Unit 11 Section Ⅲ Grammar-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（北师大版）

该高中英语课件聚焦情态动词语法，通过“初识语法 品语篇”环节，以电脑故障求助语篇为例引导学生发现情态动词表能力、意愿等功能，搭建从具体语篇到抽象规则的学习支架，系统梳理情态动词的类型、特征及基本用法。 其亮点在于融合语境化练习与多维度测评，“巧学活用”题组结合语篇场景，“课时测评”涵盖单句填空、语法写作及语篇填空，助力语言能力提升。融入社会话题阅读材料，培养学生思维品质，教师可高效开展分层教学，学生能在实践中深化语法理解与运用。

UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 人与社会——社区生活、人际关系、社会交往和社会问题 Section Ⅲ　Grammar 情态动词 内容索引 初识语法　品语篇 1 精研语法　巧点拨 2 课时测评 3 初识语法　品语篇 返回 语法串烧 Last night，I was writing my papers on the computer when suddenly it broke down. Since I couldn't ①fix it myself，I had to call a colleague who is expert at the computer to ask for help. When I got through，he said he was free and would② like to come to my house to help. When he arrived，he turned on the computer，checked it out，and said there might③ be something wrong with the circuit. After about half an hour，he fixed the computer. I thanked him，but he said I needn't④ because people should help each other. 我的发现 返回 黑体部分均为情态动词，其中____表示能力；____表示主观愿望或意志；____表示对过去已经发生的行为的推测；____用作情态动词，意为“不必”。 ① ② ③ ④ 精研语法　巧点拨 返回 一、情态动词概述 1．情态动词的类型 (1)只作情态动词的有：must，can(could)，may(might)，ought to。 (2)可作情态动词也可作实义动词的有：need，dare。 (3)可作情态动词也可作助动词的有：shall(should)，will(would)。 (4)具有情态动词的某些特征的有：be able to，have(has) to，used to，had better。 2．情态动词的特征 (1)有一定的词义，但不能单独作谓语，它们要和行为动词或系动词连用，构成谓语。 (2)适用于主语的各种人称(have to和be able to例外)。 (3)后接动词原形。 二、情态动词的基本用法 1．表示能力(can/could/be able to) (1)can表示一般的能力，could泛指过去的能力。 Mary can speak three languages. 玛丽能说3门语言。 (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Additionally，it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital，restaurant or school. 此外，它还可以为医院、餐厅或学校等更大的受众提供服务。 (2)can在时态上只有现在时和过去时两种，而be able to则有更多的时态；be able to强调“通过努力有能力做到”，如果表示“已经成功做成”应用was/were able to，而不用could。 The fire spread through the building very quickly but everyone was able to get out. 尽管这场大火很快蔓延到整个大楼，但是每个人都逃出去了。 2．表示请求、允许、允诺(can/could/may/might/shall/will/would) (1)表示请求、允许时，在一般疑问句中could可以代替can，但could表示的语气更委婉，答语要用can。 —Can/Could I have a look at your new pen？ ——我可以看一下你的新钢笔吗？ —Yes，you can. ——可以。 (2)may表示请求、允许，意为“可以”。might表示的语气更委婉。might可以指过去的时间，也可指现在的时间。其疑问句的否定回答为I'm afraid not或mustn't。 May/Might I ask for a photo of your baby？ 我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？ (3)shall 用于第一、三人称的疑问句，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。 Shall I/he go to see you？ 我/他去看你，好吗？ (4)shall用于第二、三人称的陈述句，表示说话者的意志，用来表示说话者给对方的命令、指示、允诺。此种用法还可以用来宣布法律、规定。 You shall get a new bike if you pass the coming examination. 如果你通过了即将举行的考试，你会得到一辆新自行车。(允诺) Each student shall wear the school uniform. 每个学生都要穿校服。(宣布规定) (5)will表示请求、建议，用于疑问句，常与第二人称连用。 Will you close the window？It's a bit cold. 请把窗户关上好吗？有点冷。 (6)would用于第二人称，表示委婉地提出请求、建议或看法，比will更为客气。 Would you mind cleaning the window？ 请把窗户擦一下好吗？ 3．表示必要性(must/need/should/ought to) (1)must表示必要、命令或强制，意为“必须，应该”(指说话人的主观意志)。在回答must引导的疑问句时，如果是否定的回答，通常不用mustn't，而要用needn't或don't have to。 (2025·浙江1月卷)While I appreciate the enthusiasm for sharing creative content，we must also consider the potential drawbacks. 虽然我欣赏大家分享创意内容的热情，但我们也必须考虑到其中可能存在的弊端。 —Must I give up smoking？我必须戒烟吗？ —Yes，you must. 是的，你必须戒。 —No，you needn't/don't have to. 不，你不必戒。 (2)need用作情态动词时，没有词形的变化，后面跟不带to的动词不定式(即跟动词原形)，通常用于否定句和疑问句中。 He that serves well need not be afraid to ask his wages. 只要工作好，报酬少不了。 (3)should表示义务、责任或劝告、建议、命令等，意为“应该”，用于各种人称。 You should be polite to your teachers. 你对老师应该有礼貌。 (4)ought to表示义务，意为“应该”，表达的语气比should更重。 You are his father. You ought to take care of him. 你是他的父亲。你应当照顾他。 4．表示意愿或勇气(will/would/dare) (1)will表示主观意志、意愿，用于各种人称的陈述句。 He will/would take you home. 他愿意送你回家。 (2)would作为will的过去式，用于过去时中，表示主观愿望或意志。 I said I would do my best to help you. 我说过我愿意尽我最大努力来帮你。 (3)dare作情态动词时主要用于否定句、疑问句以及条件句中，没有人称和数的变化，但有过去式dared，另外，它还可作实义动词。 She dare not go out alone at night. 她晚上不敢一个人出去。 5．表示推测(can/could/may/might/must/should/would/ought to) (1)can/could表示可能性，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。 