Challenge Yourself B-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇变形及词缀精讲必修第一册（重庆大学版）

高中英语重庆大学版 【必修第一册】 Challenge Yourself B 词汇精讲 【Challenge Yourself B】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 athlete/'eoli:t/n.运动员；体育好的衣物 养n.火车；列车 家 face /feis/v.面对：面向n.脸；relay/'rile/n.接力赛；中继： boxing/'boks/n.拳击（运动）面孔 接力rle/v.转发：传达；中继 deadly /'dedli/adj.致命的：极remove /rI'mu:v/v.移开；挪走；track/raek/n.跑道；轨道；踪 度的adv.非常：极其 去除：开除 迹v.跟踪；追踪 useless/'ju:sls/adj.无用的；无runner/'rn)/n.跑步者；赛struggle/'stag/v.m.奋斗：努 效的 跑运动员：奔跑的人（或动物）力：挣扎：斗争 useful/ju:sf/adj.有用的；有益quit/kwmt/.离开；退出：停止； 的 放弃 ironing/'aIan/n.熨烫；熨烫train/trem/v.训练；培训；培 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.useful/'ju:sf/adj.有用的：有益的 词汇变形 动词形式：use(使用) 副词形式：usefully 反义词：useless(无用的；无效的) 构词解析 后缀fl:加在动词后，构成形容词，表”充满…的：具有…性质的”；-lss表”无…的”（反 义后缀)。 同类词：helpful(有帮助的)、careless(粗心的) 例句：This dictionary is very useful for learning English. 真题链接（重庆大学版高中必修第一册同步练习）：It's__(use)to learn a foreign language well in modern society.(答案：useful) 2.useless/'ju:les/adj.无用的：无效的 词汇变形 动词形式：use（使用) 副词形式：uselessly 1 高中英语重庆大学版 【必修第一册】 Challenge Yourself B 反义词：useful(有用的：有益的) 构词解析 后缀lss:加在动词后，构成形容词，表”无…的：不…的”（反义后缀)。 同类词：homeless(无家可归的)、harmless(无害的) 例句：This broken pen is useless and we should throw it away. 真题链接（重庆大学版高中必修第一册同步练习)：Don't spend too much time on(use)things. Focus on your study.(答案：useless) 3.athlete/'e0lit/n.运动员；体育家 词汇变形 形容词形式：athletic(运动的：健壮的) 名词形式（运动）：athletics（田径运动) 构词解析 后缀ic:加在名词后，构成形容词，表”与…有关的：具有…性质的”。 同类词：music-→nusical（音乐的)、history-→historical(历史的) 例句：He dreams of becoming a famous athlete like Liu Xiang. 真题链接（重庆大学版高中必修第一册教材例句）：The young(athlete)won three gold medals in the competition.(答案：athlete) 4.runner/rnar)/n.跑步者：赛跑运动员；奔跑的人（或动物） 词汇变形 动词形式：un(跑：奔跑) 名词形式（动作）：unning(跑步) 构词解析 后缀-：加在动词后，构成名词，表”做…的人或物”。 同类词：teach-→teacher(教师)、work-worker(工人) 例句：The runner finished the marathon in two hours. 真题链接（重庆大学版高中必修第一册同步练习)：He is a good (run)and often takes part in unning races.(答案：runner) 5.struggle/'strAgl/v.h.奋斗；努力：挣扎：斗争 词汇变形 名词形式（奋斗者）：struggler 形容词形式：struggling（奋斗的：挣扎的) 构词解析 后缀-ig:加在动词后，构成形容词，表”正在…的：处于…状态的”。 例句：We should struggle for our dreams until the end. 真题链接（重庆大学版高中必修第一册教材例句)：They have been(struggle)against poverty for many years.(答案：struggling) 6.train /tremn/v.训练；培训；培养n.火车；列车 词汇变形 高中英语重庆大学版 【必修第一册】 Challenge Yourself B 名词形式（训练）：training 名词形式（受训者）：trainee 名词形式（教练）：trainer 构词解析 后缀-ing:加在动词后，构成名词，表”动作或过程”；-ee表”受动者”，-er表”施动者”。 同类词：employ-→employee(雇员)、employer(雇主) 例句：The coach is training the team for the coming match, 真题链接（重庆大学版高中必修第一册同步练习)：She spends two hours on_(rain)every day to keep fit..(答案：training) 7.relay/'i:le/n.接力赛；中继：接力rrle/v.转发；传达；中继 词汇变形 名词形式（继电器）：relay(同形) 动词形式（过去式/过去分词）：relayed 构词解析 前缀re-:表”再；又；重复”（此处”relay原义为”再次传递）。 同类词：repeat(重复)、return(返回) 例句：Our class won the first prize in the4xl00-meter relay. 真题链接(（重庆大学版高中必修第一册教材例句)：Please__(relay)the message to all the students in your class.(答案：relay) 8.track /traek/n.跑道；轨道；踪迹v.跟踪；追踪 词汇变形 名词形式（跟踪者）：tracker 动词形式（过去式/过去分词）：tracked 形容词形式：trackless(无路的：无迹的) 构词解析 后缀-er:加在动词后，构成名词，表”做…的人或物”；-less表”无…的”。 例句：The police tracked the thief to a small village. 真题链接（重庆大学版高中必修第一册同步练习)：The dog lost the(rack)of the rabbit in the forest.(答案：track) 9.face/feIs/v.面对：面向n.脸；面孔 词汇变形 形容词形式：facial(面部的) 动词形式（过去式/过去分词）：faced 名词形式（表面)：surface(表面；表层，由”sr-(上)+face”构成) 构词解析 前缀sr:表”上：超”；后缀ial:加在名词后，构成形容词，表”与…有关的”。 例句：We must face difficulties bravely instead of running away. 真题链接（重庆大学版高中必修第一册教材例句)：She has a(face)expression when hearing the bad news.(答案：facial) 3 高中英语重庆大学版 【必修第一册】 Challenge Yourself B l0.remove/rr'mu:v/v.移开；挪走；去除：开除 词汇变形 名词形式：removal(移动：去除) 形容词形式：removable(可移动的：可去除的) 构词解析 前缀re:表”回：再；去除”；后缀-l:加在动词后，构成名词，表”动作或过程”：-able:表”可 …的”。 同类词：move→removal(移动)、agree-→agreement(同意) 例句：Please remove the books from the desk. 真题链接（重庆大学版高中必修第一册同步练习)：The (remove)of the old building will start next week.(答案：removal) 11.quit /kwrt/v.离开：退出；停止；放弃 词汇变形 过去式/过去分词：quit/quitted 现在分词：quitting 名词形式：quit（口语中表”辞职”，正式用resignation) 构词解析 动词不规则变化：quit的过去式和过去分词可双写t加-ed或保持原形。 例句：He decided to quit smoking for his health 真题链接（重庆大学版高中必修第一册同步练习)：She_(quit)her job last month and plans to travel around the world.（答案：quit/quitted) l2.deadly/'dedli/ad.致命的：极度的adv.非常：极其 词汇变形 名词形式：death(死亡) 形容词形式（死的）：dead 动词形式：die(死亡) 构词解析 后缀-ly:加在形容词后，构成形容词或副词；此处”dady'为形容词，表”致命的”（注意：y并 非总是副词后缀)。 同类词：lovely(可爱的)、friendly(友好的) 例句：This kind of snake is deadly and we should stay away from it. 真题链接（重庆大学版高中必修第一册同步练习）：The_(die)disease spread quickly in the small towm.(答案：deadly) 综合训练 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 4 高中英语重庆大学版 【必修第一册】 Challenge Yourself B 1.It's (有用的)to learn basic first-aid skills in daily life.. 2.The (运动员)broke the world record in the 100-neter race. 3.We should have the courage to (challenges in life. 4.After the accident,the police began to the suspect. 5.The (接力赛)will be held on the school sports field tomorrow. 6.His (of the old wallpaper made the room look brighter. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.This broken machine is (use)and we need to buy a new one. 2.She is a good(run)and often wins medals in competitions. 3.The coach spent three hours(train)the team yesterday. 4.They have been(struggle)for their dreams since they were young. 5.The (athletic)meeting will be held next month in our school. 6.Please (relay)this message to your parents as soon as possible 7.He decided (quit)his job because he wanted to travel around the world. 8.The (deadly)disease has spread to several cities in the country. 三、完成句子（每空一词) 1.这本字典对学习英语非常有用。 This dictionary is very learning English. 2.他梦想成为一名像刘翔一样的著名运动员。 He dreams of becoming a famous Liu Xiang. 3.他们已经和贫穷斗争了很多年。 They poverty for many years 4.她每天花两个小时训练以保持健康。 She spends two hours every day to keep fit. 四、语篇填空 J 高中英语重庆大学版 【必修第一册】 Challenge Yourself B 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Tom is a young (athletic).He dreams of winning a gold medal in the Olympic Games.Every day,he gets up early and goes to the(track)to practice running.His coach is very strict and spends a lot of time(train)him.Sometimes,Tom feels very tired and wants to (quit), but he knows he must keep (struggle). Last week,Tom took part in a 4x100-meter (relay).He ran the last leg and tried his best to catch up with the other (run).Finally,his team won the first prize.His parents were very proud of him.They said his (train)was not in vain. 参考答案 I.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.useful 2.athlete 3.face 4.track 5.relay 6.removal Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.useless 2.runner 3.training 4.struggling 5.athletics 6.relay 7.to quit 8. deadly L.完成句子 1.useful for 2.athlete like 3.have been struggling against 4.on training V.语篇填空 1.athlete 2.track 3.training 4.quit 5.struggling 6.relay 7.runners 8.training 6