Unit 4 Breaking boundaries 一-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇变形及词缀精讲选择性必修第二册（外研版）

高中外研版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第二册 词汇精讲 【Unit4】Breaking boundaries二 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 ward/w:dn.病房 inclusive/m'ku:sv/adj.包容广nount/maont/v.走上，登上 compensate/kompenseit/.V.弥阔的 civil/'svl/adj.公民的，国民的 补，补偿 culture shock文化冲击 civil war内战 collaborate/ka'laebareit/v.合作，joint/d3omt/adj.联合的，共同slave/slerv//n.奴隶 协作 的 confederate /kan'fedarat/adj. realistic/ri:lrstrk/adj.(目标、harmonious /ha:'maunias/adj.（美国内战期间)南部联邦的 希望)能够实现的 和睦的，融洽的 union/'junian/n.联邦 minority /mar'nprati/n.少数派；mutual/mju:tfual/adj.共有的，civilian /sa'vilian/adj.平民的： 少数 共同的 百姓的 cast /ka:st/V.选派（角色） rewarding /ri'w:d/adj.值得 mankind/men'kand/n.人类 做的，有意义的 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.compensate/"kpmpenseit/V.弥补，补偿 名词形式：compensation 构词解析：前缀com-:表“共同、一起”；后缀-ate:构成动词；名词形式通过添加后缀-ion构成 (compensate→compensation)。 同类词：celebrate(庆祝)→celebration(庆祝活动)、educate（教育)→education(教育) The company decided to compensate the workers for their extra hours. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习）：The government promised to provide (compensate)for the victims of the disaster.(答案：compensation) 2.collaborate /ka'laebareIt//V.合作，协作 名词形式：collaboration 形容词形式：collaborative 构词解析：前缀col-(com-的变体)：表“共同”：后缀-ate:构成动词：名词形式加后缀-ion(collaborate →collaboration):形容词形式加后缀-ive(collaboration→collaborative)。 同类词：operate(操作)→operation(操作)→operative(运转的) Scientists from different countries collaborated to find a cure for the disease. 1 高中外研版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第二册 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第二册教材例句）：They have been collaborating on a research project for two years. 3.realistic/Ii:a'listik/ad.(目标、希望)能够实现的 名词形式：reality 副词形式：realistically 构词解析：词根real（真实的)：后缀-ist:构成名词“…主义者”(realist现实主义者)：-ic:构 成形容词“…的”(realist→realistic):名词形式reality由real加后缀-ity构成：副词形式加后缀 y。 同类词：optimist(乐观主义者)→optimistic(乐观的)→optimism(乐观) 例句：It's important to set realistic goals for yourself. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习）：You need to face(real)and make a practical plan.(答案：reality) 4.inclusive/in'klu:siv/adj.包容广阔的 动词形式：include 名词形式：inclusion 反义词：exclusive(排他的) 构词解析：前缀in-:表“进入、向内”；词根clud(关闭)；后缀-e:构成动词include(包含)：形 容词形式加后缀-ive(include→inclusive);名词形式加后缀-ion(include→inclusion)。 同类词：conclude(总结)→conclusion(结论)、exclude(排除)→exclusive(排他的) 例句：The club aims to create an inclusive environment for all members. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第二册教材例句）：The policy is designed to be inclusive of people from all backgrounds. 5.mutual/'mju:tal/adj.共有的，共同的 副词形式：mutually 名词形式：mutuality 构词解析：前缀mut-:表“改变、交换”；后缀ul:构成形容词，表“具有…性质的”；副词形 式加后缀y:名词形式加后缀ity。 同类词：actual(实际的)→actually(实际上)、visual(视觉的)→visibility(可见性) Their mutual respect for each other made the partnership successful. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习）：We reached a_(mutual))agreement to end the argument..（答案：mutual) 6.civil/'sIv/adj.公民的，国民的 名词形式：citizen（公民)、civilization(文明) 派生词：civilian(平民的)、civilize(使文明) 构词解析：词根civ(公民、城市)：后缀-il:构成形容词：civilian由civil加后缀-ian(表“人”) 构成；civilize加后缀-ize构成动词；civilization由civilize加后缀-ation构成名词。 同类词：city(城市)→civic(城市的)、politics(政治)→political(政治的) 例句：Everyone has the right to enjoy civil liberties. 高中外研版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第二册 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第二册教材例句)：The civil rights movement in the US changed the country's history. 7.slave/lerv/n.奴隶 动词形式：slave(苦千) 形容词形式：slavish(奴隶般的) 构词解析：直接名词转化为动词(slave作动词时表“像奴隶一样工作”)：形容词形式加后缀ish (表“具有…特征的”)。 例句：He slaved away in the kitchen all afternoon to prepare the meal. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习）：The novel tells the story of a(slave)who fought for freedom.(答案：slave) 8.union/'ju:nian/n.联邦 动词形式：unite 形容词形式：united 构词解析：前缀uni-:表“单一、统一”；动词unite(联合)由uni-加词根ite(走)构成；名词形 式union加后缀-ion:形容词形式united由unite加后缀-ed构成。 同类词：divide(分开)→division(分开)、connect(连接)→connection(连接) 例句：The union of the two companies created a new industry leader,. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第二册教材例句）：The country formed a union with its neighboring states in 1865. 9.rewarding /ri'w:d/adj.值得做的，有意义的 动词形式：reward 名词形式：reward 构词解析：动词reward(奖励)；形容词形式rewarding由reward加后缀-ing构成（表“令人… 的”)。 同类词：interest(使感兴趣)一interesting(有趣的)、excite(使兴奋)→exciting(令人兴奋的) 例句：Teaching is a challenging but rewarding job 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习）：Helping others can be a(reward)experi-- ence.(答案：rewarding) l0.minority /mar'nprati/n.少数派：少数 反义词：majority(多数) 构词解析：前缀min-:表“小的”；后缀-or:构成名词(minor较小的)：-ity:构成名词“性质、状 态”(minor→minority)。反义词majority由major(较大的)加后缀-ity构成。 同类词：major(主要的)→majority（多数)、senior(年长的)→seniority(资历) 例句：The minority group fought for equal rights. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第二册教材例句）：Women make up a minority of the company's senior managers l1.harmonious /ha:'maunias/adj.和睦的，融洽的 高中外研版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第二册 名词形式：harmony 副词形式：harmoniously 构词解析：词根harmon(和谐)：后缀-y:构成名词harmony(和谐)：-ous:构成形容词“具有… 性质的”(harmony→harmonious):副词形式加后缀-ly。 同类词：mystery(神秘)一→mysterious(神秘的)、glory（光荣)一glorious(光荣的) 例句：The community lives in a harmonious atmosphere. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习）：We should try to live in (harmonious) with nature.(答案：harmony) l2.joint/d3ont/adj.联合的，共同的 名词形式：joint(关节：接头) 构词解析：直接作形容词和名词（多词性）：作为形容词时表“联合的”，名词形式可指“身体关节” 或“共同项目”。 例句：They launched a joint campaign to protect the environment.. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第二册教材例句）：The two companies signed a joint agreement to develop new technology. 综合训练 一、 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The government plans to provide financial (补偿)for the affected families. 2.International (is key to solving global environmental problems. 3.It's time to face (现实)and accept the challenge bravely, 4.The school aims to create an environment for students from diverse backgrounds. 5.The two countries reached a()agreement to promote cultural exchange 6.The (少数派)in the community has been fighting for equal representation. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.Scientists from different fields are (collaborate)on a project to develop new energy sources. 2.Setting (realistic)goals is essential for personal growth and success. 3.The (harmonious)between nature and human activities should be maintained. 4.Teaching children to be (inclusive)helps build a more united society. 5.The (reward)experience of volunteering inspired her to continue helping others. 高中外研版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第二册 6.The (unite)of the team members led to their victory in the competition. 7.She (slave)over the report all night to meet the deadline. 三、完成句子（每空一词） 1.公司承诺为员工的加班时间提供补偿。 The company promised to the employees their extra hours 2.两国科学家合作研发新药已有五年。 Scientists from the two countries a new drug for five years. 3.我们应该努力与自然和谐共处。 We should try to live with nature. 4.帮助他人是一种有意义且值得做的经历。 Helping others is a meaningful and 四、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 In today's world, (collaborate)between nations is becoming increasingly important.For example,when a natural disaster strikes,countries often work together to provide aid and (compensate)for those affected.This spirit of unity is also seen in scientific research,where teams from different backgrounds join forces to solve complex problems. Creating an (inclusive)environment is another key goal.Minority groups should have equal opportunities,and society should value(diverse).It's(realistic)to expect immediate change,but small steps can lead to big results. Teaching is often described as a(reward)profession.Teachers not only share knowledge but also inspire students to face (real)bravely and work towards their goals.By fostering mutual respect and (harmonious),we can build a better future for all. 参考答案 I.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.compensation 2.collaboration 3.reality 4.inclusive 5.mutual 6.minority 5 高中外研版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第二册 Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.collaborating 2.realistic 3.harmony 4.inclusive 5.rewarding 6.union 7.slaved I.完成句子 1.compensate;for 2.have collaborated on 3.in harmony 4.rewarding experience V,语篇填空 1.collaboration 2.compensation 3.inclusive 4.diversity 5.realistic 6.rewarding 7. reality 8.harmony 6