He can't have enough money for a new car. 他不可能有足够的钱买一辆新车。 (2)may/might表示推测时主要用于肯定句或否定句中，might的可能性比may更小。 There may be another problem that we don't know about. 可能有我们不知道的另一个问题。 Life is unpredictable；even the poorest may/might become the richest. 人生难以预料，即便是最穷的人也有可能成为最富有的人。 (3)must表示有把握的推测，意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句中。对目前情况的推测用must do；对正在发生的事情的推测用must be doing；对过去情况的推测用must have done。 You must be hungry after a long walk. 走了那么长的路你一定饿了。 Someone must have used my umbrella yesterday. I found it wet. 昨天一定有人用了我的伞，我发现它湿了。 (4)should表示有一定根据的推测、推论或可能性，意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等(肯定的语气没有must表推测时强)。 —I'll come for the books he sent me tomorrow morning. OK？ ——我明天上午来取他寄给我的书。好吗？ —OK. They should be here by that time. ——好的。到那时它们按道理应该到了。 (5)would表示预料或猜想，意为“也许，大概”。 It would be ten when he left home. 他离开家时大概是十点钟。 (6)ought to表示推测，暗含很大的可能，语气较强。 If he started out at nine，he ought to be here by now. 他如果九点出发，现在应该到这里了。 巧学活用1——用适当的情态动词填空 ①Jim says we _____ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy. ②In today's information age，the loss of data _____ cause serious problems for a company. ③It's especially important that every piece of equipment ________ be checked before the experiment. ④I'm sorry，but you ______ go wrong. There's no such man here. ⑤Students ______ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected according to the regulation. can can should must shall 三、情态动词的特殊用法 1．can的特殊用法 (1)表示可能性(理论上或是逻辑判断上)。 On such a rainy day，accidents can happen. 在这样的雨天，有时会发生事故。 (2)cannot...too/enough表示“无论……也不过分”；“越……越好”。 You can't be too careful while driving. 开车时越小心越好。 2．may的特殊用法 (1)may well＋动词原形，意为“很可能，完全能”。 Her appearance has changed so much that you might well not recognize her. 她的模样变化如此之大，你很有可能认不出她了。 (2)may as well＋动词原形，意为“最好，蛮可以，不妨，干脆”。 We may as well stay where we are. 我们待在现在的地方倒也不错。 3．must的特殊用法 must表示“偏要，硬要”做某事，指令人不快的事情。 The car must break down just when we were about to start off. 我们正要出发的时候偏偏车坏了。 4．should的特殊用法 should多用于疑问句中，表示惊讶、难以相信或不应该的事，常与why或how连用，意为“竟会”。 I find it astonishing that John should be so rude to me. 约翰竟然这样粗鲁地对待我，我感到很震惊。 5．will/would的特殊用法 will/would表示某种倾向或习惯性动作，意为“经常，惯于，总是”。will用来叙述目前的习惯；would表示过去的习惯。 Rose will always be late for school. 罗斯上学总是迟到。 He would get up early when he lived in the country. 他住在乡下时总是早起。 巧学活用2——用适当的情态动词填空 ①You can't imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ________ be so rude to a lady. ②The team ______ well win the championship this year，considering their excellent performance. ③I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ________ take me to Disneyland at weekends. ④He ______ argue about everything，even when he's wrong. should may would must 四、“情态动词＋have done”的用法 1．must have done 表示对过去已经发生的行为进行推测，意为“想必/准是/一定做了某事”，常用于肯定句。 Jack described his father，who must have been a brave boy many years ago，as a strong-willed man. 杰克把他的父亲描述成一个意志坚强的人，他认为多年前他的父亲一定是个勇敢的男孩。 2．can/could have done表示本来能够做某事而实际上没有做；can't/couldn't have done表示对过去情况的否定推测。 You could have done better，but you were too careless. 你本来能做得更好，但你当时太粗心了。 I saw Mr Wang just now. He couldn't have gone to Beijing. 我刚才看见王先生了。他不可能去北京了。 3．may/might have done表示对过去已经发生的行为的推测，常用于肯定句和否定句中，意为“想必；也许；可能已经；本可以做(实际却没做)”，其否定形式含有“可能不会”之意。 I'm not sure. He might have said so at the conference. 我不确定。或许在会上他说过这样的话。 4．should/ought to have done表示过去本应该做某事而实际上没有做；其否定形式表示过去本不应该做某事而实际上却做了。 You should have handed in your homework last week. 你本该上周交作业的。 You shouldn't have told him the bad news. 你本不该告诉他那个坏消息的。 5．needn't have done表示过去本不必做某事而实际上已经做了。 We needn't have waited for him. 我们本不必等他。 巧学活用3——完成句子 ①工人们组织得不够好，否则他们本能够在一半的时间内完成任务。 The workers were not better organized；otherwise they _______________ _____________ the task in half the time. ②保罗在演讲比赛中表现不错。他上周一定练习了很多次。 Paul did a great job in the speech contest. He __________________ many times last week. ③他现在不可能写完卷子。我十分钟之前留下他时，他还没有写一个字。 He _________________ writing the paper now. He hadn't written a single word when I left him ten minutes ago. ④她本不必这么早打扫房子的，我们直到晚上才会回来。 She ___________________ the house so early. We won't come back until evening. could have must have practised can't have finished needn't have cleaned accomplished 知识网络 返回 课时测评 返回 维度一　单句语法填空(每小题1分，共10分) 1．The ground is wet. It _______________(rain) last night. 2．An improvement in living standards ______ be years away. 3．David，______ you please sweep the floor and take out the trash？ 4．They all said that he _______ come home before the Spring Festival. 5．I _________________(work) out the problem，but I was too nervous. 6．However，you ______ also decide for yourself what kind of books to read. 语境基础练 must have rained could could might could have worked must 7．Chris ______ go to the opera on Sunday because he is going to have a meeting. 8．Sometimes it ____________ be helpful to use examples to explain abstract concepts. 9．Taking up a job that is worth doing ______ give people mental satisfaction. 10．The project failed.You __________________(check) the data. can't might/may can should have checked 维度二　语法与写作(每小题4分，共20分) 1．让每个人都感到惊讶的是，我们一向无敌的校队竟然在这场比赛中失利了。 To everyone's surprise，our unbeatable school team __________________ ______. 2．我们本来可以准时完成任务的，但交通堵塞毁了我们的计划。 We ______________________________________ on time，but the traffic jam destroyed our plan. 3．学生们仍然不懂他所说的，他可能没有把他的话表达清楚。 The students still can't understand what he said.He ______________________ _______. should have lost the might/could/would have completed the task may not have got himself game across 4．参观这个展览，我们不仅可以欣赏民间艺术作品，还可以学到很多东西。 Visiting this exhibition，we _______________________________ but also learn a lot. 5．老师在班里说：“请注意，任何人只要能回答我一个问题就会得到一份奖品。” “Attention，please._______________________________________________ _________________，” the teacher said in class. can not only enjoy the folk artworks Whoever can answer one of my questions shall get/ receive/have a prize 维度三　语法与语篇(每小题1分，共8分) 用适当的情态动词填空 I 1．________ have worried before I came to the new school，for my classmates here are very friendly to me.Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I danced as well as her.No one 2．____ be compared with Ellen in dancing. Jack is a great talker.It's high time that he did something instead of just talking. I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese，and I said “Ni Hao” just as I 3．_______ do in China.Teachers recommend parents 4．_________________ (allow；not) their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. Students 5．______ obey school rules.One of our rules is that every student 6．______ wear school uniform while at school. needn't can might (should) not allow must shall It is required by the rules that students 7．______ get grades not lower than 85 in any subject in order to get the scholarship.It is beyond my understanding that many adults 8．_______ be so crazy about Harry Potter series like me. shall should Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2025·甘肃白银模拟检测) There are two types of people：those who love nothing more than to be asked “Hey，can you jump on a quick call？” and those who would rather give themselves an escape than start dialing. According to a 2019 UK study of office workers，the latter group has grown in recent years. 素能提升练 Sure，the voice-calling function on your phone may now be one of the least important things，but it's still not something you can really avoid completely. You can make a restaurant reservation or a doctor's appointment online，but you need to call when you're running late. You can email a job application，but then you have to wait for the special type of hell that is the phone interview. For growing numbers，picking up the phone takes a great effort—especially，if the call is from an unknown number. Hating the phone doesn't necessarily mean you have social anxiety—the two often go hand in hand，but some people who are otherwise perfectly fine with social interactions have a deep-seated fear of making or receiving a call. So why，to so many people，does the phone seem like a scarier option than texting？ After all，with written communication，at least，you have time on your side：time to gather your thoughts，time to edit，and time to reconsider before hitting “send”. The phone gives you no such luxuries，meaning that until you hang up，you're thinking on your feet and every word is more of a gamble. Pauses are more loaded，too; in person，you can see when someone is thinking or when they're distracted. But over the phone，especially for the anxiety-prone，every silence can be a sign that things are going wrong. It seems we still need the phone for reasons large and small. And the first step to getting over your fear is understanding why you have it in the first place. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种心理现象：电话恐惧。 1．What does the UK study find？ A．Using phones too much may bring social anxiety. B．The number of people hating phone calls is increasing. C．More and more people are willing to do office work. D．Texting has become the phone's least important function. √ 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，英国的研究发现讨厌打电话的人越来越多。故选B。 2．Why are some examples mentioned in Paragraph 2？ A．To highlight the inconvenience of phone calls. B．To illustrate the importance of in-person interactions. C．To show the necessity of phone calls in certain situations. D．To emphasize the rise of online communication platforms. √ 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，在第二段中提到了一些例子为了说明在某些情况下打电话的必要性。故选C。 3．In what way does texting outweigh calling？ A．Calling sometimes costs much more. B．Texting gives luxuries that allow people to rethink. C．Texting is more efficient for making reservations. D．Calling has silences which might produce conflict. √ 细节理解题。根据第四段“After all，with written communication，at least，you have time on your side：time to gather your thoughts，time to edit，and time to reconsider before hitting ‘send’．” 可知，发短信这种书面交流的方式可以让人有思考的时间。故选B。 4．What does the author suggest in the last paragraph？ A．Using phones as less as possible. B．Avoiding silences while chatting on the phone. C．Reminding friends when they're distracted. D．Finding out the reason why one hates phone calls. √ 推理判断题。根据最后一段“And the first step to getting over your fear is understanding why you have it in the first place.” 可知，最后一段作者暗示我们要找出一个人逃避电话的原因。故选D。 B “Individuals of all ages who have empathy (共情) understand that sometimes telling little white lies can protect other people from getting hurt，” says Barbara Greenberg，a clinical psychologist in Connecticut. “Most people that I have come across tell these little white lies because they understand that 100 percent honesty all the time is not beneficial.” A white lie，she explains，spares people from unnecessary hurt. At the same time，Dr.Julia Breur，a marriage and family therapist in Florida，emphasizes the importance of paying attention to the way we respond to someone. The fact is that not telling the truth can result in something unpleasant on you; it's not just about the person the white lie is being told to. For example，she says someone who always tells others that “all is good” when it comes to a sick parent in an effort to avoid discussions about how serious their health issue really is，can eventually face stressful experiences. When that parent eventually passes away，the person who always gave an “all is good” response ends up emotionally broken. Sometimes，telling white lies often depends on the situation，Dr. Breur says. For example，consider a woman who has not seen her mother for several months. The daughter has gained noticeable weight，yet the mother responds by excitedly declaring that she looks great. “During psychotherapy sessions with my patients，I emphasize that context helps define meaning，” Dr. Breur says. “So when we look at the context of a mother saying you look great when she clearly sees that her daughter has gained weight，it can be acceptable. It reflects the intention of the white lie which is kindness，protection and unconditional love. Otherwise，white lies—especially when told to avoid personal accountability—can start a cycle of mistrust between people，ultimately compromising integrity，” she adds. Therefore，it's important to ask ourselves when it is and isn't appropriate to deliver the honest truth，and when it's best to step back and offer a more delicate response. More often than not，it's about finding a balance between the two. 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了善意的谎言可以让人们免受不必要的伤害，但有时候，善意的谎言往往取决于具体的情况。 5．What can be learned about white lies according to Barbara Greenberg？ A．They are short-lived. B．They are unidentifiable. C．They are trouble-making. D．They are common. √ 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“‘Most people that I have come across tell these little white lies because they understand that 100 percent honesty all the time is not beneficial.’A white lie，she explains，spares people from unnecessary hurt.”可知，根据芭芭拉·格林伯格的说法，善意的谎言很常见。故选D。 6．What message does Dr. Breur deliver in Paragraph 2？ A．White lies can harm both the liars and the listeners. B．We must respond to our family members truthfully. C．It's wrong to tell white lies to a seriously ill parent. D．The “all is good” response is effective in dealing with patients. √ 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“At the same time，Dr. Julia Breur，a marriage and family...the person the white lie is being told to.”可知，Breur 博士认为，善意的谎言给说谎者和听者都会带来伤害。故选A。 7．What is Dr. Breur's attitude towards the mother's practice in Paragraph 3？ A．Uncaring. B．Critical. C．Supportive. D．Doubtful. √ 观点态度题。根据第三段中的“‘During psychotherapy sessions with my patients，I emphasize...ultimately compromising integrity，’she adds.”可知，Breur博士对母亲的做法持支持态度。故选C。 8．Which of the following is the best title for the text？ A．East or West，White Lies Are the Best B．Think Twice Before You Tell White Lies C．White Lies Signify Unconditional Love D．White Lies Are Empathetic People's Favorable Choice √ 标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段内容可知，本文主要论述了善意的谎言可以让人们免受不必要的伤害，但有时候，善意的谎言往往取决于具体的情况。因此，在说善意的谎言之前要三思。B项“Think Twice Before You Tell White Lies (说谎之前三思)”适合作为文章最佳标题。故选B。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) It's a great feeling when someone gives you a compliment (赞美)，isn't it？ 1 When you compliment someone，he/she will become open and begin to talk with you. How do you give an appropriate compliment，though？ It's important to be sincere and specific about your praise. When someone does an activity or a task particularly well，let him/her know about it by saying “You did a great job！” 2 For example，“That was a great presentation! I particularly liked the funny examples you used.” 3 You can use “I like” or “I love” to start compliments，especially if someone wears a new coat or has a new haircut. For example，“I love your hair today” or “I like your skirt”． When you've bought something new，it feels great when other people are excited about it. For example，if you take out your new mobile phone and a colleague says，“What a cool phone！”，it makes you feel like you made the right decision to buy it. 4 Compliment someone on their personalities and you'll make a new friend. For example，if you like how happy a co-worker is，you can tell him/her，“You are always so happy. It makes my day better.” 5 If you like how organized another colleague is，tell him/her，“I really appreciate how organized you are. I would love to be as organized as you.” A．It's a useful way to start a conversation，too. B．Everyone likes compliments about their appearance. C．Be careful with compliments about appearance，though. D．So，try giving someone a compliment and see their reaction. E．Return the favor by complimenting others on nice things they own. F．To make the compliment more meaningful，make it more specific. G．Use compliments like this for any quality that you appreciate in a person. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章建议读者为与他人很好地开始谈话和沟通可以对对方的优点进行赞美。 It's a great feeling when someone gives you a compliment (赞美)，isn't it？__________________________________________When you compliment someone，he/she will become open and begin to talk with you. How do you give an appropriate compliment，though？ It's important to be sincere and specific about your praise. 根据下文“When you compliment someone，he/she will become open and begin to talk with you.”可知，作者认为赞美对方可以使他/她愿意交谈。故A项“这也是开始谈话的一种有用的方式。”符合语境。故选A项。 A．It's a useful way to start a conversation，too. When someone does an activity or a task particularly well，let him/her know about it by saying “You did a great job！” ____________________ ______________________________________________ For example，“That was a great presentation! I particularly liked the funny examples you used.” 根据上文“When someone does an activity or a task particularly well，let him/her know about it by saying ‘You did a great job！’”及下文“For example，‘That was a great presentation! I particularly liked the funny examples you used.’”可知，下文的赞美的例子比空前的赞美更具体。故F项“为了让赞美更有意义，要让它更具体。”符合语境。故选F项。 F．To make the compliment more meaningful，make it more specific. _______________________________________________You can use “I like” or “I love” to start compliments，especially if someone wears a new coat or has a new haircut. For example，“I love your hair today” or “I like your skirt”． When you've bought something new，it feels great when other people are excited about it. For example，if you take out your new mobile phone and a colleague says，“What a cool phone！”，it makes you feel like you made the right decision to buy it. B．Everyone likes compliments about their appearance. 根据下文“You can use ‘I like’ or ‘I love’ to start compliments，especially if someone wears a new coat or has a new haircut. For example，‘I love your hair today’ or ‘I like your skirt’．”可知，作者建议读者赞美对方的外表。故B项“每个人都喜欢别人称赞自己的外表。”符合语境。故选B项。 ___________________________________________________________ Compliment someone on their personalities and you'll make a new friend. For example，if you like how happy a co-worker is，you can tell him/her，“You are always so happy. It makes my day better.” 5 If you like how organized another colleague is，tell him/her，“I really appreciate how organized you are. I would love to be as organized as you.” E．Return the favor by complimenting others on nice things they own. 根据下文“Compliment someone on their personalities and you'll make a new friend. For example，if you like how happy a co-worker is，you can tell him/her，‘You are always so happy.It makes my day better.’”及“If you like how organized another colleague is，tell him/her，‘I really appreciate how organized you are. I would love to be as organized as you.’”可知，本段在建议赞美对方所拥有的美好的品质。故E项“通过赞美别人拥有的美好之处来回报别人。”符合语境。故选E项。 ________________________________________________________________ If you like how organized another colleague is，tell him/her，“I really appreciate how organized you are. I would love to be as organized as you.” 根据下文“If you like how organized another colleague is，tell him/her，‘I really appreciate how organized you are. I would love to be as organized as you.’”可知，此处举例赞美你欣赏对方的地方。故G项“对于你欣赏的人身上的任何品质，你都可以这样赞美。”符合语境。故选G项。 G．Use compliments like this for any quality that you appreciate in a person. Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) (2025·云南昆明第一中学第八次联考) If life-and-death friendship is well worth celebrating，Alex Honnold，33，a free soloist (无绳攀登者) and Chin，44，a top climber-cinematographer (攀岩摄影师) deserve it，after countless heart-and-soul workouts. They made their 1 when Honnold was attempting to climb Yosemite's El Capitan，without any ropes or safety 2 . Chin was to film all the 3 of the most challenging risk，rappelling (绕绳下降) beside Honnold as he was conquering that nearly 3，000-foot cliff face. Some veteran climbers say there's no if a soloist falls—only when. Honnold can still 4 recall the horrifying images of his friends flailing (狂乱挥舞) into the canyon. 5 ，this man，with an inborn mindset of acute concentration，bulletproof confidence and religious calm，was determined to make this historic 6 ． Meanwhile，Chin and his team would reach the summit of Yosemite ahead of Honnold， 7 hundreds of pounds of cameras and supplies. Then，they would rappel down the cliff，using a type of hand winch (绞车) to keep 8 with Honnold. Since any tiny mistake would never 9 ，for filming that guy who was challenging “death”，no one was 10 to whisper，sneeze or even kick away a pebble，any of which could cause the 11 that might send Honnold into free dropping. Over days of preparation，Chin hoped to 12 every scene simply perfect to 13 that brave heart，while Honnold determined to make history. “We need to build 14 trust to secure ‘zero fault’ during that vital moment，” recalled Chin. When Honnold and Chin hugged on that summit to 15 their moment，they looked out at the distant mountain peaks，knowing they would be there together from then on. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了无绳攀登者Alex Honnold在没有安全装备的情况下攀登约塞米蒂国家公园的酋长岩，而攀岩摄影师Chin在他身边绕绳下降拍摄最具挑战性的场面，最终两人成功登顶，并成为生死之交。 1．A．acquaintance B．fortune C．contributions D．livings 2．A．inspection B．gear C．standards D．regulations √ 根据上文的friendship和文章最后一句中“knowing they would be there together from then on”可知，他们经过这件事后结下友谊，故此处是描述他们相识的场景，故选A。 √ 根据“without any ropes”可知，Honnold是无绳攀登者，没有安全装备，故选B。 3．A．samples B．shows C．mountains D．scenes 4．A．randomly B．temporarily C．vividly D．hardly √ 根据语境可知，此处指拍摄所有最具挑战性的场面，故选D。 √ 根据“horrifying images of his friends flailing (狂乱挥舞) into the canyon”可知，Honnold对这种可怕的场面仍然记得很清楚，故选C。 5．A．However B．Therefore C．Besides D．Overall 6．A．decision B．prediction C．change D．attempt √ 根据上文“horrifying images”和下文“was determined to make this historic ”可知，虽然清楚地记得那种可怕的场面，但是他还是决定尝试，上下文为转折关系，故选A。 √ 根据上文“when Honnold was attempting to climb Yosemite's El Capitan”可知，Honnold决心进行这一历史性的尝试，故选D。 7．A．dragging B．wiping C．fetching D．grabbing 8．A．balance B．faith C．pace D．contact √ 根据“hundreds of pounds of cameras and supplies”可知，此处表示Chin和他的团队拖着数百磅的相机和物资，故选A。 √ 根据上文“rappelling (绕绳下降) beside Honnold as he was conquering that nearly 3，000-foot cliff face”可知，Chin将在Honnold旁边拍摄他征服悬崖峭壁的画面，故此处指要跟上他的步伐，故选C。 9．A．change B．rescue C．avoid D．cease 10．A．limited B．forced C．promised D．allowed √ 结合语境以及下文“that guy who was challenging ‘death’”可知，Honnold在试图征服悬崖峭壁，挑战“死亡”，这是非常危险的行为，故任何微小的错误都无法挽救，故选B。 √ 根据下文“any of which could cause the that might send Honnold into free dropping”可知，此处描述这些行为的严重后果，故不允许这些行为发生，故选D。 11．A．coincidence B．distraction C．misbehavior D．confusion 12．A．shoot B．paint C．imagine D．describe √ 根据“whisper，sneeze or even kick away a pebble”可知，这些行为可能会分散Honnold的注意力，故选B。 √ 根据上文“Chin，44，a top climber-cinematographer (攀岩摄影师)”和“Chin was to film all the of the most challenging risk”可知，Chin是摄影师，他希望能把每一个场景都拍得完美，故选A。 13．A．put up with B．look up to C．live up to D．make up for 14．A．mutual B．mature C．moral D．neutral √ 根据“Chin hoped to every scene simply perfect”和语境可知，Chin 在Honnold身边绕绳下降拍照时也冒着极大的危险，故他希望把每一个场景都拍得完美，不辜负他勇敢的心，故选C。 √ 根据“to secure ‘zero fault’”可知，两人之间建立相互信任才能实现“零过错”，故选A。 15．A．defend B．maintain C．challenge D．celebrate √ 根据“When Honnold and Chin hugged on that summit”可知，他们成功到达山顶，故是拥抱庆祝这一时刻，故选D。 返回 谢 谢 观 看 UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 返回 $