathetic adj.同情的；有同情心的；赞同的 (教材原句)In these poems the poet Tagore shows a sympathetic understanding of children's feelings. 在这些诗歌中，诗人泰戈尔对儿童的情感表现出同情的理解。 学生用书第105页 (1)be sympathetic to/towards/with...　 赞同/同情…… (2)sympathy n. 同情；赞同 feel/have sympathy for sb 同情某人 with sympathy 同情地 out of sympathy 出于同情 in sympathy with 赞同；支持 (3)sympathetically adv. 同情地；有同情心地；赞同地　　 单句语法填空/读后续写之人物描写 (1)She spoke sympathetically (sympathy) about the challenges he faced during his recovery process. (2)I feel deep sympathy for the families affected by the natural disaster. (3)She was always sympathetic to those who struggled with their personal issues. (4)He looked at me with sympathy，knowing I was going through a tough time. (5)The community stood in sympathy with the victims of the terrible earthquake. (6)出于对患病儿童的同情，他捐了钱。 He donated money out of sympathy for the children suffering from the disease. correspondence n．来往信件；通信联系 (教材原句)Browning fell in love with her poetry and then they entered into personal correspondence. 布朗宁爱上了她的诗，然后他们就开始私人通信了。 (1)in correspondence with　 与……有通信联系；与……一致 (2)correspond vi. 相一致；符合；相当于；通信 correspond with sb 与某人通信 correspond with/to... 与……一致/相符　　 单句语法填空/一句多译 (1)The company is in correspondence with their clients to finalize the contract details. (2)I regularly correspond with my colleagues overseas about the latest project developments. (3)Your account of events does not correspond to hers. (4)只有当你言行一致时，你才能和别人相处融洽。 →Only when what you do is in correspondence with what you say can you get along well with others.(correspondence) →Only when what you do corresponds with/to what you say can you get along well with others.(correspond) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $