Unit 1 Science Fiction一-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇变形及词缀精讲选择性必修第四册（人教版）

高中选修4人教 【词汇精讲】 Unit 1 Science Fiction 词汇精讲 【Unit 1】Science Fiction 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 fiction/'fkn/n.小说；虚构的 尊严 ladder/'laed(r)/n.梯子；阶梯 事 salary/'selri/n.薪水；薪金 dismiss/dis'mIs/t.让（某人）离 science fiction(informal sci-f)absurd/ab's3:dadj.荒谬的；荒开；解散；解雇；消除 (abbr.SF)短语科幻小说（或影唐的 declare/dr'klea(r)/vt.表明；宣 片等) appointment/A'p3 ntmant//n.预称：公布 test out短语检验；测试 约：约会：委任 whereas/,wer'aez/conj.然而； bonus/'bns/n.意外收获：奖nail /nerl/n.指甲：趾甲：钉子但是；尽管 金：红利 t.(用钉子)钉牢；固定 rumour/'uma(/n.谣言；传 more like短语更像是；更接近saleswoman/'seilzwoman/n.女闻 ridiculous /r'dikjalas/adj.愚蠢售货员：女推销员 presume /prI'zju:m;NAmE 的：荒谬的：荒唐的 guilty/'gri/adj.内疚的；有罪'zu:m/t.&vi.假设：假定 integrity/m'tegr3tiln.诚实正的；有过失的 直；完整；完好 suspend/sa'spend/t.悬；挂；暂 dignity/dg1ati/n.庄重；庄严；停；暂缓 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.fiction/'fkn/n.小说：虚构的事 词汇变形 形容词形式：fictional(虚构的：小说的) 副词形式：fictionally（虚构地：编造地) 构词解析 后缀-l:加在名词后构成形容词，表”.的’；-y加在形容词后构成副词。 同类词：nation-→national（国家的)、tradition-一→traditional(传统的) Science fiction often explores themes of the future and technology. 真题链接（人教版高中选修4同步练习)：The story is a(fiction)account of the author's childhood.(答案：fictional) 2.ridiculous/r'drkjalas/adj.愚蠢的：荒谬的 词汇变形 高中选修4人教 【词汇精讲】 Unit 1 Science Fiction 名词形式：ridiculousness(荒谬；可笑) 构词解析 后缀-ous:加在名词后构成形容词，表”具有.性质的”；ness加在形容词后构成名词，表”性质、 状态。 同类词：danger-→dangerous（危险的)、anxiety-一→anxious(焦虑的) 例句：It's ridiculous to spend so much money on a single meal. 真题链接（人教版高中选修4单元检测）：The idea that the earth is flat seems (ridiculous)to us now.(答案：ridiculous) 3.integrity/m'tegrati/n.诚实正直；完整 词汇变形 形容词形式：integral（完整的；必不可少的)、integrated(综合的：一体化的) 构词解析 前缀im-:表”不、无”；词根tegr意为”整体”；后缀ity:构成抽象名词，表”性质、状态”。 同类词：intact(完整的)、integrate(整合；使一体化) 例句：A person with integrity always tells the truth 真题链接（人教版高中选修4阅读填空)：Maintaining the(integrate)of the ecosystem is crucial for sustainable development..(答案：integrity) 4.guilty/'glti/ad.内疚的；有罪的 词汇变形 名词形式：guilt(内疚：罪行) 构词解析 后缀-y:加在名词后构成形容词，表”充满.的：具有.性质的”。 同类词：cloud-→cloudy(多云的)、noise→noisy(吵闹的) 例句：She felt guilty about lying to her parents.. 真题链接(（人教版高中选修4语法填空)：The man was found」 (guilt)of theft and sentenced to three years in prison..(答案：guilty) 5.suspend/s3'spend/vt.悬：挂；暂停 词汇变形 名词形式：suspension(暂停：悬浮) 形容词形式：suspended(暂停的：悬浮的) 构词解析 前缀sus-(=sub-):表”在.下面：向上”；词根pend意为”悬挂”；后缀-ion:构成名词，表”动 作、状态”；-ed:构成形容词，表”被..的”。 同类词：depend-一→dependent(依赖的)、expend→expense(花费) The school decided to suspend the sports meeting due to bad weather. 真题链接（人教版高中选修4单元测试)：The_(suspend)of the project caused great losses to the company..(答案：suspension) 6.dismiss/dhs'mIs/t.解雇；解散；消除 高中选修4人教 【词汇精讲】 Unit 1 Science Fiction 词汇变形 名词形式：dismissal(解雇：驳回) 形容词形式：dismissive(轻视的：不屑一顾的) 构词解析 前缀dis-:表”否定；离开”；词根miss意为”送；放出”；后缀-al:构成名词，表”动作、过程”；-ive: 构成形容词，表”有.倾向的”。 同类词：miss→nission(使命入、admit-→admission（承认) The manager has the power to dismiss employees who violate the rules. 真题链接（人教版高中选修4同步练习)：His(dismiss))from the company came as a surprise to everyone.(答案：dismissal) 7.declare/dr'klea(r/t.表明：宣称；公布 词汇变形 名词形式：declaration(宣布；声明) 形容词形式：declarative(陈述的：说明的) 构词解析 前缀de-:表”向下；完全”；词根clar意为”清楚”；后缀-ation:构成名词，表”动作、结果；-ative: 构成形容词，表”有…性质的”。 同类词：clear→clarify(澄清)、declare-→declaration(宣言) 例句：The government declared a state of emergency after the earthquake. 真题链接（人教版高中选修4阅读理解)：The__(declare)of independence was signed in 1776. (答案：Declaration) 8.presume /pri'zju:m/t.&vi.假设：假定 词汇变形 名词形式：presumption(假定：推测) 形容词形式：presumptive(假定的：推测的) 构词解析 前缀pre-:表预先；在.