Unit 4 Section Ⅰ Reading and thinking-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（人教版）

本高中英语讲义围绕“人与自我——逆境与勇气”主题，构建“导入-阅读-巩固”学习支架。Pre-reading通过问题激活南极探险背景知识，While-reading从主旨、结构、细节三层深入文本分析，Post-reading聚焦难句解构、写作佳句及语法填空，系统巩固语言知识。 资料以日记文本为载体，通过情感变化分析（如三则日记的兴奋、绝望到希望）培养思维品质，结合核心词汇拓展与句型练习提升语言能力。课中助力教师引导学生深度解读文本，课后可作为学生词汇、语法查漏补缺的工具，强化学习能力。

主题语境：人与自我——逆境与勇气 单元目标速览 单元话题导入 学生用书第73页 Section Ⅰ　Reading and thinking Step 1　Pre-reading 1．What are the difficulties of human exploration in Antarctica? 2．What other difficulties do you know about? Human exploration in Antarctica faces challenges like food shortage，health risks，and environmental preservation concerns. 3．What kind of person is likely to successfully explore Antarctica? Strong-willed，healthy，ambitious，brave，selfless，optimistic，etc. Step 2　While-reading Ⅰ.Read for the main idea 1．What does the passage mainly tell us? A．A successful Antarctic expedition. B．A young man's adventurous journey. C．Survival struggles on Elephant Island. D．Shackleton's leadership and teamwork. 答案：B 2．Match the main idea with each diary. Diary 1　A．Endurance was trapped in ice and survival become difficult. Diary 2 　B．The crew members' struggle on Elephant Island. Diary 3 C．Perce joined Shackleton's expedition secretly despite rejection. 答案：Diaries 1－3　CAB Ⅱ.Read for the structure Ⅲ.Read for details 1．What motivated Perce Blackborow to join the expedition? A．The desire for fame and fortune. B．His lifelong dream of adventure. C．Shackleton's personal invitation. D．The promise of a very steady job. 2．How did Shackleton feel when Endurance sank? A．Panic. B．Surprised. C．Calm. D．Unconcerned. 3．How did Shackleton keep the spirit of the crew high? A．By allowing everyone to create music. B．By offering extra food to the crew. C．By encouraging laughter and jokes. D．By allowing a man to keep his banjo. 4．What kind of people are Frank and Shackleton? A．Selfish and bad-tempered. B．Caring and strong-willed. C．Creative and responsible. D．Adventurous and adaptable. 5．What are the feelings of the author in the three diary entries? In the first entry：excited and determined In the second entry：fear and despair In the third entry：hope and longing 答案：1－4　BCDB Step 3　Post-reading Ⅰ.难句解构 1．Shackleton was one of the most famous explorers of his day and it was considered a great honour to be part of his expeditions. 学生用书第74页 [句式分析]　本句是并列句。 句子it was considered a great honour to be part of his expeditions中it作形式主语，to be part of his expeditions是动词不定式短语作真正的主语。 [句意翻译]　沙克尔顿是他那个时代最著名的探险家之一，参加他的探险活动被认为是一种极大的荣耀。 2．However，when I applied to join the expedition，Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn't qualified. [句式分析]　本句是复合句。when引导时间状语从句；because引导原因状语从句，其中I was too young and wasn't qualified是宾语从句，省略了连接词that。 [句意翻译]　然而，当我申请加入这次探险时，沙克尔顿拒绝了我，因为他认为我太年轻，不具备资格。 3．But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his ship，the Endurance，and hid in a small cupboard. [句式分析]　本句是复合句。句中使用了so...that...引导的结果状语从句，其中and并列两个谓语动词went和hid；the Endurance作his ship的同位语，补充说明船的名字。 [句意翻译]　但是，满怀着想要与他们同赴南极的热情，我偷偷地爬上了他的“坚忍”号轮船，躲在一个小橱柜里。 Ⅱ.写作佳句 1．句型　to one's surprise... 教材原句　But to our surprise，he allowed Hussey to keep his banjo. ①令她惊讶的是，考试成绩比预期要好得多。 To her surprise，the test results were much better than expected. ②令他们惊讶的是，尽管处于劣势，他们还是赢得了冠军。 To their surprise，the team won the championship despite being the underdogs. 2．句型　as...as 教材原句　How could I become as selfish and bad-tempered as Thomas Orde-Lees! ①她收到礼物时兴奋得像圣诞早晨的孩子一样。 She was as excited as a child on Christmas morning when she received her gift. ②他感到孤独得像一本被遗忘的书，被放在书架上，积满了灰尘。 He felt as lonely as a forgotten book，left on the shelf，gathering dust. Ⅲ.