Unit 9 Section Ⅴ Lesson 3-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（北师大版）

该高中英语课件围绕“流行病”主题，系统涵盖定义、历史案例及应对措施，通过Pre-reading图片提问激活旧知，While-reading分步骤梳理语篇结构，Post-reading以难句解构和佳句仿写搭建语言学习支架，形成连贯知识脉络。 其亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，如难句解构提升复杂句式理解能力，品质升华环节通过“分析流行病特征”“提出国际合作建议”等问题发展批判性与创造性思维。语基训练系统梳理词汇句型规律，学生能提升语言运用与问题解决能力，教师可依托结构化设计提高教学效率。

UNIT 9　HUMAN BIOLOGY 主题语境：人与自然——人体生物学 Section Ⅴ　Lesson 3 内容索引 细梳理　语篇研读 1 释疑难　语篇助解 2 课时测评 5 固根基　语基自查 3 提能力　语基讲练 4 细梳理　语篇研读 返回 Look at the pictures and answer the following question. Step One：Pre-reading What epidemics do you know about and what are they about？ _____________________ The answer may vary. Step Two：While-reading Ⅰ.Read for the main idea What's the main idea of the text？ A．The definition of epidemic diseases. B．The features of epidemic diseases. C．The ways of solving epidemic diseases. D．The findings of epidemic diseases. √ Ⅱ.Match the main idea with each part Part 1 (Paras.1－2)　 A．Epidemics that have occurred in human history. Part 2 (Paras.3－8)　　 B．The definition and features of an epidemic. Part 3 (Para.9)　　　　 C．A global collaboration to find a cure for the epidemic. Ⅲ.Read for the structure purpose history The Black Death Ⅳ.Read for details 1．Which of the following is NOT the feature of an epidemic？ A．It spreads rapidly. B．A large number of people are affected. C．It can be caused by different factors. D．A large number of people will die. 2．What's the main idea of the second paragraph？ A．The low baseline of epidemic. B．The classifications of an epidemic. C．The epidemic is different from the common flu. D．A few cases will also be classified as an epidemic. √ √ 3．What's the reason why the Spanish Flu was the most severe epidemic？ A．People travelled and moved than ever before. B．People didn't think it could cause a threat at first. C．It broke out near the end of World War Ⅰ. D．All of above. 4．What can we learn from the text？ A．People should realize the effects of epidemics. B．Governments worldwide have realized the disease. C．Countries should work together to solve epidemics. D．People should know the epidemics that have occurred. √ √ Ⅰ.难句解构 1．They can be caused by several different factors，such as a virus being carried into an area，or changes in the way people live，like more people living in an area，which increases the chances of them coming into contact with a virus or bacteria. 结构分析：该句为典型的科普文或说明文语句，结构复杂，信息量大，含多个插入成分和从句的叠加。诚然，理解语句的关键是动词。具体解构如下： Step Three：Post-reading ①They can be caused by several different factors(含情态动词的被动语态)． 尝试翻译：________________________________________ ②such as a virus...or changes in the way...(完整结构应为 factors such as a virus or changes) 尝试翻译： ________________________________________ ③(a virus)being carried into an area(动词-ing形式充当后置定语) 尝试翻译： ________________________________________ ④like more people living in an area(完整结构应为changes...like more people living in an area) 尝试翻译： ________________________________________ 它们可能由不同因素引起。 例如一种病毒……或方式的改变……。 (一种)正在被传播到某个地区(的病毒)。 比如某一地区居住人口的增加。 ⑤...which increases the chances of them coming into contact with a virus or bacteria. 结构分析：此句虽为which引导的非限制性定语从句，但其中含有of引导的同位语和them coming构成的动词-ing形式的复合结构。 尝试翻译：______________________________________________ 整体翻译　 _____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 这增加了人们接触病毒或细菌的可能性。 它们可能由不同因素引起，例如病毒被传播到某个地区，或者人们生活方式的改变，比如说某一地区居住的人增多，从而增加了人们接触病毒或细菌的可能性。 2．Many people fear it could be the next global epidemic，especially as scientists who have gone into detail studying tissue samples from the bodies of people who died of the 1918 Spanish Flu have proved that bird flu is a modern adaptation of that virus. 结构分析：此句结构复杂，严格遵循以谓语动词为突破口的原则，不难发现：fear后省略了 ，其后部分应为 从句；as引导的 从句；who引导的 从句；that引导的 从句。as所引导的从句主干应为： 。具体解构如下： that 宾语 原因状语 定语 宾语 Scientists have proved that.... ①Many people fear... 尝试翻译：_____________________________________ ②it could be the next global epidemic. 尝试翻译：_____________________________________ ③Scientists have proved that... 尝试翻译：_____________________________________ ④who(scientists)have gone into detail studying tissue samples from the bodies of people 尝试翻译：__________________________________________________ ⑤who(people)died of the 1918 Spanish Flu 尝试翻译：_____________________________________ 许多人担心……。 它可能成为下一场全球流行病。 科学家们已经证实了……。 科学家们仔细研究了死亡者尸体的组织样本。 人们死于1918年西班牙流感。 ⑥bird flu is a modern adaptation of that virus 尝试翻译：_____________________________________________________ 整体翻译　_____________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 禽流感是该病毒的现代变异版本。 许多人担心它可能会成为下一场全球流行病，尤其当科学家们仔细研究了1918年西班牙流感死亡者尸体的组织样本，证明禽流感是该病毒的现代变异版本。 Ⅱ.佳句仿写 教材佳句　An epidemic is the name given to an infectious disease that rapidly spreads to a large number of people within a short period of time—usually two weeks or less.(下定义) 学后仿写　科学是通过观察、实验和分析来对自然世界进行系统的研究。 Science is through observation，experimentation，and analysis. the systematic study of the natural world Ⅲ.品质升华 1．What are the main features of an epidemic？ Give at least two examples to illustrate your points.(Critical Thinking批判性思维) ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．