Unit 6 Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas—Reading comprehension-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（外研版）

本讲义聚焦“人与自我——探索宇宙奥秘”主题，围绕《The Call of the Challenger》文本，系统梳理从阿姆斯特朗登月到“挑战者”号失事及后续探索的太空探索历程。通过Pre-reading激活背景知识，While-reading以主旨题、段落匹配、结构分析、细节题分层搭建阅读支架，Post-reading结合难句解构、佳句仿写及思维问题深化理解。 该资料亮点在于融合语言能力、思维品质与文化意识培养。语言能力方面，通过长难句翻译（如登月场景描述）和情绪描写仿写提升表达；思维品质上，设置批判性思维（事件前后情感变化）和创造性思维（太空探索意愿及原因）问题；文化意识通过太空英雄事迹渗透探索精神。课中分层阅读活动助力教师引导学生深入文本，课后词汇表及知识点总结帮助学生查漏补缺。

主题语境：人与自我——探索宇宙奥秘 单元目标速览 单元话题导入 学生用书第152页 Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas—Reading comprehension Step One：Pre-reading What do you know about space exploration? Students’ own answers. Step Two：While-reading Ⅰ.Read for the main idea What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Men’s first landing on the Moon. B．The tragedy of the Challenger. C．A brave teacher. D．Men’s first space exploration. 答案：B Ⅱ.Match the main idea with each paragraph Para.1 A．The failure of the Challenger encouraged us to continue exploring space. Para.2 B．An overview of Armstrong’s mission to the Moon. Para.3 C．An introduction to the launch of the Challenger and its purpose. Para.4 D．The investigation into the Challenger crash and the successful launch of Discovery. Para.5 E．The Challenger mission ended in failure. Para.6 F．A student describes how the Challenger crashed. 答案：Paras.1－6　BCEFDA Ⅲ.Read for the structure Ⅳ.Read for details 1．When was the Challenger space shuttle sent into space? A．On 20th July 1969. B．On 28th July 1986. C．On 29th September 1988. D．On 28th January 1986. 2．Why did so many people tune in to witness the take off of the Challenger? A．The government spent a large amount of money on the programme. B．It would land on the Moon again. C．A teacher would give her lessons from orbit. D．It was guided by the most advanced computer. 学生用书第153页 3．What was people’s attitude towards space programme when the Challenger space shuttle took off? A．Arduous. B．Fairly safe. C．Hazardous. D．Rather dangerous. 4．Why did the people around the world feel shocked after the Challenger exploded? A．The Challenger had never failed before. B．The Challenger was the safest space shuttle at that time. C．That flight was generally thought to be safer than in an aeroplane. D．Travelling in a shuttle was generally thought to be as safe as travelling in an aeroplane. 答案：1－4　DCBD Step Three：Post-reading Ⅰ.难句解构 1． [尝试翻译] 　数百万人坐在黑白电视机前观看首次登月，为此激动得心都跳到了嗓子眼儿，因为大家都明白这是一项多么艰难、多么危险的任务，许多地方都可能出现问题。 2． [尝试翻译] 　“挑战者”号失事至今已有30多年了。虽然“挑战者”号的机组人员英年早逝，但他们与加加林、捷列什科娃、阿姆斯特朗和杨利伟等进行太空探索的英雄们一道，都在历史上占有一席之地。 Ⅱ.佳句仿写 教材佳句　Instantaneously，excitement and optimism turned into terror and failure.(情绪描写) 学后仿写　恐慌取代了谨慎的乐观，也取代了我最后的自信。 Panic replaced cautious optimism along with my last self-confidence. Ⅲ.品质升华 1．What were people’s feelings before and after the Challenger disaster？(Critical Thinking批判性思维) Before the disaster people felt optimistic and excited.And after the disaster people felt shocked and terrified. 2．Would you like to go into space？Give your reasons.(Creative Thinking创造性思维) In my view，humans are intelligent creatures，and therefore have a natural tendency to explore the unknown.Through the exploration of the universe，we can better understand the universe，understand the evolution of the universe，formation and so on. ◎ ①set foot on the Moon 登月 set foot on 进入，访问，参观(某地) ②become/get accustomed to (doing) sth习惯于(做)某事 [同义]be used to (doing) sth accustomed/ə'kʌstəmd/adj.习惯于 ③the notion of...……的观念/看法 notion/'nəʊʃ(ə)n/ n．概念；看法；观点 ④one’s heart in one’s mouth提心吊胆 ⑤arduous/'ɑːdjuəs/ adj. 艰苦的，艰难的 ⑥hazardous/'hæzədəs/ adj. 危险的，不安全的 ⑦undertaking/ˌʌndə'teɪkɪŋ/ n．(重大或艰巨的)任务，项目 ⑧go wrong 出现问题；发生故障 ⑨leap n．& vt.& vi. 跳跃 ⑩mission n．太空飞行任务 ⑪unexceptional/ˌʌnɪk'sepʃ(ə)nəl/ adj. 平常的 [单词拆解]un-(否定前缀，意为“不，非，反”)＋exception(n.例外)＋-al(后缀，意为“与……有关的”，常用于构成形容词)→unexceptional ⑫innovation/ˌɪnə'veɪʃn/ n．新发明；新思想，新方法 ⑬succeed each other 彼此接连出现 succeed [熟词生义] vt. 随后出现，接替 ⑭the space shuttle 航天飞机 ⑮excursion/ɪk'skɜːʃ(ə)n/ n．(有特定目的的)短途出行 ⑯tune in 收看(电视节目)，收听(收音机广播节目) ⑰witness/'wɪtnəs/ vt. 当场看到 ⑱civilian/sə'vɪliən/ n．平民，老百姓 ⑲demonstrate vt. 论证，说明 ⑳gravity n．重力，地球引力 ㉑objective n．目的，目标 the main/primary objective 主要/首要目标 meet/achieve one’s objectives 达到/实现某人的目标 ㉒communicate [熟词生义] vt.& vi.传达，传递(想法、感情、思想等) ㉓rekindle/riː'kɪndl/ v. 重新激起，重新唤起 rekindle interest/hopes 重新激发兴趣/点燃希望 ㉔tragically/'trædʒɪkli/ adv. 悲惨地，不幸地 tragic adj. 悲惨的，可悲的；悲剧的 ㉕go into shock 陷入震惊 ㉖assume vt. 认为，假定，假设 ㉗instantaneously/ˌɪnstən'teɪniəsli/adv. 瞬间地 ㉘terror n．惊恐，恐惧，惊骇 in terror 惊恐地 ㉙cast a shadow on 给……蒙上阴影 cast vt. 投射(光、影子等) shadow/'ʃædəʊ/ n．坏影响，阴影 ㉚a cloud of 一团 ㉛in mid-air 在半空中 ㉜scream/skriːm/ v．(因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等)尖声大叫 ㉝suspend/sə'spend/ v. 中止，暂停 ㉞component n．组成部分，部件 ㉟resume/rɪ'zjuːm/ vt.& vi. 重新开始，(中断后)继续 ㊱crew/kruː/ n. (飞机上的)全体机组人员 ㊲cut...short 提早结束……，中断…… ㊳take one’s place 得到应有的社会地位，名副其实 ㊴sacrifice n．牺牲，舍弃 vt. 牺牲 ㊵call to 向……喊 ◎ The Call of the Challenger 1 Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon①back on 20 July 1969，people have become accustomed to②the notion of③space travel.Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets，their hearts in their mouths④，aware of how arduous⑤and hazardous⑥an undertaking⑦it was，and of the many things that could go wrong⑧．【1】With Armstrong’s now famous words “That’s one small step for man，one giant leap⑨for mankind”， 学生用书第154页 what had once been considered impossible 【2】had now been achieved.Guided by a computer that was much less powerful than the ones used by today’s average school students 【3】，all three astronauts of the Apollo 11 mission⑩made it safely back to Earth. 【1】画线部分在句中作状语。其中how引导宾语从句，作第一个of的宾语；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the many things。 【2】what引导主语从句，what在从句中作主语。 【3】画线部分为过去分词短语作让步状语，其中that引导定语从句；much修饰形容词的比较级；“used by...students”为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰the ones。 2 Following the Moon landings，space travel rapidly became unexceptional⑪to the public，as innovations⑫succeeded each other⑬.【4】By the early 1980s，the great rockets previously used in the American space programme had been replaced by the space shuttle⑭.When the Challenger space shuttle took off on 28 January 1986，the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved.But this was going to be no ordinary excursion⑮，and millions of people tuned in⑯to witness⑰the take-off on TV.It was special because Christa McAuliffe aged 37，an ordinary teacher and mother，was about to become the first civilian⑱in space.She planned to give two 15-minute lessons from orbit：the first to demonstrate⑲the controls of the spacecraft and explain how gravity⑳worked，and the second to describe the objectives㉑of the Challenger programme．【5】Christa hoped to communicate㉒a sense of excitement and rekindle㉓interest in the space programme.With the eyes of students across the nation upon her，she might have inspired an entirely new generation of astronauts and space scientists. 【4】本句是主从复合句。“Following the Moon landings”为动词-ing形式短语作状语；as引导原因状语从句，as意为“因为，由于”。 【5】“to demonstrate...worked”和“to describe...programme”均为动词不定式短语作后置定语，分别修饰the first和the second。 学生用书第155页 3 Tragically㉔，she never returned to her classroom as the shuttle exploded just over a minute after taking off in Florida，and all seven astronauts on board were killed.The world went into shock㉕，most people having assumed㉖that this space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane．【6】How wrong they had been！Instantaneously㉗，excitement and optimism turned into terror㉘and failure.It was the most disastrous space accident ever，and it cast a shadow on㉙people’s hearts. 【6】本句是主从复合句。“most people having assumed...”为独立主格结构，在句中作状语，most people是其逻辑主语，其中that引导宾语从句。 4 “I can remember that day so clearly，watching the take-off on TV at school，”said one student.“There was an ordinary teacher on the Challenger，and we were all very excited.We didn’t have much patience waiting for the launch.We had seen the smiling faces of the astronauts waving to the world as they stepped into the shuttle.【7】Then，little more than a minute after take-off，we saw a strange red and orange light in the sky，followed by a cloud of㉚white smoke.The Challenger had exploded in mid-air㉛and we all started screaming㉜.” 【7】本句是主从复合句。as引导时间状语从句；“waving to the world”为动词-ing形式短语作后置定语，修饰the astronauts。 5 Following the shock of the Challenger disaster，space shuttle flights were suspended㉝for nearly three years while the cause of the disaster was investigated，and some of the shuttle’s components㉞were redesigned.But there was never any doubt that【8】manned flights would continue，and on 29 September 1988，the space shuttle programme resumed㉟with the successful launch of Discovery. 【8】“there is/was no doubt that...”句型，意为“毫无疑问……”。 6 It has now been over 30 years since the loss of Challenger and although the lives of its crew㊱were cut tragically short㊲，they take their place㊳alongside the other heroes of space exploration，such as Gagarin，Tereshkova，Armstrong and Yang Liwei.The memory of those seven will live forever，written in the stars，inspiring us to join 学生用书第156页 them in humanity’s greatest journey of exploration and discovery.The sacrifice㊴of the Challenger calls to㊵us，reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars，no matter how distant they might seem．【9】 【9】动词-ing形式结构作状语。其中that引导宾语从句，在从句中no matter how引导让步状语从句。 ◎ “挑战者”号的呼唤 1 自从1969年7月20日尼尔·阿姆斯特朗首次登月以来，人们已习惯于太空旅行这个概念。数百万人在黑白电视机前观看了首次登月，为此激动得心都跳到了嗓子眼儿，因为大家都明白这是一项多么艰难、多么危险的任务，许多地方都可能出现问题。伴随着阿姆斯特朗的那句名言——“这是个人的一小步，却是人类的一大步”，曾被认为是不可能的事情如今已经实现了。执行“阿波罗11”号任务的三位宇航员在一台计算机的指导下都安全返回地球，即便是这台计算机远不如当今普通学校的学生使用的计算机功能强大。 2 登月后，由于新事物接连出现，太空旅行迅速成为公众眼中的寻常之事。到20世纪80年代早期，美国太空计划中使用的大型火箭已被航天飞机所代替。当“挑战者”号航天飞机于1986年1月28日发射时，对于相关宇航员所获得的令人惊叹的成就，全世界似乎已经失去了新鲜感。然而这将是一次不普通的航行，数百万人打开电视，共同见证这次发射。这次航行的特殊之处在于一位37岁名为克丽斯塔·麦考利夫的普通教师兼母亲将会成为第一位到访太空的普通公民。她计划在“挑战者”号沿轨道运行时讲两节课，每节15分钟。第一节课要展示航天器的操控装置，并解释一下引力是如何发挥作用的；第二节课要讲述“挑战者”号太空计划的目的。克丽斯塔希望借此传达她的激动之情，重新燃起人们对太空计划的兴趣。当全国学生的目光都聚集在她身上时，她或许能激发他们成为新一代宇航员和太空科学家的理想。 3 令人悲痛的是，她再也没能回到她的课堂。航天飞机在佛罗里达州发射仅一分多钟后就发生了爆炸，机上七名宇航员全部牺牲。全世界都震惊了，因为大多数人本以为这次太空航行不会比乘飞机旅行更加危险，但是所有人都大错特错了！激动和乐观瞬间化为恐惧和挫败，这是有史以来最惨烈的航天事故，给人们心里蒙上了阴影。 4 一个学生回忆道：“我非常清楚地记得那天，我在学校通过电视观看发射场景。有位普通教师在‘挑战者’号上，我们都非常激动，迫不及待地等着发射。我们看到宇航员笑容满面，向世界挥手致意，步入航天飞机。然后，发射仅仅一分多钟后，我们就看到空中奇异的红色和橙色的光芒，紧接着是一大团白烟。‘挑战者’号在半空中爆炸了，我们都开始尖声大叫。” 5 “挑战者”号令人震惊的灾难发生后，航天飞机航行中止了近三年时间，同时调查事故原因，重新设计飞行器的部分零件。但是毫无疑问，载人飞行仍将继续。1988年9月29日，随着“发现”号的成功发射，航天飞机项目重新启动。 6 “挑战者”号失事至今已有30多年了。虽然“挑战者”号的机组人员英年早逝，但他们与加加林、捷列什科娃、阿姆斯特朗和杨利伟等进行太空探索的英雄们一道，都在历史上占有一席之地。他们七位的事迹将永存于世，被书写在漫天星辰中，激励我们加入他们，共同致力于人类最伟大的探索发现之旅。“挑战者”号的牺牲召唤着、提醒着我们，不管繁星看起来多么遥不可及，我们都要持之以恒地去探索。 学生用书第157页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $