1.12 第八章 构词法-【教与学·广东中考夺冠】2026年中考英语课件PPT（人教版）

该初中英语中考复习课件系统覆盖构词法四大核心考点，包括合成法、派生法、转化法及缩写简写，严格对接中考说明要求，分析各考点在词汇题、语法选择、短文填空中的考查权重，并归纳单项填空、选词填空、词形转换等常考题型，体现中考备考的针对性和实用性。 课件亮点在于“考点精讲+真题精练+语篇应用”模式，如结合2025四川达州真题“discuss→discussion”“polite→politely”，示范派生法后缀规律，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。通过“合成形容词构成表”“前缀后缀速记表”等工具，帮助学生掌握词形转换技巧，教师可依此设计分层训练，助力学生中考冲刺，提升复习效率。

英 语 返回目录 返回目录 第一部分 基于语篇的语法应用篇 第八章 构 词 法 返回目录 返回目录 目 录 CONTENTS 01 考点导图 02 考点精讲精练 03 语篇考点专练 返回目录 返回目录 考点导图 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 返回目录 考点精讲精练 【概念】合成法是指将两个或两个以上的词合成为一个新词的构词方法，用连字符“-”连接或直接连写在一起。 合成法 1 返回目录 返回目录 1． 合成名词、合成动词与合成形容词 类 别 构 成 举 例 合成名词 名词+名词 housewife 家庭主妇，headache 头痛 名词+动名词 handwriting笔迹，sightseeing观光 形容词+名词 highway公路，mainland大陆 形容词 / 副词+动词 ill-treat虐待，overcome克服 名词+动词 sidetrack阻止，babysit照料(小孩) 合成 形容词 名词+形容词 duty-free免税的，worldwide遍布全世界的 形容词+名词 high-level高级的，full-time专职的 形容词+名词+-ed white-haired 白发的,warm-hearted 热心的 返回目录 返回目录 类 别 构 成 举 例 合成 形容词 名词 / 形容词+现在分词 peace-loving爱好和平的,good-looking好看的 名词+过去分词 heartbroken心碎的,man-made 人造的 形容词+过去分词 new-born新生的,ready-made 现成的 副词+过去分词 well-known 著名的,widespread分布广的 数词+名词 first-class一流的,second-hand二手的 数词+名词+形容词 two-year-old两岁的,two-meter-long两米长的 返回目录 返回目录 2．其他合成词 (1)合成副词。例 everywhere 到处， forever 永远，hotfoot 匆忙地 (2)合成代词。例 himself 他自己， anything 任何事 (3)合成介词。例 outside 外面，without 没有，upon 在……上面 返回目录 返回目录 ■(基础过关)单项填空 ( )1． National Day is coming． Everyone is looking forward to the ________ holiday． A．seven-days B．seven-day C．seven days ( )2． Mrs．Brown is such a ________ woman． She always appears when we need help． A．good-looking B．ready-made C．peace-loving D．warm-hearted B D 返回目录 返回目录 ( )3． Helen is a very ________ ______novelist (小说家) in Australia． Her books sell well． A．well-dressed B．well-known C．well-born D．well-behaved ( )4． The notes in the article help readers ________ ______what the writer want to tell． A． overcome B． update C． understand D． babysit B C 返回目录 返回目录 ( )5． This was not an easy decision． ________ , it was his duty to make it． A． However B． Meanwhile C． Anyway D． Otherwise A 返回目录 返回目录 ■(能力过关)选词填空，有两词为多余项 worldwide headache well-known widespread good-looking housewife without 6．John drank too much alcohol (酒) last night, so he had a serious ________________ this morning． 7．It is a ______________fact that bamboo is pandas' favorite food． headache well-known 返回目录 返回目录 8．In the past, women served as ______________while men usually made money． 9．The boy left the house silently ______________telling anyone． 10．We have companies in over 30 countries ______________． housewives worldwide headache well-known widespread good-looking housewife without without worldwide 返回目录 返回目录 派生法 2 【概念】派生法是指在词根上加词缀而构成新词的方法，有前缀法和后缀法。 1．前缀法：前缀加在词根前，一般改变词义，不改变词性 前 缀 含 义 举 例 dis-, im-, in-, mis-, non-, un-, ir-, il- 表示“否定；相反” dislike不喜欢，impossible不可能的，inexpensive不昂贵的，misunderstand误会，nonsense胡说，unhappy不开心的，irregular不规则的，illegal不合法的 re- 表示“重复；再次” replay重播，rewrite重写 返回目录 返回目录 前 缀 含 义 举 例 micro-，mini- 表示“微型的；小的” microbiology微生物学，minibus小型公共汽车 inter- 表示“相互；在……之间” international国际的，interview面试 super- 表示“超级的” supermarket超市，superpower超级大国 【注意】个别前缀也可以引起词性的变化。 (1)“en-+形容词 / 名词”构成动词。例 enlarge扩大，encourage鼓励 (2)“a-+动词”构成形容词。例 asleep睡着，awake醒着 返回目录 返回目录 2．后缀法：后缀加在词根后，一般改变词性，不改变词义 (1)常见的名词后缀 前 缀 含 义 举 例 -or，-er， -ist，-ian 表示“从事某种职业的人” actor演员， worker工人， scientist科学家， musician 音乐家 -ing 表示“状态；行为” building建筑，shopping购物 -ment 表示“……的行为或结果” agreement同意，development发展 -ness，-th，-ty 表示“状态；性质” happiness幸福，truth真相，safety安全 -tion，-ation 表示“状态；行为；机构” competition比赛，action行为，organization组织 -ship 表示“关系” membership会员身份，friendship友谊 返回目录 返回目录 (2)常见的形容词后缀 前 缀 含 义 举 例 -able 表示“能……的” suitable适合的，believable可相信的 -al 表示“……的” traditional传统的，personal私人的 -ful 表示“有……性质的；充满……的” useful有用的，colorful鲜艳的 -less 表示“没有；无” helpless无助的，homeless无家可归的 -ive 表示“……性质的” active活跃的，expensive昂贵的 -y 表示“有……特性的；多……的” healthy健康的，sunny天气晴朗的 -ous 表示“属性” dangerous危险的，famous有名的 返回目录 返回目录 (3)常见的动词后缀 前 缀 含 义 举 例 -en 表示“使……变得” shorten缩短，darken变黑 -ify 表示“使……化” beautify美化，purify提纯 -ize 表示“使……成为；使……化” realize实现，modernize使现代化 返回目录 返回目录 (4)常见的副词后缀 前 缀 含 义 举 例 -ly 表示“方式；程度” quickly迅速地，carefully仔细地 -ward(s) 表示“方向” forward向前，upwards向上 -wise 表示“方向；方式” clockwise顺时针方向地，likewise同样地 返回目录 返回目录 ■(基础过关)单项填空 ( )1． Jenny was so ________ ______that she made many simple mistakes in the exam． A．care B．careless C．carelessly ( )2． The performance tonight was a great ________ ． The band became famous overnight． A．success B．successful C．succeed B A 返回目录 返回目录 ( )3． The student center is in front of the art ________ ______． A．building B．builder C．build ( )4． If you want to know the exact ________ of the word, you'd better look it up in a dictionary． A．mean B．meaningful C．meaning A C 返回目录 返回目录 ( )5． The clouds of the Cangshan Mountain are ________ ． They are in different shapes from time to time． A．change B．changeable C．changeless B 返回目录 返回目录 ■(能力过关)用所给单词的适当形式填空 6． After having a ______________(discuss), we are in agreement．(2025四川达州) 7． It's important to know how to ask for help ______________(polite)． (2025四川达州) 8． People surf the Internet instead of reading newspapers． Do you think the newspapers will disappear ______________(complete)?(2025黑龙江龙东地区) discussion politely completely 返回目录 返回目录 9． I love soft drinks with a lot of sugar． They taste good but ______________(health)． 10． Thanks for your ______________(invite)． But I have to take care of my younger sister． unhealthy invitation 返回目录 返回目录 转化法 3 【概念】转化法是指不改变单词拼写形式，仅通过改变词性而形成新词的构词方法。 词性转化 举 例 名词 →动词 book n.书→v.预定 water n.水→v.浇水 land n.陆地→v.着陆 sleep n.睡眠→v.睡觉 show n.表演→v.展示 hand n.手→v.传递 动词→名词 talk v.交谈→n.谈话 look v.看→n.外表 walk v.步行→n.散步 stop v.停止→n.车站 形容词→动词 dry adj.干燥的→v. (使)变干 clear adj.清澈的→v.清理 correct adj.正确的→v.纠正 open adj.开着的→v.打开 clean adj.干净的→v.打扫 形容词→名词 daily adj. 日常的→n. 日报 final adj.最终的→n.决赛 返回目录 返回目录 ■(基础过关)单项填空 ( )1． The plane will ________ in Guangzhou in 20 minutes and we can see Mom soon． A．get B．land C．fly D．hope B 返回目录 返回目录 ( )2． The story ________ ______up my dream and encourages me to fight hard． A．interests B．watches C． shows D． lights ( )3． We should be brave and ________ big． Nothing is impossible． A．dream B．fight C．see D．make D A 返回目录 返回目录 ( )4． The science museum in this city is not _______ on weekends． A．clear B．open C．slow D．clean ( )5． The man tried to ________ his car but he failed． A．help B．stop C．water D．walk B B 返回目录 返回目录 ■(能力过关)选词填空，有两词为多余项 6． Have you ______________your ticket online yet? 7． I think playing computer games is a ______________of time． 8． After the football match, Jack had a long ______________that night． 9． When Mary passed the garden, she saw her mom ______________the vegetables． 10． He'd like to have a ______________at that project． right water try book talk waste sleep booked waste sleep watering try 返回目录 返回目录 缩写和简写 4 【概念】缩写和简写(也被称为“截断法”或“缩短法”)主要采用“截头”“去尾”或者“既截头又去尾”的方法来生成新词。 返回目录 返回目录 1．月份、星期及序数词 月 份 缩 写 月 份 缩 写 星 期 缩 写 序数词 缩 写 January Jan. August Aug. Monday Mon. first 1st February Feb. September Sept. Tuesday Tues. second 2nd March Mar. October Oct. Wednesday Wed. third 3rd April Apr. November Nov. Thursday Thur. fourth 4th May May December Dec. Friday Fri. twentieth 20th June Jun. Saturday Sat. twenty-first 21st July Jul. Sunday Sun. fifty-fifth 55th 返回目录 返回目录 2．国家、国际组织类 PRC：中华人民共和国(People's Republic of China) UK：英国(United Kingdom) USA：美国(United States of America) EU：欧洲联盟 / 欧盟(European Union) UN：联合国 (United Nations) WTO：世界贸易组织 / 世贸组织(World Trade Organization) WHO：世界卫生组织(World Health Organization) FBI：美国联邦调查局(Federal Bureau of Investigation) 返回目录 返回目录 3．其他常见缩写 Ad：广告(Advertisement) DIY：自己动手 / 自助服务(Do It Yourself) Add．：地址(Address) ID：身份证明(Identification) BBQ：烧烤(Barbecue) P．E．：体育(Physical Education) IQ：智商(Intelligence Quotient) EQ：情商(Emotional Quotient) 返回目录 返回目录 No．：号码 / 编号(Number) DNA：脱氧核糖核酸(Deoxyribonucleic Acid) WC：厕所(Water Closet) UFO：不明飞行物(Unidentified Flying Object) CCTV：中国中央电视台(China Central Television) CBA：中国男子篮球职业联赛(China Basketball Association) NBA：美国篮球职业联赛(National Basketball Association) VIP：贵宾(Very Important Person) 返回目录 返回目录 语篇考点专练 一、语法选择 主题：种植诚信之树 字数：104 难度：★ 建议用时：3 mins Let me introduce the event“Plant a Tree of Honest Together” in our school． It was held on June 10th, 2025． On the event, first, we watched a video about our school model students, who always tell the ____1____and help others． ( )1．A．true B．truth C．truly B 返回目录 返回目录 Then, we listened to a speech about the ____2____of being honest． After that, we had a ____3____on how to take action in our daily life． We all promised to be ____4____in competitions and examinations． Lastly, we planted a tree of honesty in our school garden． We all think the event is ____5____and we will take good care of the tree． ( )2．A．importance B．important C．importantly ( )3．A．discuss B．discussing C．discussion ( )4．A．honest B．honesty C．honestly ( )5．A．educate B．education C．educational A C A C 返回目录 返回目录 二、短文填空 主题：艾玛学钢琴经历 字数：96 难度：★★ 建议用时：4 mins 请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余选项。 well-known strong become talent perform compete happy 返回目录 返回目录 Emma was interested in piano． She was 1____________ and practiced it every day． She dreamed of performing on big stages and becoming 2_________________one day． When there was a music 3____________________in her town, she decided to take part in it． Nervous but determined (坚定的), she played beautifully and won first place． well-known strong become talent perform compete happy talented well-known competition 返回目录 返回目录 The judges praised her, and she felt a great sense of achievement． Her 4_________________proved that hard work leads to success． “Playing the piano brings me 5__________________． I am looking forward to the next show,”she told the reporter． well-known strong become talent perform compete happy performance happiness 返回目录 返回目录 1. ___________________ 2. ___________________ 3. ___________________ 4. ___________________ 5. ___________________ talented well-known competition performance happiness 返回目录 返回目录 三、语法选择 主题：提高英语口语的建议 字数：230 难度：★★★ 建议用时：8 mins Spoken English is an important part of English learning． If you are weak in it, the ____1____advice may help you． ( )1．A．follow B．follower C．following C 返回目录 返回目录 First of all, read widely． Lots of reading improves your vocabulary ____2____helps you keep in touch with English． Consider reading aloud ____3____your pronunciation of words． If you come across new words, make sure you search for their ____4____． Try to remember these words and use them in your speech． ( )2．