What should different countries do to prevent outbreaks of epidemics in the future？ Why？(Creative Thinking创造性思维) ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 返回 Rapid spread and high infection rate.For example，bird flu first appeared in 1997 and The Black Death occurred in the 1330s. Countries will need to work together to do this because teamwork among nations across the globe can save lives. 释疑难　语篇助解 返回 EPIDEMICS EXPLAINED An epidemic is the name given to an infectious disease that rapidly spreads to a large number of people within a short period of time—usually two weeks or less.Epidemics have been happening for as long as there have been people living on Earth.They can be caused by several different factors①，such as a virus being carried② into an area，or changes in the way people live，like more people living in an area，which increases the chances of them coming into contact with③ a virus or bacteria④.[1] [1]本句中的“being carried into an area”是动词-ing形式的被动形式，表示动作正在进行，且表被动，修饰名词a virus，在句中作后置定语；people live为定语从句，修饰先行词way；“them coming into contact with a virus or bacteria”为动词-ing形式的复合结构作介词of的宾语。 ①factor/'fæktə/n.因素，要素 the key/crucial/deciding factor关键的/至关重要的/决定性的因素 ②carry 熟词生义vt.传播，传染 ③come/get into contact with... 接触……；遇到……；与……联系 ④bacteria/bæk'tɪəriə/n.细菌 原文呈现 名师圈点 原文呈现 Each disease can only officially⑤be classified as an epidemic once a certain number of deaths have occurred from the disease.The number of deaths is different for every disease.So a very rare disease⑥ will have a low baseline⑦ and just a few cases⑧ of it in one place will be classified as an epidemic；as opposed to⑨ more common diseases，such as the flu，that have a higher baseline[2].The common cold is a widespread⑩ virus that affects millions of people，but it is not seen as being a serious enough condition to deserve the classification of an epidemic. [2]本句中的“as opposed to more common disease”是对比并列结构，将流行病和常见病对比；that引导的从句为定语从句，先行词为“common diseases”。整句可翻译为：与此相反，更为常见的疾病的基线较高，如流感。 ⑤officially/ə'fɪʃəli/adv.官方地，正式地 official adj.正式的，官方的，官方授权的 ⑥a rare disease罕见疾病 rare/reə/adj.稀有的，罕见的，不常发生的 [反义]　common adj.常见的 ⑦baseline/'beɪslaɪn/n.(医学或科学中的)基线，准线 ►The experiment is meant only to provide a baseline for other studies.这个实验只是为其他研究提供研究基准。 ⑧case n．病例，病案；病人，伤员 ⑨as opposed to(表示对比)而，相对于；与……相反 ⑩widespread/'waɪdspred/adj.分布广的，广泛流传的 名师圈点 ⑪press reports 新闻报道 press n．报章杂志，报刊，印刷媒体 ⑫draw parallels between...and...在……和……之间找到相似点 parallel/'pærəlel/n.(不同地点或不同时间的两事物之间的)联系，相似 adj.平行的 ⑬depressing/dɪ'presɪŋ/adj.令人沮丧的，让人忧愁的 With recent press reports⑪drawing parallels between bird flu and⑫ killer epidemics of the past[3]，Jim Smith looks at the sometimes depressing⑬ history of epidemics for clues about how we can create a more positive future without epidemics. [3]“With recent press reports drawing...past”是“with＋宾语＋动词-ing形式”结构，在句中作状语。 press reports 和动词draw 是逻辑上的主谓关系，因此draw用动词-ing形式。 原文呈现 名师圈点 Since bird flu first appeared in 1997，it has taken more than a hundred lives.Many people fear it could be the next global epidemic，especially as scientists who have gone into detail⑭ studying tissue samples⑮ from the bodies of people who died of the 1918 Spanish Flu have proved that bird flu is a modern adaptation⑯ of that virus. One of the earliest epidemics on record⑰happened between about 500 and 550 CE.Scientists now estimate that⑱ up to⑲ 50% of the area's population died from the epidemic，making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire.[4] Then，in the 1330s，this epidemic returned，this time in Asia.It spread rapidly to Europe and became known as“The Black Death”because one visible symptom⑳ was black spots on the body. [4]estimate 后跟 that 引导的宾语从句，其中动词-ing形式短语 making it one of...Roman Empire 作结果状语。 making it one of...Roman Empire 为“make＋ 宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，意为“使……成为……”。 原文呈现 名师圈点 ⑭go into detail(s)详细叙述，逐一说明 ⑮tissue samples 组织样本 tissue n．(人、动植物细胞的)组织 sample/'sɑː mpəl/n.样本，样品 vt.品尝，尝试；对……做抽样调查 ⑯adaptation n．经过适应的结果 ⑰on record 记录在案的；公开发表的 ⑱estimate that...估计…… estimate/'estɪmeɪt/vt.估计，估算 ⑲up to 达到(某数量、程度等)，至多有；能胜任；正在做 ⑳visible symptom明显的症状 visible/'vɪzəbəl/adj.看得见的 [反义]　invisible adj.看不见的 symptom/'sɪmptəm/n.症状；征兆，症候 原文呈现 Centuries later，the Great Flu Epidemic of 1918，also called the Spanish Flu，struck near the end of World War Ⅰ.Families who had only just got through the war now had to bury their loved ones who had died of the disease.[5] As a result of the war，more people were travelling and moving perhaps than ever before in history and this caused the epidemic to spread worldwide.Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months[6]，the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most severe epidemic in history.More people died of the flu than died in the war.Initially，many people believed that such epidemics no longer posed a threat until very recently when SARS became a cause for concern. [5]本句是一个复合句。句中who引导了两个定语从句，分别修饰先行词Families和loved ones，且who在定语从句中都作主语，不可省略。 [6]画线部分为动词-ing形式的完成时态作原因状语，表示该动作发生在主语谓语动词动作之前。 strike(struck，struck)vt.&vi.(灾难、疾病)侵袭，爆发 bury/'beri/vt.埋葬，安葬；埋藏 bury...in...把……埋到……里 bury oneself in sth 专心致志于某事 bury one’s face in one’s hands 双手掩面 initially adv.开始，最初，起初 initial adj.最初的，开始的 pose a threat 构成威胁 pose/pəʊz/vt.造成，引起，产生(问 题、危险、困难等)n.(为画像、拍照等而摆的)姿势，姿态 pose a challenge/danger/risk构成　挑战/危险/风险 名师圈点 原文呈现 The SARS epidemic began in 2002 with a case of lung disease in Guangdong Province.It spread to Canada，Vietnam and Singapore and lasted until 2003.SARS was examined by scientists，who were confused by this new disease and wanted to learn more about it and its causes.Infection rates went up steadily，and in the course of the outbreak，about 8，000 people were infected over nine months.Since the end of the SARS epidemic，scientists have been doing trials on treatments to prevent any future outbreaks. Then，from 2013 to 2016，there was the most widespread outbreak of the Ebola Virus Disease(EVD)in West Africa，which resulted in a major loss of life in a number of west African countries.[7]11，310 deaths were officially recorded，but the actual number of deaths is probably much higher.The virus was extremely infectious and the survival rate was as low as 30% in some areas，indicating that very few people got over it. [7]本句是一个复合句。which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代前面的一整句话，且which在从句中作主语。 steadily/'stedəli/adv.稳定地 steady adj.稳步的，持续的，匀速的 outbreak/'aʊtbreɪk/n.(战争或疾病)爆发，突然发生 [构词法]　outbreak为“副词＋动词”构成的名词。此类名词还有：income(收入)，outcome(结果)等。 do trials on...做关于……的实验 trial/'traɪəl/n.试验；审判，审理 trial and error反复试验，不断摸索 名师圈点 原文呈现 Despite，or perhaps because of，the epidemics the world has faced in recent years，governments worldwide have underlined the fact that they want thorough and systematic medical research on epidemics to get at the causes and come up with cures as soon as possible. [8] Countries will need to work together to do this because teamwork among nations across the globe can save lives. [8]“Despite...recent years”在句中作状语，其中 the world...years 为定语从句，修饰先行词the epidemics；that they...possible 为同位语从句，解释说明 fact 的内容。动词不定式短语 to get at...possible 在句中作目的状语。 underline/ˌʌndə'laɪn/vt.强调，使突出；在……之下画线 [近义]　highlight vt.突出，强调 thorough/'θʌrə/adj.彻底的，全面的，详尽的 a thorough investigation/search 彻底的调查/搜寻 systematic/ˌsɪstə'mætɪk/adj.系统化的，有条理的 a systematic approach to solving the problem 系统解决问题的办法 teamwork n．协同工作，配合 名师圈点 疫情解读 流行病是指在短时间内(通常是两周或更短)迅速在大规模人群中传播的传染性疾病。自地球上有人类生活以来，流行病就一直存在。它们可能由不同因素引起，例如病毒被传播到某个地区，或者人们生活方式的改变，比如说某一地区居住的人增多，从而增加了人们接触病毒或细菌的可能性。 只有致死病例达到一定数量，某种疾病才会被正式定性为流行病。每种疾病的死亡数量各不相同。罕见疾病的基线很低，即使某地区只出现少数病例，也会被认定为流行病；与此相反，更为常见的疾病的基线较高，如流感。普通感冒由一种广泛传播的病毒引起，可感染数百万人，但它并没严重到可以被称为流行病。 译文参考 最近有新闻报道将禽流感和过去致命的流行病做对比时，吉姆·史密斯研究了有时令人沮丧的流行病史，以寻找创造一个没有流行病的更美好的未来的线索。 禽流感自1997年首次出现以来，已经夺去了一百多人的生命。许多人担心它可能会成为下一场全球流行病，尤其当科学家们仔细研究了1918年西班牙流感死亡者尸体的组织样本，证明禽流感是该病毒的现代变异版本。 人类有记载的最早的流行病之一大约发生在公元500年至550年之间。现今科学家估计，发病区域多达50%的人口死于这一流行病，成为罗马帝国衰落的一个主要原因。接着，14世纪30年代，这一流行病卷土重来，这次发生在亚洲，并迅速传播到欧洲。由于患者身上会出现明显的黑斑症状，这种流行病被称为“黑死病”。 几个世纪后，第一次世界大战快结束时爆发了1918年大流感，又称西班牙流感。刚刚熬过战争的人们现在不得不埋葬他们死于该疾病的亲人。战争引发的人口流动前所未有，从而导致这一流行病蔓延到全世界。西班牙流感在18个月内造成5千万人死亡，成为历史上最严重的流行病。死于该病的人比死于战争的人还要多。最初，很多人以为这种流行病不会再对人类构成威胁，直至最近非典出现，再次引起担忧。 非典疫情始于2002年广东省的一例肺部疾病，后蔓延到加拿大、越南和新加坡，并一直持续到2003年。科学家对这种新型疾病感到困惑，想要了解该病与致病原因的更多信息，因此对SARS病毒进行检测。非典的感染率不断上升，在爆发期，9个月内感染了约8 000人。非典疫情结束后，科学家们一直在试验各种治疗手段，以防止未来疫情再次爆发。 随后，2013年到2016年间，西非爆发了最大规模传染病——埃博拉病毒性疾病，这导致西非多个国家的很多人丧命。官方统计的死亡人数为11 310人，但实际死亡人数可能要更高。该病毒传染性极强，一些地区的存活率低至30%，也就是说很少有人能康复。 尽管，或者说是由于，近年来全球爆发了流行病，世界各国政府都已经强调，要对流行病进行彻底和系统的医学研究，以便尽快找出原因并找到治疗方法。这需要各个国家的共同努力，因为全球各国之间的团队合作能够拯救生命。 返回 固根基　语基自查 返回 阅读单词——识记 1．a national epidemic　　 全国性的_______ 2．bacteria growth　　　　 _______生长 3．parallel lines　　　　 _______线 4．tissue samples　　　　 组织_______ 5．lung disease　　　　 _______病 6．do trials　　　　 做_______ 7．the outbreak of war　　 战争的_______ 8．flu symptoms　　　　 流感_______ 流行病 细菌 平行 样本 肺 试验 爆发 症状 核心单词——练通 1．a widespread 　　 一种广泛传播的病毒 2．the crucial 　　　 至关重要的因素 3．be in cemetery　 被安葬在墓地 4． a threat　　　　 造成威胁 5．a fair 　　　 公正的审判 6．① the fact　　 强调事实 ② the title　　　 在题目下画线 virus factor buried pose trial underline underline 拓展单词——用活 1． n．变化物，变体；差异，变动 →various adj.各种各样的，不同种类的 →variety n．种类→vary v．变化，变更 2． adv.官方地，正式地 →official adj.官方的，正式的；公务的n.要员；官员；高级职员 3． vt.将……分类；把……归入一类 →classification n．归类，分类，分级 4． adj.稀有的，罕见的，不常发生的→rarely adv.很少，罕有 variation officially classify rare 5． adj.与某事物相反；反对某事物，不赞成某事物 →oppose vt.反对；抵制；阻挠 →opposite prep.在……对面 adj.对面的；相反的 →opposition n．(强烈的)反对，反抗 6． adj.令人沮丧的，让人忧愁的 →depress vt.使沮丧；使忧愁 →depressed adj.沮丧的；意志消沉的 →depression n．沮丧，消沉 7． vt.估计，估算→estimation n．估计；评价 8． adj.看得见的→invisible adj.看不见的 9． adv.稳定地→steady adj.稳定的 opposed depressing estimate visible steadily 10． adj.实际的，真实的 →actually adv.实际上；事实上；的确 11． adj.彻底的，全面的，详尽的 →thoroughly adv.彻底地，非常，完全 12． adj.系统化的，有条理的 →systematically adv.有系统地；有组织地 →system n．制度，体制；系统；方法 13． n．地球，世界；地球仪 →global adj.全球的；全世界的 →globally adv.全球地；全局地 actual thorough systematic globe 规律方法 1．规律：名词后跟-ify变成动词 class n．种类＋-ify→classify vt.将……分类；把……归入一类 例如：personify v．把……拟人化 objectify v. 把……物化 2．规律：形容词后跟-ly变成副词 actual adj.实际的，真实的＋-ly→actually adv.实际上；事实上；的确 例如：thoroughly adv.彻底地，非常，完全globally adv.全球地；全局地 重点短语——再现 第一组　汉译英 1．被归类为……　　　　 ______________ 2．渡过，熬过(困难或不快的时期) _____________ 3．克服；从(不快或疾病中)恢复过来 _________ 4．提出；想出；赶上　　　　 ______________ 5．达到(某数量、程度等)，至多有；能胜任；正在做 _________ 6．接触……；遇到……；与……联系 _______________________ be classified as get through get over come up with up to come/get into contact with... 第二组　英译汉 7．as opposed to　　 ____________________________ 8．draw parallels between...and... ____________________________ 9．go into detail(s)　　　　 ____________________________ 10．on record　　　　 ____________________________ 11．in the course of　　　　 ____________________________ 12．pose a threat　　　　 ____________________________ 与……截然相反；而不是 在……和……之间找到相似点 详细叙述，逐一说明 记录在案的；公开发表的 在……过程中；在……期间 造成威胁 1．句型公式　with复合结构 教材原句　______________________________________________________ ________________________________(最近有新闻报道将禽流感和过去致命的流行病作对比)，Jim Smith looks at the sometimes depressing history of epidemics for clues about how we can create a more positive future without epidemics. 2．句型公式　动词-ing形式(短语)作结果状语 教材原句　Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area's population died from the epidemic，___________________________________________ ______________(成为罗马帝国衰落的一个主要原因)． 典型句式——默背 With recent press reports drawing parallels between bird flu and killer epidemics of the past making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire 3．句型公式　(1)动词-ing形式(短语)的完成式作状语 (2)sb/sth be believed to do...＝It is believed that...意为“人们认为/相信……” 教材原句　 (造成5千万人死亡)in 18 months，the Spanish Flu ___________________________________________ ___________(被认为是历史上最严重的流行病)． 返回 Having killed up to 50 million people is believed to have been the most severe epidemic in history 提能力　语基讲练 返回 variation n．变化物，变体；差异，变动 (教材原句)A new epidemic can be a different variation of a virus that people caught in the past. 一种新的流行病可能是人们过去感染的一种病毒的不同变种。 Ⅰ. 核心词汇练全 1 (1)vary vi.　 变化；改变 vary from...to... 从……到……不等 vary with　　　　 随……而变化 vary in　　　　 在……方面不同/有差异 (2)variety n.　　　　 多样化，变化；种类，品种 a variety of/varieties of 各种各样的 (3)various adj.　　　　 各种各样的，各种不同的 归 纳 单句语法填空/补全句子/一句多译 ①Genetic (vary) within a species is the foundation of natural selection. ②Opinions on the origin of the epidemic (人们观点不一)． ③The density of water (随温度变化)． ④我们应该参加各种各样的活动以强身健体和开阔视野。 →We should take part in to build up our body and broaden our horizons.(variety) →We are supposed to take part in ，which can build up our body and broaden our horizons.(various) variation vary from person to person varies with temperature a variety/varieties of activities various activities classify vt.将……分类；把……归入一类 (教材原句)Each disease can only officially be classified as an epidemic once a certain number of deaths have occurred from the disease. 只有致死病例达到一定数量，某种疾病才会被正式定性为流行病。 2 (1)classify...into...　 把……分成……类 classify...as... 把……划分为……； 把……列为…… (2)classification n. 归类，分类，分级 归 纳 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The movie had some funny parts，but I wouldn't classify it a comedy. ②The book gives a detailed explanation of the origin，the processing skills and the (classify)of tea. ③最近，我们为贵校购买了大约150本书，按内容可分为三类。 Recently，we've bought about 150 books for your school，which __________ _____________three categories by content. as classification can be classified into opposed adj.与某事物相反；反对某事物，不赞成某事物 (教材原句)...as opposed to more common diseases，such as the flu，that have a higher baseline. ……与此相反，更为常见的疾病的基线较高，如流感。 3 (1)be opposed to 反对……；与……对立 as opposed to 与……截然相反；而不是 (2)oppose(doing)sth 反对(做)某事 oppose sb's doing sth 反对某人做某事 归 纳 佳句　Some experts，as we can see from the cartoon，approve of it while other senior school students are opposed to it.从这幅漫画中我们可以看出，一些专家赞成，而其他高中生则反对。 单句语法填空/句式升级 ①Her parents opposed (she)going abroad. ②All the kind people in the country oppose (give)military aid to that country. ③The mayor is strongly opposed to (build)a new hall，which may cost a lot of money. ④The government postponed the new proposal because a lot of people were against to it. → ，the government postponed it.(with复合结构) her giving building With a lot of people opposed to/opposing the new proposal 温馨提示　(be)opposed to结构中，to为介词，其后跟动词时，要用动词-ing形式。 bury vt.埋葬，安葬；埋藏 (教材原句)Families who had only just got through the war now had to bury their loved ones who had died of the disease.刚刚熬过战争的人们现在不得不埋葬他们死于该疾病的亲人。 4 bury vt.　　　 遮盖；把……插入(某物) bury oneself in　　　　 埋头于；专心于 be buried in　　　　 专心于；被埋葬在…… bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面 归 纳 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①She sat there and said nothing， (bury)in thought. ② (bury)his face in his hands，he tried to control his weeping. ③He walked slowly along the canal，his hand (bury)in his pocket. ④一旦你沉浸在唐诗中，你就会被神奇的汉语所吸引。 →Once ，you'll be charmed by the wonderful Chinese language. →Once ，you'll be charmed by the wonderful Chinese language. 温馨提示　表示“专心于”的其他表达：be absorbed in；be lost in；be devoted to/devote oneself to；concentrate on；focus on等。 buried Burying buried you bury yourself in Tang poems you are buried in Tang poems 一、一词多义——factor A．n.因素，要素 　　B．n.系数　　C．n.倍数 1．The wind-chill factor will make it seem colder. ____ 2．Obesity is a major risk factor in many diseases. ____ 3．The real wage of the average worker has increased by a factor of over ten in the last 70 years. ____ 二、熟词生义 1．Waiter，I specifically asked for this steak rare. ____________ 2．The gang entered the building posing as workmen. ____________ 认知深化 B A C adj.半熟的 v.佯装，冒充 句型公式：with复合结构 (教材原句)With recent press reports drawing parallels between bird flu and killer epidemics of the past，Jim Smith looks at the sometimes depressing history of epidemics...最近有新闻报道将禽流感和过去致命的流行病做对比时，吉姆·史密斯研究了有时令人沮丧的流行病史…… Ⅱ. 典型句式讲透 1 句中With recent press reports drawing parallels...是“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”组成的with复合结构，在句中作状语，with复合结构也可以作定语。  with＋宾语＋宾语补足语 归 纳 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①With a lot of homework (do)，I can't go skating with you. ②With tears of gratitude (roll)down his cheeks，Peter said thankfully， “You've saved me today.I couldn't thank you enough.” ③埃莉吓傻了，嘴巴张得大大的。 Elli was stunned there， ． ④只穿着一件衬衫的那个孩子冻得直发抖。 The child is trembling with cold. to do rolling with her mouth widely open with only a shirt on 句型公式：动词-ing形式(短语)作结果状语 (教材原句)Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area's population died from the epidemic，making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire. 现今科学家估计，发病区域多达50%的人口死于这一流行病，成为罗马帝国衰落的一个主要原因。 2 句中making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire是动词　-ing形式短语作结果状语。 (1)动词-ing形式短语作结果状语表示自然而然的结果，有时其前可加thus表示强调； (2)动词不定式短语作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果，其前常加only表示强调。 归 纳 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①For the sake of convenience，people use plastic in their daily life，_______ (leave)large amount of waste. ②Yesterday I went to see my good friend，only (learn)that she had gone abroad a week before. ③我相信这段经历也会对你有益，使你的交换生生活更加丰富多彩和有意义。 I believe the experience will also be beneficial to you，___________________ _____________________________________________． 返回 leaving to learn making your life as an exchange student more colourful and rewarding 课时测评 返回 维度一　根据汉语及首字母提示填入单词的适当的形式(每小题1分，共8分) 1．Safety (因素) are critical in bridge design to account for material uncertainties. 2．Too much screen time (造成)a threat to our physical health. 3．There is no need to carry cash with the (分布广的)use of mobile payment. 4．Chang'e-5 mission makes China the third nation in the world to bring back lunar (样品)． 语境基础练 factors poses widespread samples 5．Scientists have established the relationship between (肺)cancer and smoking. 6．His death set in motion a train of events that led to the (爆发)of war. 7．The judge reacted angrily to the suggestion that it hadn't been a fair ______ (审判)． 8．If any abnormal s occurs while you are taking the medicine，consult your doctor. lung outbreak trial ymptom 维度二　单句语法填空(每小题1分，共10分) 1． (actual)，only by getting moving can we achieve our final goal. 2．We went through the report (thorough)to find the related information. 3．60% of the interviewees argue for rubbish (classify)． 4．I don't like to define my work as a daily routine，which can be very (depress)． 5． (bury)in his books，he was not aware it was raining outside. 6．In the middle to high latitudes，rainfall has risen (steady)over the last 20 to 30 years. Actually thoroughly classification depressing Buried steadily 7．It is (estimate)that the stubborn boy can't find an appropriate way to get out of the trap. 8．A man stood up and crossed his arms over his head，signalling that he was strongly (oppose)． 9．With the help of a telescope，we can see numberless stars ______________ (visible) to the naked eye. 10．Look for a candidate who has a (system)approach to solving problems. estimated opposed invisible systematic 维度三　完成句子/句式升级/一句多译(每小题4分，共12分) 1．中国已经修建了更多的公路，这让人们的出行变得更容易。(动词-ing形式短语作结果状语) More highways have been built in China，_____________________________ _____________________________． 2．Because all the things had been bought，she headed for home joyfully. → ，she headed for home joyfully.(with复合结构) 3．据报道，警方目前正在调查此案。 ① police are looking into this case at present. ② this case at present. making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another With all the things bought It is reported that Police are reported to be looking into 维度四　教材知识迁移(每小题1分，共10分) 阅读下面新情景，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Epidemics caused by several different 1. (factor)have been happening for as long as there have been people living on Earth.Each disease can only officially 2. (classify)as an epidemic when it causes a certain number of deaths. factors be classified Jim Smith who tried to compare the bird flu epidemic occurring in 1997 3. other deadly epidemics in our history conducted a study.He found one of the earliest epidemics on record happened between about 500 and 550 CE.Up to 50% of the area's population died from the epidemic，4. returned in the 1330s in Asia，known as“The Black Death”，spreading rapidly to Europe. with which The Great Flu Epidemic，also known as the Spanish Flu，which is believed 5. (be)the most severe epidemic in history，broke out in 1918，just near the end of World War Ⅰ，6. (kill)up to 50 million people.The SARS epidemic lasting from 2002 to 2003 initially 7.____________ (appear) in Guangdong Province，spread to Canada，Vietnam and Singapore and infected about 8，000 people.8. according to official records the Ebola Virus Disease(EVD)killed 11，310 people in west African countries only，the actual number of deaths is probably much higher.The virus was extremely 9. (infect)and the survival rate was very low in some areas. to have been killing appeared Although infectious Faced with the epidemics，governments are 10. (globe)working together to make medical research，coming up with cures and saving lives. globally Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2025·浙江省嘉兴八校期中) Artificial intelligence(AI)has been making remarkable progress in the medical field in recent years.AI is being applied in various aspects of health care，bringing about revolutionary(革命性的)changes. 素能提升练 In the area of disease diagnosis(诊断)，AI-powered systems are showing great potential.These systems can analyze vast amounts of patient data，including medical images such as X-rays，CT scans，and MRIs.For example，some AI algorithms(算法)can detect early signs of cancer in medical images with a high level of accuracy.They can spot tiny tumors or abnormal cell patterns that might be overlooked by human doctors.This is because AI can process and learn from a huge number of previous cases，constantly improving its diagnostic capabilities. When it comes to drug development，AI also plays a crucial role.It can speed up the process of finding new drugs.AI algorithms can analyze the chemical structures of various substances and predict how they will interact with the human body.This helps pharmaceutical(制药的)companies to screen potential drug candidates more efficiently.Instead of spending years on trial-and-error in the laboratory，they can use AI to narrow down the options and focus on the most promising ones. Medical robots are another area where AI is making an impact.Robots can assist surgeons during operations.These intelligent robots can be more precise than human hands in some cases.They can follow pre-programmed instructions accurately，reducing the risk of human error during complex surgical procedures.Also，some robots are designed to provide care for patients，such as helping them move around or reminding them to take medications. In conclusion，the application of AI in the medical field is opening up new possibilities for improving health care quality，saving lives，and advancing medical research. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人工智能在医疗领域的三大应用：通过分析大量数据提高疾病诊断准确性、加速药物研发流程，以及通过医疗机器人提升手术精准度和患者护理效率，展现了人工智能对医疗行业的革命性影响。 1．What is one key advantage of AI-powered systems in disease diagnosis？ A．They only focus on treating minor illnesses. B．They can completely replace human doctors. C．They process and analyze large amounts of medical data. D．They do not require any training with past cases. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“In the area of disease diagnosis(诊断)，AI-powered systems are showing great potential.These systems can analyze vast amounts of patient data，including medical images such as X-rays，CT scans，and MRIs.”可知，该系统在疾病诊断领域的优势是可以处理和分析大量医疗数据。故选C。 √ 2．How does AI contribute to drug development？ A．By directly producing new drugs in seconds. B．By reducing the cost of laboratory equipment. C．By slowing down the process of finding new drugs. D．By predicting interactions between chemicals and the human body. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“AI algorithms can analyze the chemical structures of various substances and predict how they will interact with the human body.”可知，人工智能可以预测化学药物与人体的相互作用，从而加速药物研发。故选D。 √ 3．Which of the following statements is true according to Paragraph 4？ A．Medical robots can only assist surgeons during operations. B．Medical robots are mainly designed to help patients move around. C．Medical robots can help reduce the occurrence of errors in complex surgical procedures. D．Medical robots are always more precise than human hands in all surgical procedures. √ 细节理解题。根据第四段中“These intelligent robots can be more precise than human hands in some cases.They can follow pre-programmed instructions accurately，reducing the risk of human error during complex surgical procedures.”可知，医疗机器人可以帮助减少复杂外科手术过程中错误的发生。故选C。 4．Which title best summarizes the passage？ A．The Role of AI in Drug Development B．The Applications of AI in Health care C．The Limitations of AI in Modern Medicine D．The Comparison of Medical Robots and Human Surgeons √ 标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“Artificial intelligence(AI)has been making remarkable progress in the medical field in recent years.AI is being applied in various aspects of health care，bringing about revolutionary(革命性的)changes.”可知，文章围绕AI在医疗领域的三大应用展开，包括疾病诊断、药物研发和医疗机器人。故选B。 B (2025·深圳第二实验中学月考) A watched pot never boils，but time has wings when you're having fun.The familiar saying has a basis in solid science—our sense of time does expand and contract depending on the way we experience the world.Even delicate visual features can affect how we perceive time.New research shows more memorable images seem to last longer. Martin Wiener，head of the research，says the finding helps reveal how the brain's time-bending strategy allows it to process and remember more information.While what is actually happening in the brain when time seems to expand remains unclear，scientists suspect it may have something to do with helping the brain process more information in limited time. This is especially relevant for the brain's visual system which，subjected to information overload，has to rank in order of importance，allowing for limited resources.Recent research has shown some images are more naturally memorable than others. To understand how this memorability of an image，along with a few simpler visual features such as scene size and disorder，might relate to our subjective sense of time，Wiener and his colleagues conducted related experiments，in which subjects were shown images with varying durations and were asked to categorize whether the length of time on the screen was either“short”or“long”．The next day they were given a surprise memory test to see which images they recalled seeing. The researchers found larger scene sizes seemed to extend time while more disorderly scenes seemed to contract it.Besides，the subjects perceived more memorable images remained on the screen longer，even if they were all presented for the same amount of time.To find the underlying factor，the team fed the same memorability-ranked images to a neural(神经的)network modeled after the brain's visual system and found more memorable images were processed faster. The explanation for why our brain's faster processing would slow time is that it's increasing the amount of information it can take in at once.Limited resources to process information may act as a sort of bottleneck，which the brain can widen when it needs to absorb more information，thus dilating time. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究，该研究表明，更令人难忘的图像似乎持续的时间更长。文章解释了大脑处理信息的过程以及研究的开展经过。 5．What does the saying“A watched pot never boils”describe？ A．The unnoticed passage of time. B．The feeling that time hangs heavy. C．The hardship of preparing cuisine. D．The perception that time is confusing. 细节理解题。根据第一段“A watched pot never boils...Even delicate visual features can affect how we perceive time.”可知，开心时时间过得快，与之形成对比，“心急锅不开”这句话描述了时间沉重的感觉，即“时间难熬”之意。故选B。 √ 6．How does the brain's visual system handle information？ A．By setting priorities. B．By comparing similar scenes. C．By sorting randomly. D．By screening out complex images. 细节理解题。根据第三段“This is especially relevant for the brain's visual system which，subjected to information overload，has to rank in order of importance，allowing for limited resources.”可知，大脑的视觉系统通过设定优先级处理信息。故选A。 √ 7．Which of the images seems to last longest if shown on the screen for an equal duration based on the study？ √ 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The researchers found...even if they were all presented for the same amount of time.”可知，根据这项研究，如果在屏幕上显示相同的时间，B图片尺寸大且最有序，所以持续时间最长。故选B。 8．What does the underlined word“dilating”in the last paragraph mean？ A．Using up.　　　 B．Cutting down. C．Stretching out.　　　 D．Clearing away. 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Limited resources to process information may act as a sort of bottleneck，which the brain can widen when it needs to absorb more information”可知，处理信息的资源有限可能会成为一种瓶颈，所以扩大瓶颈就可以延长时间，故画线词意思是“延长”。故选C。 √ Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) Becoming refreshed without sleeping Sometimes there is just not enough hours in the day to get everything done and get a good night's rest. 　1 　 Once in a while you can get away with a sleepless night and still feel reasonably good by adjusting your meals and activities. ·　2 　 The last thing you want to do when you are tired is get warm and cozy，which will cause you to fall asleep.Keeping the air conditioner on will make you feel much more alert and refreshed. ·Eat small amounts.Eating small amounts of healthy food will help refresh you.Fruit and nuts are a good choice because they are nutritious and will energize you. 　3　Try to stick to low-carbon meals to keep you going.Chewing gum after your snack or small meal will also help keep you awake. ·Keep it bright.When it is dark your body thinks it is time to go to sleep.Turn on lots of lights，which will trick your body into waking up and feeling better. 　4 　 You get double the benefits if it is daytime. ·Take a break.Taking a little break will help you in the long run.Turn up some energizing music to get yourself positive.Relax and talk to a friend in person or on the phone for a few minutes. 　5　 A．Keep it cool. B．Calm down and sleep. C．Avoid big，heavy meals as they will make you tired. D．Going outside whether it is day or night for some fresh air. E．Missing sleep regularly can make you sick and should be avoided. F．When you are tired，you may just want to sit around and do nothing. G．