课文语法填空 　　Perce Blackborow had been dreaming of a wonderful adventure，so he didn't give up when Sir Ernest Shackleton turned 1.down his request to join the expedition.Perce secretly hid in a cupboard，only 2.to be found (find)after they set off.He felt fortunate and happy when he 3.was assigned (assign) as a steward instead of being sent back home. 　　It was a tough journey.The ship got 4.stuck (stick) in the ice as they approached Antarctica and they had to abandon the ship.Under the guidance of Sir Ernest，they 5.threw (throw) away nearly everything except necessities and a banjo，6.which kept their spirits up during the journey.7.Finally (final) Sir Ernest left for South Georgia Island to find help.The desperate situation made young Perce Blackborow feel down and become bad-tempered.It was 8.the genuine encouragement and concern from Frank Wild that cheered him up.Frank and Ernest's resolve and 9.perseverance (persevere) filled him with hope.Realizing that he shouldn't become selfish just because of the adversity they were faced with，he learned to be optimistic and 10.determined(determine). 学生用书第75页 ◎核心单词——练通 1．small wages　　　　　　　　 微薄的工资 2．bitter cold 严寒 3．join an expedition 参加探险 4．go aboard the ship 登上轮船 5．get crushed by the ice 被冰毁坏 6．our hearts sink 我们的心下沉 7．clothes and blankets 衣服和毯子 8．a dangerous voyage 一次危险的航行 9．the navy in the world 世界上的海军 10．decent food 相当不错的食物 11．selfish and bad-tempered 自私和脾气坏 12．the crew members 全体船员 ◎拓展单词——用活 1．endurance n．忍耐力；耐久力→endure vt.忍耐；忍受 2．qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→qualification n．资格；限定条件 3．enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的→enthusiastically adv.热心地→enthusiasm n．热心；热情 4．assign vt.分派；布置；分配→assignment n．(分派的)工作，任务 5．envy n．& vt.羡慕；妒忌 →envious adj.羡慕的；妒忌的→enviously adv.羡慕地；妒忌地 6．abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃→abandoned adj.被抛弃的；不羁的 7．belongings n．[pl.] 财物；动产→belong vi.应在(某处) 8．miserable adj.痛苦的；令人难受的→misery n．痛苦；悲惨；不幸的事 9．perseverance n．毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神→persevere vi.坚持；孜孜以求 10．resolve vi.&vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n．决心；坚定的信念→resolution n．决议；解决；坚定 ◎阅读单词——识记 1．hide in a small cupboard　　 躲在一个小橱柜里 2．an air steward 一名空中乘务员 3．gas stove 煤气炉 4．adversity and courage 逆境和勇气 5．full of vigour 精力充沛 6．show remarkable endurance 展现出非凡的忍耐力 7．a cosy bedroom 舒适的卧室 ◎重点短语——再现 第一组　汉译英 1．拒绝(某人)　　　　　　　 turn sb down 2．对……热情 be enthusiastic about 3．出发；引起；动身；使爆炸 set off 4．困住；陷于 be/become stuck in 5．坚持 hold on 第二组　英译汉 6．well and truly 完全地，彻底地 7．go from bad to worse 每况愈下；越来越糟 8．make it 幸免于难；获得成功；准时到达；能够出席(或到场) 9．after all 毕竟，终究 ◎典型句式——默背 根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子 1．句型公式　完全倒装结构 教材原句　Below are some of Blackborow's diary entries(以下是布莱克博罗的几篇日记摘录). 2．句型公式　so...that...“如此……以至于……” 教材原句　But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that (满怀着想要与他们同去的热情以至于) I secretly went aboard his ship，the Endurance，and hid in a small cupboard. 3．句型公式　too...to...“太……而不能……” 教材原句　Soon after we arrived，Shackleton left us to find help on South Georgia Island，1，320 kilometres away—the voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make it(对于我们所有人而言太危险、太艰难了而无法到达) in our small boats. 学生用书第76页 Ⅰ.核心词汇练全 turn sb down 拒绝(某人) (教材原句)However，when I applied to join the expedition，Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn't qualified. 然而，当我申请参加这次探险时，沙克尔顿却拒绝了我，因为他认为我太年轻，不具备资格。 turn to　　求助于；致力于；翻到(书的某页)；查阅；转向；从事于 turn out 结果是；证明是 turn up 开大，调高；出现；露面 turn over 翻过来；移交　　 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)The weather turned out to be perfect for our outdoor picnic，and everyone had a great time. (2)After waiting for hours，she finally turned up at the café，apologizing for being late. (3)I had to turn down the invitation to the party because I already had other plans. (4)当面临学校生活中的挑战时，你最好向老师寻求指导和支持。 