A．and B．but C．or ( )3．A．improve B．improving C．to improve ( )4．A．mean B．meaningful C．meanings A C C 返回目录 返回目录 Second, listen more． Consider listening to English songs and try following them． You can also write down the words of the songs and say ____5____just as you hear them． Or you can turn to ____6____online voice and accent software (语音软件) for help． Listening to English news on the radio is also ____7____． ( )5．A．they B．them C．their ( )6．A．a B．an C．the ( )7．A．helpful B．help C．helpless B B A 返回目录 返回目录 Third, just speak． Find a native (本土的) speaker and communicate ____8____the person without worrying about making mistakes． A native speaker will help point out your mistakes and correct you． Making use of every chance to speak English will help improve your pronunciation． ( )8．A．for B．with C．from B 返回目录 返回目录 Finally, be active． ____9____you need more practice, be active in your English class． Through the interaction (互动) with your teacher and classmates, you will communicate ____10____． As long as you follow these suggestions, you will be sure to improve your spoken English． (2024宁夏改编) ( )9．A．If B．Until C．Unless ( )10．A．nature B．natural C．naturally A C 返回目录 返回目录 四、短文填空 主题：为何年轻人偏爱“丑”鞋 字数：257 难度：★★★★ 建议用时：10 mins 请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余选项。 comfort tradition another usual and by beautiful think a break easy but 返回目录 返回目录 Fashion used to be all about beautiful shoes． Young people often wore beautiful high heels and cool sports shoes． 1_____________in recent years, shoes people once called “ugly” have become popular for daily wear． Even famous people also wear these kinds of shoes． comfort tradition another usual and by beautiful think a break easy but But 返回目录 返回目录 So, why do people love these “ugly” shoes? One reason is that they are 2_____________． Some of these shoes are special because their insoles (鞋垫) slowly change to fit people's feet, making them perfect for everyone．3___________reason is self-expression． People decorate their shoes to show what they like and who they are． Wearing “ugly” shoes also gives people a 4________in today's busy world． comfort tradition another usual and by beautiful think a break easy but comfortable Another break 返回目录 返回目录 Carolyn Mair, 5_____________professor of psychology (心理学) of fashion, told a famous fashion magazine that people's interest in ugly shoes also comes from how their brain works． “Our brains often like 6_____________things instead of simplistic (过于简单的) things,” Mair explained． That's because brains 7_____________that what's “normal” or usual means no danger． That's why people are 8______________attracted to something new． In fashion, this way of dressing is called “peacocking (炫耀)”． comfort tradition another usual and by beautiful think a break easy but a unusual think easily 返回目录 返回目录 Young people's love for “ugly” shoes is not about saying no to 9_____________． On the contrary, it's about going against old fashion rules． 10_____________mixing comfort, creativity and even some humor, they are redefining (重新定义) what's cool． Do you like these ugly shoes? comfort tradition another usual and by beautiful think a break easy but beauty By 返回目录 返回目录 1. _______________ 2. _______________ 3. _______________ 4. _______________ 5. _______________ 6. _______________ 7._______________ 8. _______________ 9. _______________ 10. _______________ But comfortable Another break a unusual think easily beauty By 返回目录 返回目录 THANKS! 返回目录 返回目录 $