Having a good time for a few minutes will refresh you quicker than anything else. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了不睡觉使你精神焕发的方法。 Sometimes there is just not enough hours in the day to get everything done and get a good night's rest.__________________________________________ ________________ Once in a while you can get away with a sleepless night and still feel reasonably good by adjusting your meals and activities. E．Missing sleep regularly can make you sick and 根据上文“有时候，一天中没有足够的时间来完成每件事，并得到一个好的睡眠。”以及空格下文“偶尔你也能度过一个不眠之夜，并通过调整你的饮食和活动仍然感觉不错。”可知，前面说一天中没有足够的时间得到一个好睡眠，后面要说经常这样缺觉的后果，E项“经常失眠会使你生病，应该避免。”符合语境。故选E。 should be avoided. ·________________ The last thing you want to do when you are tired is get warm and cozy，which will cause you to fall asleep.Keeping the air conditioner on will make you feel much more alert and refreshed. A．Keep it cool. 此空相当于一个小标题。根据小标题的特点和下文每段首句可知，此空应该是一个祈使句，再根据下文“让空调开着会让你感到更加清醒和精神振奋。”可知，A项“保持凉爽环境。”符合语境。故选A。 ·Eat small amounts.Eating small amounts of healthy food will help refresh you.Fruit and nuts are a good choice because they are nutritious and will energize you. __________________________________________________Try to stick to low-carbon meals to keep you going.Chewing gum after your snack or small meal will also help keep you awake. C．Avoid big，heavy meals as they will make you tired. 根据上文“吃少量的食物。吃少量的健康食品有助于恢复体力。”以及空格下文“试着坚持低碳饮食来保持健康。”可知，此空是在说明吃太多的坏处，C项“避免食用丰盛的大餐，它们会使你疲劳。”符合语境，故选C。 ·Keep it bright.When it is dark your body thinks it is time to go to sleep.Turn on lots of lights，which will trick your body into waking up and feeling better._____________________________________________________ You get double the benefits if it is daytime. 根据上文“当天黑的时候，身体会认为该睡了。把灯打开，这会让你的身体清醒过来，感觉更好。”以及空格下文“如果是白天，你会得到双倍的福利。”可知，这是在说前面的行为带来的好处，D项“无论是白天还是晚上，到外面去呼吸新鲜空气。”承上启下，符合语境。故选D。 D．Going outside whether it is day or night for some fresh air. ·Take a break.Taking a little break will help you in the long run.Turn up some energizing music to get yourself positive.Relax and talk to a friend in person or on the phone for a few minutes._______________________________ ____________________________________________ G．Having a good time for a few 根据上文“从长远来看，稍微休息一下对你有好处。播放一些充满活力的音乐让自己积极向上。放松一下，与朋友当面或电话交谈几分钟。”可知，前面建议做的事情都是休息一会儿，G项“开心几分钟比任何事情都能让你更快地恢复精力。”总结上文，符合语境。故选G。 minutes will refresh you quicker than anything else. Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) (2025·河南阶段练习) Rice paper has a rich cultural history and diverse 1. _______________ (application)，primarily in Asian cuisine and arts.This delicate paper is made from the rice plant or various other plants 2._______ bamboo，and it possesses unique characteristics 3.____________ set it apart from conventional paper. Rice paper typically exhibits a thin，translucent(半透明的)quality while remaining strong enough for various uses.That's because during production process，the raw material is pounded and then dried under controlled conditions 4.____________(ensure)durability(持久性)of rice paper. applications like that/which to ensure Rice paper is most famous for its use in spring rolls.It has the ability to transform from a stiff sheet to a flexible one ideal for 5.____________(wrap) fresh vegetables，meats，and herbs. Besides，rice paper plays an 6.____________(incredible)significant role in traditional East Asian painting and calligraphy.Artists take advantage of the unique features of rice paper to create 7.________(deep)in their works，showcasing the skill of the artist and the material's capabilities. Transitioning from these traditional uses，rice paper has recently gained popularity in Western cultures，leading to more 8.____________(innovate) dishes and modern crafts. wrapping incredibly depth innovative In summary，rice paper is not that simple.As cultures continue to mix，the potential for rice paper to inspire both new recipes and artistic expressions 9.________(remain) promising，ensuring that this unique material finds 10.________(it)place in kitchens and studios around the globe. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了宣纸的历史、特性及其在亚洲美食和艺术中的广泛应用，同时探讨了它在西方文化中的新兴用途及其未来潜力。 remains its 1．答案：applications 考查名词复数。根据形容词diverse可知，此处应用名词复数形式，application为可数名词。故填applications。 考查介词。空后bamboo为具体举例，此处需填表示举例的介词，like作介词意为“像，例如”。故填like。 2．答案：like 3．答案：that/which       考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为characteristics，指物，从句缺少主语，需用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。 考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词，空处需填非谓语动词，根据句意可知，需用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to ensure。 4．答案：to ensure 5．答案：wrapping 考查非谓语动词。for为介词，空处需填动词-ing形式作宾语。故填wrapping。 考查副词。空处修饰形容词significant，需用副词形式。故填incredibly。 6．答案：incredibly 考查名词。空处作动词create的宾语，需用名词形式depth，表示抽象意义，为不可数名词。故填depth。 7．答案：depth 8．答案：innovative 考查形容词。空处修饰名词dishes，需用形容词形式。故填innovative。 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，主语为不可数名词potential，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式，描述客观事实，时态为一般现在时。故填remains。 9．答案：remains 考查代词。空处修饰名词place，应用形容词性物主代词。故填its。 10．答案：its 返回 谢 谢 观 看 UNIT 9　HUMAN BIOLOGY 返回 $