When faced with challenges in school life，you'd better turn to your teacher for guidance and support． qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等) (1)be qualified for sth 有资格获得某物 be qualified to do sth 有资格做某事 (2)qualify vt.&vi. (使)具备资格；(使)合格 qualify sb to do sth 使某人有资格做某事 (3)qualification n. 资格；资历；学历　　 单句语法填空/应用文写作之申请信 (1)He is qualified to teach (teach) English at the university level after completing his PhD. (2)Having a master's degree in computer science is a valuable qualification(qualify) in the tech industry. (3)She is qualified for the manager position due to her experience in the industry. (4)该培训项目将使我具备作为软件工程师工作的资格。 The training program qualified me to work as a software engineer. enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的 (教材原句)But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his ship，the Endurance，and hid in a small cupboard. 但是，满怀着想要与他们同赴南极的热情，我偷偷地爬上了他的“坚忍”号轮船，躲在一个小橱柜里。 (1)be enthusiastic about　 对……充满热情 be enthusiastic to do sth 做某事很热情 (2)enthusiasm n. 热情；热心 with enthusiasm＝enthusiastically 热情地　　 单句语法填空/读后续写之情感描写 (1)He is enthusiastic to start(start) his new job and meet his new colleagues. (2)She is enthusiastic about learning new languages and practices every day. (3)The students listened with enthusiasm (enthusiastic) as the teacher explained the new topic. 学生用书第77页 (4)她帮助他人的热情激励了她周围的每一个人。 Her enthusiasm for helping others inspired everyone around her. (5)球队在进了制胜球后热情地欢呼。 The team cheered enthusiastically after scoring the winning goal. aboard adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等) (1)go aboard the bus/train/ship/plane 上公共汽车/火车/轮船/飞机 (2)board n. 板 v. 让乘客登机(或上船等) on board 在船/火车/飞机上 (3)abroad adv. 在国外；到海外 adj. 往国外的 both at home and abroad 国内外　　 选词填空/单句语法填空/读后续写之感情描写 (1)Passengers can board the plane starting at 8 AM.(abroad/board/aboard) (2)She is studying abroad in England for the next year.(abroad/board/aboard) (3)The passengers were aboard when the train left the station.(abroad/board/aboard) (4)The company's products are popular both at home and abroad. (5)We were all on board the ship when the announcement was made. (6)我们很高兴能登上火车开始期待已久的假期。 We were excited to go aboard the train for our long-awaited vacation. assign vt.分派；布置；分配 (教材原句)He assigned me to be a steward，and I now serve meals for twenty-eight men，three times a day. 他指派我担任服务员，我现在为28名船员供应一日三餐。 (1)assign sb sth＝assign sth to sb 把某物分配给某人 assign sb to do sth 指派某人做某事 (2)assignment n. (分派的)工作，任务　　 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)The teacher assigned the students to write(write) an essay on global warming. (2)The assignment (assign) was challenging，but it helped me learn a lot. (3)她被分配到了公司中的一个新职位，负责监督市场部门。 She was assigned a new role in the company to oversee the marketing department. envy n．&vt.羡慕；妒忌 (教材原句)How everyone will envy me when I come back and tell them about the amazing places I have been to！当我回来告诉他们我去过的那些神奇的地方，大家该会多么羡慕我啊！ (1)envy sb (doing) sth　 羡慕/妒忌某人(做)某事 (2)be the envy of 成为……羡慕/妒忌的对象 out of envy 出于羡慕/妒忌 with envy 羡慕地；妒忌地 green with envy 妒忌地眼红；十分羡慕/妒忌 (3)envious adj. 羡慕的；妒忌的　　 单句语法填空/读后续写之情感描写 (1)His new sports car makes him the envy of everyone at the company every single day. (2)When I saw his amazing art project，I was green with envy at his talent. (3)She lied about her achievements out of envy for her classmate's success in sports. 学生用书第78页 (4)She envies her friend traveling (travel) around the world and experiencing different cultures. (5)She felt envious (envy)when her co-worker received the promotion she had worked so hard for. (6)我羡慕地看着她那条漂亮的裙子，真希望我也能买得起类似的。 