Unit 4 Section Ⅳ Using language-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（外研版）

该高中英语课件聚焦定语从句，系统涵盖概述、限制性与非限制性区别、关系代词/副词用法等核心知识点。通过“初识语法 品语篇”环节，以连贯语篇呈现不同类型定语从句，引导学生自主发现规律，搭建从语篇感知到语法归纳的学习支架，帮助学生理清知识脉络。 其亮点在于语法教学与语篇、实践深度融合，通过“巧学活用”练习（如合并句子、语法填空）和“名师点津”总结易错点，培养学生语言能力（语法在语篇和写作中的应用）和思维品质（归纳对比能力）。课时测评涵盖单句、写作、语篇维度，助力学生提升语法应用能力，教师可通过结构化内容提高教学效率。

Unit 4　Everyday economics Section Ⅳ　Using language 定语从句 内容索引 初识语法　品语篇 1 精研语法　巧点拨 2 课时测评 3 初识语法　品语篇 返回 语法串烧 My sister is a college student who① is studying in Peking University.I will never forget the days when② I visited this university last summer. She showed me around to see the various facilities，including the library which③ attracts me very much.There are more than ten thousand college students，all of whom④ are fighting for their promising future，which⑤ I have never thought before. She is a model from whom⑥ I will learn.I am determined to study hard to be admitted into Peking University where⑦ I will immerse myself in strong historical and cultural atmosphere. 我的发现 返回 ①③④⑤⑥为___________引导的定语从句，在从句中作______________ _________。 ②⑦为____________引导的定语从句，在从句中作________。 ④⑥为__________________引导的定语从句。 ⑤为____________定语从句。 关系代词 主语、宾语 关系副词 状语 介词＋关系代词 非限制性 或表语 精研语法　巧点拨 返回 一、定语从句概述 担任定语功能的句子称为定语从句。定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词，故又被称为形容词性从句。 二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或者就完全失去意义；非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚、完整。这种从句与主句的关系不是很密切，先行词与定语从句往往由逗号隔开。 They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那个人的车坏了，他们冲过去帮助他。 When I arrived，Bryan took me to see the house where I would be staying. 当我到达时，布莱恩带我去看我将要住的房子。 Here comes the boy who has been looking for you for a while. 一直在找你的那个男孩来了。 The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China，which he remembers starting as early as his childhood. 世界银行总裁说他记得早在童年时代就开始了对中国的热爱。 三、关系代词的基本用法 引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词两类。关系词在定语从句中起连接作用，同时代替先行词在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语成分。 关系代词 先行词 在从句中充当的成分 who 指人 主语、宾语 whom 指人 宾语 whose 指人或物 定语 that 指人或物 主语、宾语、表语 which 指物或整个主句 主语、宾语 as 指人或物或整个主句 主语、宾语、表语 Dr.Rowan，whose secretary resigned two weeks ago，has had to do all his own typing. 罗恩博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他不得不自己动手打印。 For people who are interested in sound，the field of sound technology is definitely making noise. 对于那些对声音感兴趣的人来说，声音技术领域无疑是制造噪音。 Jimmy is the person whom you need to respect. 吉米是你需要尊重的人。 China is a country that/which has a long history. 中国是一个有着悠久历史的国家。 “You can’t judge a book by its cover，”as the old saying goes.俗话说：“不能以貌取人。” ◎巧学活用1——用定语从句合并下列句子 (1)This woman has set a good example to her son.He is a really lucky guy. →______________________________________________________________ (2)The main street is lined with small stands and shops.They sell almost anything you can imagine. →______________________________________________________________________________________ (3)Do you know the man？Our teacher is talking to him. →_______________________________________________ (4)Please show me the man.His sister is a doctor. →___________________________________________ This woman has set a good example to her son，who is a really lucky guy. The main street is lined with small stands and shops which/that sell almost anything you can imagine. Do you know the man whom our teacher is talking to？ Please show me the man whose sister is a doctor. 四、关系副词的基本用法 关系副词 先行词 在从句中充当的成分 when 表示时间的名词 时间状语 where 表示地点的名词 地点状语 why 表示原因的名词 原因状语 We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better. 我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。 The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employees enjoy their work. 公司的老板正试图创造一种轻松的氛围，让他的员工享受他们的工作。 Do you know the reason why he is absent? 你知道他缺席的原因吗？ 名师点津　当先行词为situation，case，stage，point等，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词where引导。 They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other. 他们已经到了必须分手的地步。 ◎巧学活用2——单句语法填空 (1)According to official statistics，over 346 million Chinese people have participated in winter sports training，surpassing the goal of 300 million the government set in 2015 ________ Beijing won the Olympic bid. (2)Beijing，_________ the Summer Games were held in 2008，is the first city in the world to host both editions of the Olympic Games. (3)The association of red with good fortune is the reason _______ the color red is important in weddings，New Years，and other important celebrations. when where why 五、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 类别 句法功能 示例 介词＋关系代词(which/whom) 状语 He is the person on whom you can depend. 他是你可以信赖的人。 介词＋whose＋名词 状语 He was the man from whose room the thief had stolen his bag. 他就是被小偷从房间里偷走包的那个人。 名词/代词/数词＋介词＋关系代词(which/whom) 主语 Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore，three of which were English novels. 上星期日我从书店买了一些书，其中三本是英文小说。 名师点津　“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定 1．根据定语从句中动词、形容词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。 In the dark street，there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.(turn to sb for help) 在黑暗的街道上，她没有一个可以求助的人。 Physics is the subject in which every student in our school is interested.(be interested in) 物理是我们学校每个学生都很感兴趣的科目。 2．根据与先行词搭配的具体含义而定。 I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country. (during that time) 我永远不会忘记我在乡下度过童年的那段时光。 3．根据所表达的意思来确定。 The colorless gas without which we can’t live is called oxygen. 这种无色的气体叫作氧气，没有它我们无法生存。 ◎巧学活用3——单句语法填空 (1)Shaanxi’s biang biang noodles were a comforting and beloved food among locals，for ______ the back story and written character were common knowledge. (2)There are many sports stars at home and abroad，________ whom Zhu Ting is my favorite. (3)A national territorial (领土的) planning system will be guided by three “red lines”，one of ________ will include about 103 million hectares of permanent farmland. whom among which 六、关系代词that 与which 的区别 只用that的情况 先行词是all，few，little，much，something，anything，nothing等不定代词时 先行词被the only，the very，the same，all等修饰时 先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 先行词既有人又有物时 只用which的情况 引导非限制性定语从句时 关系代词指物，且前有介词时 The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city. 电视塔是这个城市建的最高的建筑物。 Readers attracts so many audiences，which means that it becomes more and more popular in China. 《读者》杂志吸引了那么多的读者，这意味着它在中国变得越来越受欢迎。 Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself? 你有什么要为自己说的吗？ Do you know the persons and things that they are talking about? 你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗？ This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived. 这是鲁迅先生曾住过的房子。 七、关系代词which和as引导非限制性定语从句的区别 当先行词不是主句中的某个词而是整个主句时，关系代词用 which或as，但二者的用法也有区别。 1．which引导的非限制性定语从句一般跟在主句之后，而as引导的从句可在主句前、主句后，也可在主句中间。 Football，which is an interesting game，is played all over the world. 全世界都踢足球，这是一项有趣的运动。 As is reported in the newspapers，talks between the two countries are making progress. 正如报纸上报道的那样，两国之间的谈判正在取得进展。 2．which通常意为“这；这一点”，as通常表示说话人的态度、看法、解释等，意为“正如，像”。 He sold his bicycle，which surprised me. 他把自行车卖了，这使我很吃惊。 As we know，smoking is harmful to our health. 众所周知，吸烟有害健康。 名师点津　(1)as引导非限制性定语从句时，其后常接expect，know，report，say，see等动词的主动或被动语态以及用于一些固定结构中。如：as was expected (不出所料)，as is mentioned above (正如上面所提到的)，as is often the case (这是常有的事)等。 (2)as也可用在限制性定语从句中，此时它多和such，so或the same连用，构成such/so...as和the same...as结构。 Such books as I have read are English novels. 我所读过的书都是英语小说。(as作宾语) ◎巧学活用4——单句语法填空 (1)In addition，every student can be in harmony with foreign friends，______ makes it easy for you to get along with them. (2)Understanding，love and tolerance are the first three essentials ______ come to an authentic friendship. (3)_____ is known to us，body language can give away a lot about your mood. (4)The train is the first ______ will go to Suzhou. (5)I refuse to accept the blame for something ______ was someone else’s fault. which that As that that 知识网络 返回 课时测评 返回 语境基础练 维度一　单句语法填空(每小题1分，共10分) 1．Beijing is also a place ______________ welcomes the fast -paced development of modern life. 2．Yet，the form of the fable still has values today，_______ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”． 3．There was once a town in the heart of America _________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings. 4．Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago，_________ thousands were attending a water conference. that/which as where where 5．