Unit 5 Revealing nature 一-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇变形及词缀精讲选择性必修第一册（外研版）

高中选择性必修第一册外研版 【寒假专版】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 寒假专版 【Unit5】Revealing nature一 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 seed/sid/n.种子，籽 finch/fntn.雀科鸣禽 characteristic/kaerakta'rIstrk/n. distant/'distant/adj.遥远的 beak /bi:k/n.鸟嘴，喙 特征，特性 answer the call响应号召 suspect/sa'spekt//v.猜疑，怀疑，decline/d'kla/v.减少 disgrace/ds'greis/n.丢脸，耻辱觉得 tortoise/'tb:tas/n.陆龟 be a disgrace是耻辱，是丢脸的ancestor/'ansesta()/n.(动物blame/blem/v.责怪，指责；把 事 的)原种，祖先 …归咎于 geologist/d3i'ol3d3Ist/n.地质学evolution/,i:va'lu:jn/n.进化goat/gat/n.山羊 家 (论) be native to源于…的，原产于 sample/'sa:mpl//n.样本 generate/'d3 enareit/v.产生，创 evolve/'volv/v.进化 造 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.disgrace/ds'greis/n.丢脸，耻辱 词汇变形 形容词形式：disgraceful(丢脸的，不光彩的) 动词形式：disgrace(使丢脸，使蒙羞) 构词解析 前缀ds-:表“否定、相反”；后缀-fl:构成形容词，表“充满…的”。 同类词：dishonest(不诚实的)、disappear(消失) 例句：It's a disgrace to cheat in the exam. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第一册同步练习）：His rude behavior in public brought (disgrace)on his family..(答案：disgrace) 2.geologist/d3i'Dld3Istn.地质学家 词汇变形 名词形式（学科）：geology(地质学) 形容词形式：geological(地质的) 构词解析 后缀-ist:加在名词后，表“从事…职业的人”；-logy表“学科”；-ical构成形容词。 高中选择性必修第一册外研版 【寒假专版】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 同类词：biologist(生物学家)←-biology(生物学)、artist（艺术家)←-art（艺术) 例句：The geologist spent years studying rocks in the mountain area. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第一册教材例句）：Geologists believe the earth is about4.6 billion years old. 3.evolve/I'volv/v.进化 词汇变形 名词形式：evolution(进化) 形容词形式：evolutionary(进化的) 构词解析 前缀e-(=ex-):表“出来、向外”；后缀-tion:构成名词；-ary构成形容词。 例句：Species evolve over time to adapt to their environment 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第一册单元检测）：Darwin's theory of(evolve)changed people's view of life on earth.（答案：evolution) 4.ancestor/'ensesta()/n.(动物的)原种，祖先 词汇变形 形容词形式：ancestral(祖先的，祖传的) 构词解析 前缀an-(=ante-):表“在前、先前”；后缀-or:表“人或物”；-al构成形容词。 同类词：ancient(古代的)、antecedent(先例) 例句：Modern humans share a common ancestor with apes.. 真题链接(（外研版高中选择性必修第一册阅读拓展)：This cultural relic has been passed down from our (ancestor).(答案：ancestors) 5.evolution/i:v3'lu:jn/n.进化（论） 词汇变形 动词形式：evolve(进化) 形容词形式：evolutionary(进化的) 构词解析 后缀-tion:由动词evolve加后缀构成名词：-ary构成形容词。 例句：The theory of evolution was put forward by Charles Darwin. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第一册同步练习）：The_(evolve)of language is a long and complex process.(答案：evolution) 6.generate/d3enareit/v.产生，创造 词汇变形 名词形式：generation(产生：一代) 形容词形式：generative(能产生的) 构词解析 前缀gener-(=bith):表“产生、生育”；后缀-ate:构成动词；-tion构成名词。 同类词：generate(产生)、general(普遍的) 2 高中选择性必修第一册外研版 【寒假专版】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 例句：Wind turbines generate electricity from wind power. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第一册单元测试）：The new policy is expected to (generate) more job opportunities.(答案：generate) 7.characteristic/kaerakta'ristik/n.特征，特性 词汇变形 形容词形式：characteristic(特有的，典型的) 名词形式（性格）：character(性格：角色) 构词解析 后缀istic:构成形容词或名词，表“具有…特征的”；-er表“人或物”。 同类词：realistic(现实的)、optimistic(乐观的) 例句：Curiosity is a characteristic of children. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第一册教材例句）：One characteristic of the species is its ability to fly. 8.decline/dr'klam/v.减少 词汇变形 名词形式：decline(减少，衰退) 构词解析 前缀de-:表“向下、减少”；后缀-ine:构成动词或名词。 同类词：decrease(减少)、descend(下降) 例句：The number of pandas in the wild has declined in recent years. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第一册同步练习）：The company'sprofits一( (decline)by 10% last year.(答案：declined) 9.blame /bleim/v.责怪，指责 词汇变形 名词形式：blame(责任，责备) 形容词形式：blameless(无过错的) 构词解析 前缀bla-(blem-):表“污点、缺陷”：后缀-less:表“无…的”（反义后缀）。 同类词：careless(粗心的)、homeless(无家可归的) 例句：Don't blame others for your own mistakes. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第一册单元检测）：It's not right to put the_ (blame)on her for the accident..(答案：blame) 10.distant/distant/adj.遥远的 词汇变形 名词形式：distance(距离) 构词解析 后缀-ant:构成形容词；-ance构成名词。 同类词：important(重要的)←-importance(重要性)、different(不同的)←difference(差异) 高中选择性必修第一册外研版 【寒假专版】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 例句：The stars are too distant for us to see with the naked eye. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第一册教材例句）：We could see the distant mountains through the window. 11.suspect/sa'spekt/v.猜疑，怀疑 词汇变形 名词形式：suspicion(怀疑，猜疑) 形容词形式：suspicious(可疑的，怀疑的) 构词解析 前缀sus(=sb-):表“在…下面”；后缀-ion:构成名词；-ious构成形容词。 同类词：sustain(维持)←-suspension(暂停)、succeed（成功)←success(成功) 例句：I suspect he is hiding something from us, 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第一册同步练习）：The police have_ (suspect)that he was involved in the crime.(答案：suspected) 12.sample/'sa:mpl/n.样本 词汇变形 动词形式：sample(抽样检查，品尝) 构词解析 后缀ple(plica):表“折叠、重复”，此处指“被重复取出的部分”。 The scientists took a sample of water from the river to test for pollution. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第一册单元阅读）：The research team collected200(sample) of soil from different areas.(答案：samples) 综合训练 一、 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.The (地质学家)are studying the rock formations in this area, 7.Her rude behavior was considered (丢脸的)by everyone present,. 8.The (of human beings is a long and complex process. 9.We should respect our_ (祖先)and their traditions. 10.The (between the two cities is about 500 kilometers. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 6.The company hopes to(generate)more profits through new technology. 7.The (characteristic)of this species include long ears and a short tail. 4 高中选择性必修第一册外研版 【寒假专版】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 8.The number of wild animals has (decline)sharply in recent decades. 9.She has a(distant)relative living in Canada 10.The police (suspect)that the fire was caused by a gas leak. 三、完成句子（每空一词） 5.作弊是一种耻辱的行为。 Cheating is an act of 6.达尔文的进化论改变了人们对生命的看法。 Darwin's theory of changed people's views on life. 7.这位地质学家花了十年时间研究地质结构。 The spent ten years studying structures. 8.他的祖先在这个村庄已经生活了数百年。 His_ have lived in this village for hundreds of years. 四、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 A group of (geologist)recently discovered ancient fossils in a mountain area.These fossils provide evidence of the(evolve)of species over millions of years.The team collected soil (sample)and analyzed them in the lab.They (suspect)that the area was once home to many (ancestor)of modern animals. However,human activities have caused a (decline)in biodiversity here.Some locals were (blame)for destroying the natural environment.The scientists warned that protecting these areas is (critical)important for studying (evolutionary)history. 参考答案 I.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.geologists 7.disgraceful 8.evolution 9.ancestors 10.distance 工.用所给单词的适当形式填空 6.generate 7.characteristics 8.declined 9.distant 10.suspected 高中选择性必修第一册外研版 【寒假专版】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 II.完成句子 5.disgrace 6.evolution 7.geologist;geological 8.ancestors V,语篇填空 1.geologists 2.evolution 3.samples 4.suspected 5.ancestors 6.decline 7.blamed 8.critically 9.evolutionary 6