之前”；词根sum意为”拿；取”：后缀-tion:构成名词，表”动作、状 态”；-ptive:构成形容词，表”有.倾向的”。 同类词：assume-→assumption(假设)、consume-→consumption(消费) 例句：We must presume innocence until proven guilty. 真题链接（人教版高中选修4语法填空)：It is a reasonable (presume)that the project will be completed by next month.(答案：presumption) 9.absurd/ab's3:d/ad.荒谬的：荒唐的 词汇变形 名词形式：absurdity(荒谬：荒唐的事) 构词解析 前缀ab-:表”离开；相反”；词根surd意为”聋的：无意义的”；后缀-ity:构成抽象名词，表”性质、 状态”。 同类词：absent(缺席的)、abnormal(反常的) 高中选修4人教 【词汇精讲】 Unit 1 Science Fiction The idea that time travel is possible seems absurd to many scientists. 真题链接（人教版高中选修4单元练习)：The play is full of(absurd)situations that make the audience laugh.(答案：absurd) l0.appointment/e'porntmant/n.预约；约会 词汇变形 动词形式：appoint(任命；安排) 构词解析 前缀a即p-(=ad-):表”向；到”；词根point意为”指向：表明”；后缀-ment:构成名词，表”动作、结 果”。 同类词：agreement(同意)、development(发展) 例句：I have an appointment with the doctor at3p.m.tomorrow. 真题链接（人教版高中选修4同步测试)：The manager (appointment)him as the head of the sales department last week.(答案：appointed) 11.salary/'saelari/n.薪水：薪金 词汇变形 动词形式：salaried(给..发薪水；领薪水的) 构词解析 后缀-y构成名词，表”性质、状态”；-d:构成形容词，表”有.的：被.的”。 同类词：discovery(发现)、recovery(恢复) 例句：Her monthly salary is enough to cover her living expenses. 真题链接（人教版高中选修4完形填空)：He works as a(salary)employee in a multinational company..(答案：salaried) 12.umour/'uma/n.谣言；传闻 词汇变形 动词形式：umour(谣传；传说，英式)/umor(美式) 形容词形式：rumored/umoured（传闻的：传说的) 构词解析 后缀-or:构成名词，表”人：物：动作；-ed:构成形容词，表”被.的”。 同类词：actor(演员)、visitor(游客) 例句：The rumour that the company is closing down has spread quickly 真题链接（人教版高中选修4阅读七选五)：It is not wise to believe everything you hear,many stories are just」 (umour).（答案：umours) 综合训练 一、 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.The novel is a work of (虚构)but reflects real social issues.. 高中选修4人教 【词汇精讲】 Unit 1 Science Fiction 7.She has a strong sense of (正直)and never tells lies. 8.The sudden (of the game due to rain disappointed the audience. 9.His that he would quit his job surprised everyone. 10.The (of the situation made her burst into laughter. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 6.The story is based on(fiction)characters,not real people. 7.Itis (ridiculous)to expect a child to solve such a difficult problem. 8.Maintaining the (integral)of the team is essential for project success. 9.The teacher found her (guilt)of cheating in the exam. 10.The company announced the (dismiss)of three senior managers yesterday. 三、完成句子（每空一词） 1.她因未能参加会议而感到内疚。 She felt not attending the meeting. 2.我们不能假定他会同意我们的计划。 We cannot that he will agree to our plan. 3.这个想法听起来很荒谬，但也许可行。 The idea sounds but it might work 4.他下周和牙医有个预约。 He has an the dentist next week. 四、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Science (fiction)often explores futuristic themes.In one story,a (declare)was made that time travel was possible,but many scientists thought it was (absurd).A character with great (integrity)tried to prove it,but his efforts led to his (dismiss)from the research team.He felt (guilt)for letting his colleagues down,but he didn't abandon his dream.Even- tually,his (presume)about time loops was proven correct,and his (suspend)was lifted. 5 高中选修4人教 【词汇精讲】 Unit 1 Science Fiction 参考答案 I根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.fiction 7.integrity 8.suspension 9.declaration 10.absurdity Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空 6.fictional 7.ridiculous 8.integrity 9.guilty 10.dismissal I.完成句子 1.guilty about 2.presume 3.absurd 4.appointment with V.语篇填空 1.fiction 2.declaration 3.absurd 4.integrity 5.dismissal 6.guilty 7.presumption 8.suspension 6