I looked at her beautiful dress with envy，wishing I could afford something similar. abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃 (教材原句)Before we abandoned the ship，Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential supplies—the small boats，our food，the cook stove，candles，clothes，and blankets.在我们弃船之前，沙克尔顿镇定地把大家召集在一起，告诉我们要抢救最需要的供给品——小船、食物、炊具、蜡烛、衣服和毯子。 (1)abandon oneself to...　　 沉溺于……，纵情于…… abandon doing sth 放弃做某事 (2)with abandon 放纵地，尽情地 (3)abandoned adj. 被遗弃的；放纵的 be abandoned to (doing)＝abandon oneself to (doing) 沉湎于……　　 单句语法填空/句型转换 (1)They danced with abandon at the party，completely lost in the music and joy. (2)The old houses were abandoned (abandon) after the new highway was built. (3)She decided to abandon studying(study) law and pursue her passion for art instead. (4)I abandoned myself to computer games.I performed extremely badly in the examination. →Abandoning myself to computer games，I performed extremely badly in the examination. (用动词-ing形式短语作状语改写) →Abandoned to computer games，I performed extremely badly in the examination.(用动词-ed形式短语作状语改写) belongings n．[pl.]财物；动产 (教材原句)We were not allowed to take most of our personal belongings，and Shackleton himself threw away all his gold.我们绝大部分的个人物品都被禁止携带，沙克尔顿自己则扔掉了他所有的黄金。 (1)belonging n.　 归属感 a sense of belonging 归属感 personal belongings 私人财物 (2)belong vi. 应在(某处) belong to 属于……；是……的成员(不用于进行时态和被动语态)　　 单句语法填空/读后续写之主旨升华 (1)She packed her personal belongings (belong) carefully before moving to the new house. (2)He felt a deep sense of belonging(belong) when he joined the new community and made friends. (3)成功属于那些有决心、有信心、有毅力的人。 Success belongs to those who have determination，confidence and perseverance. 学生用书第79页 resolve vi.&vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n．决心；坚定的信念 (教材原句)Their genuine concern for others，their perseverance，and their resolve fill me with hope. 他们对他人的真诚关怀、他们的毅力以及坚定的信念，让我充满了希望。 (1)resolve to do sth　 决定做某事 resolve on 决定/决心…… (2)resolution n. 决议；解决；坚定　　 单句语法填空/读后续写之细节描写 (1)After much thought，he resolved to quit(quit) his job and travel the world. (2)At the start of the year，many people make a resolution(resolve) to exercise more regularly. (3)在看到父亲作为医生如何帮助他人后，她决心成为一名医生。 She resolved on becoming a doctor after seeing how her father helped others as a physician. Ⅱ.典型句式讲透 句型公式：完全倒装结构 (教材原句)Below are some of Blackborow's diary entries. 以下是布莱克博罗的几篇日记摘录。 (1)当表语是分词、副词、形容词、介词短语，而主语比较长且主语是名词时，为了保持句子平衡或强调表语，常把表语置于句首，引起句子完全倒装。句型结构为“分词/副词/形容词/介词短语＋be＋主语”。 (2)表示处所、时间、方位等的副词如 here、 there、 now、 then、 up、 down、 in、 out、 off 等或介词(短语)放在句首，而主语是名词，且谓语动词是be、 lie、 sit、 stand、 come、 go、 exist、 live、 rush等不及物动词时，句子用完全倒装。 (3)there be句型也属于一种完全倒装。该句型中的be可以替换成表示“存在”的动词，如live、 exist、 lie、 stand、 seem、 rise、 remain、 happen、 come、 go等。句型结构为“there＋存在类动词＋主语”。　　 补全句子/句型转换 (1)Hidden in the forest was (隐藏在森林中的是) an ancient ruin. (2)At the top of the hill stands (山顶上矗立着的是) an ancient temple. (3)There exist many unsolved mysteries (存在着许多未解之谜) in the world. (4)A young man with a book in his hand is sitting by the window. →By the window is sitting a young man with a book in his hand. 句型公式：too...to...“太……而不能……” (教材原句)Soon after we arrived，Shackleton left us to find help on South Georgia Island，1，320 kilometres away—the voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make it in our small boats.我们来到此处不久之后，沙克尔顿就离开我们，前往1 320公里之外的南乔治亚岛寻求帮助——这一航行对于我们所有人而言太危险、太艰难了，乘坐小船肯定无法每个人都到达。 (1)too＋形容词/副词(for sb)＋to do sth表示否定意义，意为“太……而不能……”。 (2)当too...to...用来修饰表达人的态度、情绪倾向的形容词，如anxious、 eager、 glad、 happy、 pleased、 ready、 willing等时，动词不定式表示肯定意义。 (3)can't/can never...too...意为“再怎么……也不过分”。　　 补全句子/应用文写作之祝贺信 (1)You can't be too careful (再怎么小心也不为过) when crossing the busy street. (2)She was too tired to finish her homework (太累了而没能完成她的作业) last night. (3)我非常高兴听说你成功通过了考试。 I am too glad to hear that you passed the exam successfully. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $