Unit 5 Section Ⅱ Starting out & Understanding ideas—Language points-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（外研版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语语言知识，系统梳理核心单词（如grand canal）、拓展单词（词形转换，如civilisation→civilise→civilised）、阅读单词（如intrigued, pyramid）、重点短语（如correspond to, apply...to...）及典型句式（leave+宾补、whatever引导从句），通过语法规律（“-al”结尾名词）和核心词汇（bury, apply等）用法讲解，构建从基础识记到语境应用的学习支架。 该资料亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，通过词形转换、短语搭配、句式应用等多维度训练提升语言运用能力，结合读后续写实例（如bury的动作描写）培养思维逻辑性与创造性。课中帮助教师系统梳理知识脉络，课后通过单句练习和翻译实例辅助学生巩固，有效查漏补缺。

Section Ⅱ　Starting out & Understanding ideas—Language points ◎核心单词——练通 1．grand canal 大运河 2．the ruins of the ancient city 古城遗迹 ◎拓展单词——用活 1．civilisation n．文明(社会)→civilise v．使文明→civilised adj.文明的，开化的 2．bury v．将……埋在下面→burial n．埋葬 3．astronomy n．天文学→astronomer n．天文学家 4．abandon v．离弃，逃离→ abandoned adj.被遗弃的，被抛弃的→abandonment n．放弃 5．dismiss v．拒绝考虑，否定→ dismissal n．不予考虑，不予理会 6．expansion n．扩大；增加→expand v．扩大；增加 学生用书第129页 规律：“-al”结尾的名词 示例：dismiss v．拒绝考虑，否定→ dismissal n．不予考虑，不予理会 arrive v．到达→arrival n．到达 approve v．同意，赞成→approval n．同意，赞成 dispose v．处理→disposal n．处理 ◎阅读单词——识记 1．be intrigued by Maya civilisation 对玛雅文明感兴趣 2．food pyramid 食物金字塔 3．preserve the world’s tropical forests 保护全球热带雨林 4．tropical cyclone 热带气旋 5．the downfall of a country 一个国家的衰败 ◎重点短语——再现 第一组　汉译英 1．相当于，与……相符 correspond to 2．把……应用到……上 apply...to... 3．促成，导致 lead to 4．处理，应付 deal with 第二组　英译汉 5．on top of 除……之外 6．a combination of ……的结合(物) 7．at one’s peak 某人处于顶峰 8．fall into ruin 衰落 ◎典型句式——默背 根据课文语境及汉语提示完成句子 1．句型公式　leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语 教材原句　Meanwhile，the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past，present and future． 同时，玛雅文明的崛起与衰落必定也让我们思考自己的过去、现在与将来。 2．句型公式　whatever引导让步状语从句 教材原句　Whatever the reasons，Maya civilisation largely disappeared within the deep jungle. 无论原因如何，玛雅文明几乎消失在了丛林深处。 Ⅰ.核心词汇练全 bury v．将……埋在下面 (教材原句)Based on this，he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle. 据此，他相信自己发现了一座隐藏于丛林深处的未为人所知的玛雅城市的位置。 bury v. 掩埋；使沉浸；使专心 be buried in＝bury oneself in 埋头于；专心于 be buried in thought 沉思 bury one’s face in one’s hands 双手掩面 [名师点津]　表示“专心于；致力于”的表达还有： ①be devoted to　②be lost in ③be engaged in　④be absorbed in ⑤focus/concentrate on　⑥put one’s heart into ⑦apply oneself to,单句语法填空/一句多译 ①She is buried in writing(write) a book in the countryside. ②Once he buried himself (he) in something，he would close his ears to anything. ③那个小女孩双手掩面，大声地对全班同学叫道：“没人爱我。”(读后续写之动作＋语言描写) →That little girl buried her face in her hands and said loud enough for the class to hear，“Nobody loves me.” →Burying her face in her hands，that little girl said loud enough for the class to hear，“Nobody loves me.”(分词短语作状语) 学生用书第130页 apply...to...把……运用到…… (教材原句)They applied this understanding to the Maya calendar，which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year.他们把这种理解应用到玛雅历法中，精确到每年30秒以内。 (1)apply v. 申请；涂抹，敷；应用，使用 apply(to...)for (向……)申请 apply to do sth 申请去做某事 apply to 适用于(to为介词) apply oneself to 致力于，集中精力于 (2)application n． 请求；申请，申请表；应用 applicant n． 申请人 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I’d appreciate it if you could take my application (apply) into account at your convenience. ②What’s more，on condition that we could apply what we learn online to our daily life，online learning would be more meaningful. ③The job advertisement demands that any applicant (apply) must have three years’ experience. ④如果你想申请这份工作，你必须满足以下要求。(应用文写作之招聘启事) If you want to apply for the job，you must meet the following requirements. ruin n．残垣断壁，废墟 (教材原句)Its once-great cities fell into ruin... 曾经恢宏的城市沦为废墟…… (1)(lie/be) in ruins 成为废墟 fall into ruin (因无人照料而)衰落，败落 be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟 (2)ruin v． 破坏；毁坏 ruin one’s health/fame/future 毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①The whole city lay in ruins (ruin) after the earthquake，which made us lying awake all night. ②A large number of churches fell into ruin after the big flood. ③他犯了个错误，被解雇了，这让他失去了出国的机会。 →He made a mistake and was dismissed，which ruined his chance of going abroad．(定语从句) →He made a mistake and was dismissed，ruining his chance of going abroad．(分词作状语) abandon v．离弃，逃离 (教材原句)But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities. 但最大的谜团是为何玛雅人抛弃了绝大部分的大城市。 (1)abandon doing sth 放弃做某事 abandon oneself to 沉溺于……，纵情于……(to为介词) (2)abandon n． 放任 with abandon 无约束地，放任地 (3)abandoned adj. 被遗弃的；被抛弃的；废弃的 be abandoned to 沉湎于…… 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①To his mother’s disappointment，the boy abandoned himself to playing (play) computer games. ②They abandoned carrying (carry) out the plan because of the bad weather. ③孩子们很兴奋，在晚会上尽情地玩，忘记了时间。(读后续写之情绪描写) The children got excited and enjoyed themselves with abandon at the party，forgetting the time. 学生用书第131页 dismiss v．拒绝考虑，否定 (教材原句)Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars，it shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people. 尽管学者们对他的理论不予考虑，但是这表明古玛雅文明的奥秘在人们心中是如此举足轻重。 (1)dismiss sb/sth (as sth) 对某人或某物不予理会或不屑一提 dismiss sb from 把某人从……解雇 dismiss sb for 因……解雇某人 (2)dismissal n． 解雇，开除；不予考虑 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He tried to dismiss from his mind the horrible thoughts. ②He still hopes to win his claim against unfair dismissal(dismiss). ③她排除了恐惧，爬得更高了。(读后续写之情绪描写) Dismissing her fears，she climbed higher. 一、一词多义——dismiss v. A．解散　B．解雇，开除，免职　C．不考虑，不理会　D．去除 1．She claimed she was unfairly dismissed from her post. B 2．Just dismiss those thoughts from your mind—they’re crazy and not worth thinking about. D 3．Mr Wakeham dismissed the reports as speculation(臆测). C 4．“Let’s call it a day and you are dismissed，” the teacher said at the end of the class. A 二、熟词生义 1．These policies will be abandoned because of financial problems next year.v.中止 2．A rise in the temperature of the gas results in its expansion.n.膨胀 Ⅱ.典型句式讲透 句型公式：leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语 (教材原句)Meanwhile，the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past，present and future. 同时，玛雅文明的崛起和衰落必定也让我们思考自己的过去、现在与未来。 “leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，该句式意为“让/使某人(物)继续处于某种状态、某地等”。leave的常见结构如下： (1)leave＋宾语＋名词/形容词/副词/介词短语 (2)leave＋宾语＋现在分词 (其中宾语与宾语补足语之间形成逻辑上的主谓关系) (3) leave＋宾语＋过去分词 (其中宾语与宾语补足语之间形成逻辑上的动宾关系) (4) leave＋宾语＋动词不定式 (其中动词不定式表示将来的动作) (5)leave＋宾语＋where引导的地点状语从句/as引导的方式状语从句 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①What he said just left me wondering(wonder) what his real meaning was. ②The flood last month in the east was a real disaster，leaving 19 people dead (die) and 78 missing (miss). ③他们给他盖了一条毯子，只露出了他的眼睛。(读后续写之动作描写) They covered him with a blanket，only leaving his eyes exposed． ④你太粗心了，把药放在了孩子们能拿到的地方。 It was very careless of you to leave the medicine where the children could get it． 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $