Unit 11 Section Ⅲ Grammar-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书(北师大版)
2026-05-06
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资源信息
| 学段 | 高中 |
| 学科 | 英语 |
| 教材版本 | 高中英语北师大版选择性必修第四册 |
| 年级 | 高二 |
| 章节 | Lesson 1 Living in a Community |
| 类型 | 教案-讲义 |
| 知识点 | - |
| 使用场景 | 同步教学-新授课 |
| 学年 | 2026-2027 |
| 地区(省份) | 全国 |
| 地区(市) | - |
| 地区(区县) | - |
| 文件格式 | DOCX |
| 文件大小 | 198 KB |
| 发布时间 | 2026-05-06 |
| 更新时间 | 2026-05-06 |
| 作者 | 山东正禾大教育科技有限公司 |
| 品牌系列 | 金版新学案·高中同步课堂高效讲义 |
| 审核时间 | 2026-02-25 |
| 下载链接 | https://m.zxxk.com/soft/56529722.html |
| 价格 | 2.00储值(1储值=1元) |
| 来源 | 学科网 |
|---|
摘要:
本讲义聚焦高中英语情态动词核心知识点,从类型、特征概述入手,系统梳理表示能力、请求允许、必要性、意愿勇气、推测的基本用法,进而延伸至can、may等的特殊用法及“情态动词+have done”结构,构建由基础到复杂的递进式学习支架。
资料以“语法串烧”情境故事引入,结合高考真题实例解析,通过“巧学活用”分层练习强化应用。既助学生在语境中提升语言理解与表达能力,又通过逻辑化知识脉络培养思维品质,课中辅助教师高效授课,课后便于学生自主回顾查漏补缺,提升学习效率。
内容正文:
Section Ⅲ Grammar
情态动词
语法串烧
我的发现
Last night,I was writing my papers on the computer when suddenly it broke down. Since I couldn't ①fix it myself,I had to call a colleague who is expert at the computer to ask for help. When I got through,he said he was free and would② like to come to my house to help. When he arrived,he turned on the computer,checked it out,and said there might③ be something wrong with the circuit. After about half an hour,he fixed the computer. I thanked him,but he said I needn't④ because people should help each other.
黑体部分均为情态动词,其中①表示能力;②表示主观愿望或意志;③表示对过去已经发生的行为的推测;④用作情态动词,意为“不必”。
一、情态动词概述
1.情态动词的类型
(1)只作情态动词的有:must,can(could),may(might),ought to。
(2)可作情态动词也可作实义动词的有:need,dare。
(3)可作情态动词也可作助动词的有:shall(should),will(would)。
(4)具有情态动词的某些特征的有:be able to,have(has) to,used to,had better。
2.情态动词的特征
(1)有一定的词义,但不能单独作谓语,它们要和行为动词或系动词连用,构成谓语。
学生用书第51页
(2)适用于主语的各种人称(have to和be able to例外)。
(3)后接动词原形。
二、情态动词的基本用法
1.表示能力(can/could/be able to)
(1)can表示一般的能力,could泛指过去的能力。
Mary can speak three languages.
玛丽能说3门语言。
(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Additionally,it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital,restaurant or school.
此外,它还可以为医院、餐厅或学校等更大的受众提供服务。
(2)can在时态上只有现在时和过去时两种,而be able to则有更多的时态;be able to强调“通过努力有能力做到”,如果表示“已经成功做成”应用was/were able to,而不用could。
The fire spread through the building very quickly but everyone was able to get out.
尽管这场大火很快蔓延到整个大楼,但是每个人都逃出去了。
2.表示请求、允许、允诺(can/could/may/might/shall/will/would)
(1)表示请求、允许时,在一般疑问句中could可以代替can,但could表示的语气更委婉,答语要用can。
—Can/Could I have a look at your new pen?
——我可以看一下你的新钢笔吗?
—Yes,you can.
——可以。
(2)may表示请求、允许,意为“可以”。might表示的语气更委婉。might可以指过去的时间,也可指现在的时间。其疑问句的否定回答为I'm afraid not或mustn't。
May/Might I ask for a photo of your baby?
我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗?
(3)shall 用于第一、三人称的疑问句,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。
Shall I/he go to see you?
我/他去看你,好吗?
(4)shall用于第二、三人称的陈述句,表示说话者的意志,用来表示说话者给对方的命令、指示、允诺。此种用法还可以用来宣布法律、规定。
You shall get a new bike if you pass the coming examination.
如果你通过了即将举行的考试,你会得到一辆新自行车。(允诺)
Each student shall wear the school uniform.
每个学生都要穿校服。(宣布规定)
(5)will表示请求、建议,用于疑问句,常与第二人称连用。
Will you close the window?It's a bit cold.
请把窗户关上好吗?有点冷。
(6)would用于第二人称,表示委婉地提出请求、建议或看法,比will更为客气。
Would you mind cleaning the window?
请把窗户擦一下好吗?
3.表示必要性(must/need/should/ought to)
(1)must表示必要、命令或强制,意为“必须,应该”(指说话人的主观意志)。在回答must引导的疑问句时,如果是否定的回答,通常不用mustn't,而要用needn't或don't have to。
(2025·浙江1月卷)While I appreciate the enthusiasm for sharing creative content,we must also consider the potential drawbacks.
虽然我欣赏大家分享创意内容的热情,但我们也必须考虑到其中可能存在的弊端。
—Must I give up smoking?我必须戒烟吗?
—Yes,you must. 是的,你必须戒。
—No,you needn't/don't have to. 不,你不必戒。
(2)need用作情态动词时,没有词形的变化,后面跟不带to的动词不定式(即跟动词原形),通常用于否定句和疑问句中。
学生用书第52页
He that serves well need not be afraid to ask his wages.
只要工作好,报酬少不了。
(3)should表示义务、责任或劝告、建议、命令等,意为“应该”,用于各种人称。
You should be polite to your teachers.
你对老师应该有礼貌。
(4)ought to表示义务,意为“应该”,表达的语气比should更重。
You are his father. You ought to take care of him.
你是他的父亲。你应当照顾他。
4.表示意愿或勇气(will/would/dare)
(1)will表示主观意志、意愿,用于各种人称的陈述句。
He will/would take you home. 他愿意送你回家。
(2)would作为will的过去式,用于过去时中,表示主观愿望或意志。
I said I would do my best to help you.
我说过我愿意尽我最大努力来帮你。
(3)dare作情态动词时主要用于否定句、疑问句以及条件句中,没有人称和数的变化,但有过去式dared,另外,它还可作实义动词。
She dare not go out alone at night.
她晚上不敢一个人出去。
5.表示推测(can/could/may/might/must/should/would/ought to)
(1)can/could表示可能性,主要用于否定句和疑问句中。
He can't have enough money for a new car.
他不可能有足够的钱买一辆新车。
(2)may/might表示推测时主要用于肯定句或否定句中,might的可能性比may更小。
There may be another problem that we don't know about.
可能有我们不知道的另一个问题。
Life is unpredictable;even the poorest may/might become the richest.
人生难以预料,即便是最穷的人也有可能成为最富有的人。
(3)must表示有把握的推测,意为“想必、准是、一定”等,只用于肯定句中。对目前情况的推测用must do;对正在发生的事情的推测用must be doing;对过去情况的推测用must have done。
You must be hungry after a long walk.
走了那么长的路你一定饿了。
Someone must have used my umbrella yesterday. I found it wet.
昨天一定有人用了我的伞,我发现它湿了。
(4)should表示有一定根据的推测、推论或可能性,意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等(肯定的语气没有must表推测时强)。
—I'll come for the books he sent me tomorrow morning. OK?
——我明天上午来取他寄给我的书。好吗?
—OK. They should be here by that time.
——好的。到那时它们按道理应该到了。
(5)would表示预料或猜想,意为“也许,大概”。
It would be ten when he left home.
他离开家时大概是十点钟。
(6)ought to表示推测,暗含很大的可能,语气较强。
If he started out at nine,he ought to be here by now.
他如果九点出发,现在应该到这里了。
[巧学活用1]——用适当的情态动词填空
①Jim says we can stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy.
②In today's information age,the loss of data can cause serious problems for a company.
③It's especially important that every piece of equipment should be checked before the experiment.
学生用书第53页
④I'm sorry,but you must go wrong. There's no such man here.
⑤Students shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected according to the regulation.
三、情态动词的特殊用法
1.can的特殊用法
(1)表示可能性(理论上或是逻辑判断上)。
On such a rainy day,accidents can happen.
在这样的雨天,有时会发生事故。
(2)cannot...too/enough表示“无论……也不过分”;“越……越好”。
You can't be too careful while driving.
开车时越小心越好。
2.may的特殊用法
(1)may well+动词原形,意为“很可能,完全能”。
Her appearance has changed so much that you might well not recognize her.
她的模样变化如此之大,你很有可能认不出她了。
(2)may as well+动词原形,意为“最好,蛮可以,不妨,干脆”。
We may as well stay where we are.
我们待在现在的地方倒也不错。
3.must的特殊用法
must表示“偏要,硬要”做某事,指令人不快的事情。
The car must break down just when we were about to start off.
我们正要出发的时候偏偏车坏了。
4.should的特殊用法
should多用于疑问句中,表示惊讶、难以相信或不应该的事,常与why或how连用,意为“竟会”。
I find it astonishing that John should be so rude to me.
约翰竟然这样粗鲁地对待我,我感到很震惊。
5.will/would的特殊用法
will/would表示某种倾向或习惯性动作,意为“经常,惯于,总是”。will用来叙述目前的习惯;would表示过去的习惯。
Rose will always be late for school.
罗斯上学总是迟到。
He would get up early when he lived in the country.
他住在乡下时总是早起。
[巧学活用2]——用适当的情态动词填空
①You can't imagine that a well-behaved gentleman should be so rude to a lady.
②The team may well win the championship this year,considering their excellent performance.
③I still remember my happy childhood when my mother would take me to Disneyland at weekends.
④He must argue about everything,even when he's wrong.
四、“情态动词+have done”的用法
1.must have done 表示对过去已经发生的行为进行推测,意为“想必/准是/一定做了某事”,常用于肯定句。
Jack described his father,who must have been a brave boy many years ago,as a strong-willed man. 杰克把他的父亲描述成一个意志坚强的人,他认为多年前他的父亲一定是个勇敢的男孩。
2.can/could have done表示本来能够做某事而实际上没有做;can't/couldn't have done表示对过去情况的否定推测。
You could have done better,but you were too careless.
你本来能做得更好,但你当时太粗心了。
I saw Mr Wang just now. He couldn't have gone to Beijing.
我刚才看见王先生了。他不可能去北京了。
学生用书第54页
3.may/might have done表示对过去已经发生的行为的推测,常用于肯定句和否定句中,意为“想必;也许;可能已经;本可以做(实际却没做)”,其否定形式含有“可能不会”之意。
I'm not sure. He might have said so at the conference.
我不确定。或许在会上他说过这样的话。
4.should/ought to have done表示过去本应该做某事而实际上没有做;其否定形式表示过去本不应该做某事而实际上却做了。
You should have handed in your homework last week.
你本该上周交作业的。
You shouldn't have told him the bad news.
你本不该告诉他那个坏消息的。
5.needn't have done表示过去本不必做某事而实际上已经做了。
We needn't have waited for him.
我们本不必等他。
[巧学活用3]——完成句子
①工人们组织得不够好,否则他们本能够在一半的时间内完成任务。
The workers were not better organized;otherwise they could have accomplished the task in half the time.
②保罗在演讲比赛中表现不错。他上周一定练习了很多次。
Paul did a great job in the speech contest. He must have practised many times last week.
③他现在不可能写完卷子。我十分钟之前留下他时,他还没有写一个字。
He can't have finished writing the paper now. He hadn't written a single word when I left him ten minutes ago.
④她本不必这么早打扫房子的,我们直到晚上才会回来。
She needn't have cleaned the house so early. We won't come back until evening.
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