On the 1,100-kilometer journey，the man Cao Shengkang，_______ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident，crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. 6．The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ______ live within the Giant Panda Range. 7．Kim Cobb，a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta，is one of a small but growing minority of academics ___________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. who that who/that 8．William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes from __________we can learn without repeating them. 9．At the Chinese art festival，there are different stands _________ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors. 10．China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot _________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. where where which 维度二　语法与写作(每小题3分，共15分) 1．关于我们根据教科书改编的一个剧本的事情，我真诚地写信来请求您的帮助。 I’m writing in sincerity to ask you a favor regarding a play ________________ _______________________________. 2．突然，雷声在头顶轰鸣，把我带回了现实。 All of a sudden，thunder crashed overhead，____________________________. (that/which) we adapted according to the textbook which brought me back to reality 3．这时，汹涌的海水已经漫过了查理和简的胸膛，他们无法控制地颤抖(shiver)着，也说不清是冷还是吓得发抖。 By this time，the swelling seawater had reached the chest of Charlie and Jane， ________________________ and could not tell whether they trembled because of cold or fright. 4．你可以想象，这将是多么有趣。 ____________________，what great fun there will be. 5．但是朗太太给我的礼物为我打开了一扇通向全新世界的窗户。她的礼物正是我所需要的，在我最能理解它的时候，我就收到了。 But the great present Mrs.Long gave me opened a window to a totally new world. Her gift was exactly what I needed，and it reached me at the time __________________________________. who shivered uncontrollably As you can imagine when I was best able to comprehend it 维度三　语法与语篇(每小题1.5分，共15分) 用适当的关系词完成语段 The very film 1.____ is called Titanic is such a beautiful and sad love story 2.___ is popular with the public，3.______ hero and heroine are Jack and Rose. Rose was a young beautiful woman 4._____ went to America with her mother. Jack，5.______ won a ship ticket by playing cards，was a poor painter.They met and fell in love with each other on Titanic 6.________ they had a happy time. Sadly，the nice journey was destroyed by a huge iceberg，7._______ Jack lost his life for saving Rose (Everyone will be moved by the selfless way in 8.______ most people can’t behave in real life).Before Jack left Rose forever，he encouraged Rose to live well for him.9.______ is known to all，love is the strongest strength.And that’s the reason 10._____ Rose could live alone and tell us the moving story. that as whose who who where when which As why 素能提升练 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共10分) (2025·福建省福州市高二上期末) As a kid，I was always around animals and I always enjoyed it.After my senior year of high school，we started renting this farm.Then I went away to Rhode Island School of Design to become an architect.After about two years and a half，I found that was not quite what I wanted to do.I felt I wanted to be an architect and have a hobby farm.But why not just have a farm and make it my career? It’s an exciting business.I think a lot of people don’t realize what’s involved with dairy farming (奶牛业).We took some trips to some progressive farms out in New York when we first started.And it really changed my attitude of what you can do.You can be a successful businessperson with a lot of challenges. And those challenges are part of what makes it very exciting—it’s not just milking cows.There’s nutrition and finances and a lot of big day-to-day decisions. Well，land is the biggest obstacle.Securing enough land is important.We don’t just need the land for the animals；we also need it to distribute the manure from the cows.And there’s a real balance，a real recycling.You take the feed；you give it to the cows，and the cows give you milk，but they also give you a lot of manure.And the best thing to do is putting it back on the land.You need 2 acres per cow basically，a cow and its calf. The land that we rent is beautiful and the land that we own is beautiful.If you get half a mile off the road and looking back at scenery across the valley，it’s impressive.You get the rows of grass and the cows in the distance. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从事奶牛农场经营的经历。作者喜欢动物，打算把经营农场作为自己的事业，文章也讲述了他在奶牛农场经营中遇到的挑战。 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“And those challenges are part of what makes it very exciting—it’s not just milking cows.There’s nutrition and finances and a lot of big day-to-day decisions.”可知，奶牛养殖包括挤奶、营养、财务和日常决策。故选D。 1．Which of the following is included in the dairy farming according to the text? A．Designing for the dairy farming. B．Playing with the cows around the farm. C．Taking trips around the farm to enjoy life. D．Milking cows，nutrition，finances and decisions. √ 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Well，land is the biggest obstacle. Securing enough land is important.”可知，作者面临的最大挑战是确保有足够的土地，故选B。 2．What’s the biggest challenge that the author faced? A．Huge amounts of money. B．Securing enough land. C．Highly qualified milk cows. D．Quantities of workers. √ 词义猜测题。根据画线单词所在句子“We don’t just need the land for the animals；we also need it to distribute the manure from the cows.”和下文“And there’s a real balance，a real recycling.You take the feed；you give it to the cows，and the cows give you milk，but they also give you a lot of manure.”以及常识可知，奶牛不仅产奶，而且还会产生大量粪便，粪便被回收，作为土地的营养，由此可推知，画线单词意为“粪便”，与C项“牛的粪便。”意思一样，故选C。 3．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “manure” in Paragraph 3? A．Milk from the cows. B．Chemical fertilizers. C．Waste of the cows. D．Food offered to cows. √ 标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第二段可知，文章主要介绍了作者成功建立乳品企业的经历。故选A。 4．Which one is the best title for this text? A．Building A Successful Dairy Business B．Famous Farmers Around The World C．Highly Qualified Milk Cows D．The Architecture Designer √ Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) (2025·安徽省安庆市高二上期末) Anna had been job-hunting for months.A few days ago，she finally　1　. an interview at her ideal company. On the day of the interview，Anna arrived at the company early.She dressed 　2　.While waiting，she was surrounded by 　3　 and the heart was racing.She tried to calm down by taking a deep breath and 　4　 herself that all the hard work would pay off. After a few minutes，the interviewer，Ms.Lee，came to greet Anna and asked her a series of questions about her 　5　 and skills.Anna answered confidently，trying to　6　her strengths and accomplishments (成绩). However，Anna noticed that Ms.Lee’s body language was not very 　7　. as she was frowning with arms crossed.Anna felt slightly embarrassed but tried to 　8　 her mood.As the interview continued，Anna started using positive body language to show her 　9　 and confidence.She bent forward in her chair，　10　 eye contact with Ms.Lee and used hand gestures to 　11　 her points.She also smiled more and her facial expression relaxed. Anna noticed that Ms. Lee straightened up and even smiled a little 　12　. she did this.It was Anna’s body language that had made Ms. Lee relax，and realize that she was 　13　 for the position. A few days later，Anna received the job offer.She knew that 　14　. communication had played a big role in her 　15　.By practicing appropriate body language，the chances of success would be surely improved. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Anna在面试过程中通过调整自己的肢体语言来改善面试氛围，最终获得工作机会的故事。 根据上文“Anna had been job-hunting for months.”可知，Anna一直在找工作；而下文“On the day of the interview，Anna arrived at the company early.”则暗示，Anna得到了一个面试机会。故选A。 1．A．landed B．replied C．dreamt D．broke √ 根据上文“On the day of the interview，Anna arrived at the company early.” 可知，Anna今天要面试，所以她的穿着自然是很职业化的。故选B。 2．A．informally B．professionally C．conveniently D．familiarly √ 根据空后“the heart was racing”可知，Anna此时非常紧张，所以才心跳加快。故选C。 3．A．anger B．hesitation C．nervousness D．surprise √ 根据空后内容“that all the hard work would pay off”可知，这是Anna一直在提醒自己的话。故选B。 4．A．informing B．reminding C．warning D．promising √ 根据常理可知，面试单位想要了解的自然是工作经验和技能。故选C。 5．A．family B．arrangement C．experience D．address √ 根据上文“Anna answered confidently”可推测出，Anna自然是强调指出自己的优点和成就。故选D。 6．A．insist B．ignore C．hide D．underline √ 根据下文“she was frowning with arms crossed”可知，李女士的眉头紧锁、双臂交叉，由此可知，此时，李女士的肢体语言反映出的是不太令人鼓舞的。故选D。 7．A．annoying B．exciting C．moving D．encouraging √ 根据空前“Anna felt slightly embarrassed”以及空后“Anna started using positive body language”可知，Anna是在调整自己的情绪。故选C。 8．A．adopt B．admire C．adjust D．apply √ 根据空后的“confidence”以及此时Anna正在面试过程中可知，Anna是在用肢体语言表现自己对工作和对方的兴趣。故选A。 9．A．interest B．disagreement C．pride D．forgiveness √ 根据上文“She bent forward in her chair”可推测，作者是在和李女士保持眼神交流。故选B。 10．A．contained B．maintained C．avoided D．rejected √ 根据空后的“her points”可知，作者是用手势语来阐明自己的观点。故选C。 11．A．divide B．recognize C．clarify D．recall √ 考查时间状语从句的引导词，表示“当……时”，用as引导。故选A。 12．A．as B．before C．unless D．though √ 根据上文的“It was Anna’s body language that had made Ms. Lee relax”以及下文的“A few days later，Anna received the job offer.”可知，李女士是认为Anna很适合这个职位，才录用了Anna。故选D。 13．A．responsible B．thankful C．famous D．suitable √ 根据下文“By practicing appropriate body language，the chances of success would be surely improved.”可知，Anna明白是肢体语言帮助她获得了这份工作，也就是非语言交流。故选A。 14．A．nonverbal B．honest C．free D．internal √ 根据上文“A few days later，Anna received the job offer.”以及全文内容可知，Anna指的是非语言交流在自己被雇用这一过程中起到了很大的作用。故选B。 15．A．trail B．employment C．adventure D．inquiry √ Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) (2025·福建省永春第一中学高二下期中) Tribes (部落) in Danger The Jarawa，a tribe of 200－300 people，live on the Andaman Islands in the Indian Ocean.They look very different from their Indian neighbours.Most probably，their closest relatives are Africans.No one outside the tribe really speaks their language，so not much 1.__________ (know) about them. But we do know 2.__________ the Jarawa live.They are nomadic (游牧) people，3.__________ (move) from place to place to find food.They hunt small animals and fish，they find berries，honey，and they are self-sufficient—they do everything by 4.____________. is known how moving themselves The threats to the Jarawa started in 1970.A road was built through the forest 5._________ they live，and the Indian authorities decided to build towns and “settlers” were brought from other places 6.__________ (live) in them. They also wanted the Jarawa to live in the towns.This policy is called “forced settlement”，and it has been a disaster for tribal peoples in places all over the world.It’s clear why：Because 7._____ forced settlement，tribes are no longer self-sufficient，and they can easily get new diseases.A tribe’s sense of identity can easily be destroyed. where to live of But in the case of the Jarawa，it seems that the fight against these dangers has been successful，thanks to Survival，an organization 8._________(devote) to protecting endangered tribes，and the campaigns that they’ve organized.For a number of years，Survival asked the Indian government to respect the Jarawa’s rights to live on their land.As a result of the campaign，there was a court case.Eventually not only should the 9. ____________ (authority) close the road through the Jarawa’s land，but also remove the settlers.Now Survival 10.____________ (fight) for the Jarawa’s right to own their land and to make their own choices about the way they live. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个处于危险中的部落——加拉瓦部落。 devoted authorities is fighting 1．答案：is known 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。主语much和know之间是被动关系，且句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语表示单数意义，故填is known。 考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处应为连接词引导的宾语从句作know的宾语，从句中不缺主语和宾语，结合句意可知，此处表示的是“如何”，应为连接副词how。故填how。 2．答案：how 3．答案：moving 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，move与逻辑主语They之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词形式。故填moving。 考查代词。分析句子结构可知，此处为代词作宾语，结合句意可知，此处与句子主语they指代内容一致，所以应使用反身代词作by的宾语。故填themselves。 4．答案：themselves 5．答案：where 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为限制性定语从句，先行词是the forest，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 考查非谓语动词。结合句意可知，此处表示目的，所以应使用动词不定式形式作目的状语。故填to live。 6．答案：to live 8．答案：devoted 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰名词organization，devote与名词organization之间为被动关系，所以此处应使用过去分词形式。故填devoted。 考查介词。because of“由于”，固定短语，故填of。 7．答案：of 10．答案：is fighting 考查时态和主谓一致。根据Now可知句子用现在进行时，主语Survival表示单数意义，故填is fighting。 返回 考查名词复数。authority为可数名词，此处应用复数形式表示泛指，故填authorities。 9．答案：authorities 谢 谢 观 看 ！ 返回 $