Unit 4 Space Exploration二-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇变形及词缀精讲必修第三册（人教版）

高中必修三人教 【寒假专版】 ，E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 寒假专版 【Unit4】Space Exploration二 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 atmosphere/'etmasfi(r)/n.大…的风险 障：关卡 气层：大气：气氛 take risks(a risk)冒险 breakthrough /'breikeru:/n. atmospheric/,etmas'ferik/adj.survive/sa'vaIv/vi.&t.幸存：破；重大进展 大气的：大气层的：有氛围的存活：继续存在：比…活得长achieve /'tfi:v/vt.实现：达到： oxygen/Dksd3n/n.氧气；氧survival/sa'vawn.生存：存完成 oxygen tank氧气罐 活：幸存事物 achievement /a'tfi:vmant/n. vacuum/'vakjuam/n.真空；真survivor /sa'varva()/n.幸存者：就；成绩：达到 空状态：adj.真空的：利用真空生还者：残存物 accomplish /a'kAmplif/vt.完成； 的 challenge/'tfaelind3/n.挑战；艰实现；达到 radiation/,reidi'en/n.辐射：放巨任务；t.怀疑；向…挑战goal/g3w/n.目标：球门：射门 射物；辐射能 challenging/tfaelmd3四/adj.具aim/em/n.目标：目的；瞄准： radioactive/,reidiau'aektrv/adj.有挑战性的；困难的 vi.&t.瞄准：旨在：致力于 放射性的：有辐射的 overcome/,Uva'km/t.(over-aim at瞄准；旨在；致力于 hazard/haezad/n.危险：危害；came,overcome)克服；战胜：解attempt /a'tempt/vt.企图：试 t.冒…的危险 决 图：尝试：n.尝试；努力 dangerous/demd3ars/adj.危obstacle/'pbstak/n.障碍：阻make an attempt to do sth.试图 险的：不安全的 碍：障碍物 做某事 risk /risk/n.风险：危险：t.冒barrier/baeria(r)/n.障碍：屏 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.atmosphere/'aetmasfi(r)/n.大气层：大气：气氛 词汇变形 形容词形式：atmospheric（大气的：有氛围的) 构词解析 后缀c:加在名词后构成形容词，表“与…有关的：具有…性质的”。 同类词：historic(历史的)、economic(经济的) 例句 The atmospheric conditions in the mountains are quite different from those in the city. 1 高中必修三人教 【寒假专版】 ,E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 真题链接（人教版高中必修三同步练习) The_(atmosphere)pressure decreases as altitude increases.(atmospheric) 2.0 xygen/'DksId3I/n.氧气：氧 词汇变形 复合词：oxygen tank(氧气罐) 构词解析 词根oxy-(氧)+-gn(产生)，字面义“产生酸的物质”（时认为氧是酸的必要成分）。 例句 Astronauts need oxygen tanks to survive in space 真题链接（人教版高中必修三教材例句) Without oxygen,most living things cannot survive 3.radiation/rerdi'eIn/n.辐射：放射物；辐射能 词汇变形 形容词形式：radioactive(放射性的；有辐射的) 构词解析 前缀radio-(放射)+词根-act.(活动)+后缀-ive(形容词后缀，表“具有…性质的”)。 例句 Radioactive materials can cause serious health problems. 真题链接（人教版高中必修三同步练习) The _(radiation)from the nuclear plant must be strictly controlled.(radiation) 4.hazard/haezad/n.危险：危害；t.冒…的危险 词汇变形 形容词形式：hazardous(危险的：有害的) 构词解析 后缀-oS:加在名词后构成形容词，表“具有…性质的”。 同类词：dangerous(危险的)、poisonous(有毒的) 例句 Working in a mine can be hazardous to your health 真题链接（人教版高中必修三同步练习) It's_(hazard)to drive fast in heavy rain.(答案：hazardous) 5.survive/sa'varv/vi.&t.幸存；存活：比…活得长 词汇变形 名词形式：survival(生存：存活)、survivor(幸存者：生还者) 构词解析 前缀sur(超过：在…之上)+词根-viv.(生命)，字面义“比…活得更长”。 例句 Only a few people survived the plane crash,and the survivors were sent to the hospital immediately. 真题链接（人教版高中必修三教材例句) 2 高中必修三人教 【寒假专版】 E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 The ability to adapt is crucial for survival in the wild 6.challenge/'tfaelind3/n.挑战：艰巨任务：t.怀疑：向…挑战 词汇变形 形容词形式：challenging（具有挑战性的；困难的) 构词解析 后缀-ig:加在动词后构成形容词，表“令人…的”。 同类词：interesting(有趣的)、exciting(令人兴奋的) 例句 Climbing Mount Everest is a challenging task even for experienced climbers. 真题链接（人教版高中必修三同步练习) She finds it_(challenge)to learn a new language in three months.(challenging) 7.achieve/'ti:v/t.实现；达到；完成 词汇变形 名词形式：achievement(成就：成绩) 构词解析 前缀a-(加强语气)+词根-chiev.-(完成)+后缀-e(动词后缀)：-ment为名词后缀，表“动作的 结果”。 例句 Her greatest achievement is winning the national science competition. 真题链接（人教版高中必修三教材例句) Hard work and perseverance are needed to achieve your goals. 8.accomplish /a'kmpl/t.完成：实现；达到 词汇变形 名词形式：accomplishment(成就：完成) 构词解析 前缀ac-（加强语气)+词根-compl.(完成)+后缀-ish(动词后缀，表“使…"”)。 例句 It took her three years to accomplish the research project. 真题链接（人教版高中必修三同步练习） We should set clear goals and work hard to _(accomplishment)them.(accomplish) 9.aim/emn.目标；目的；瞄准：vi.&t.瞄准；旨在：致力于 词汇变形 固定搭配：aim at(瞄准：旨在：致力于) 构词解析 词根aim（目标)，可作名词或动词：aim at为动词短语，表“以…为目标”。 例句 The government aims at reducing air pollution by 30%next year. 真题链接（人教版高中必修三同步练习) 3 高中必修三人教 【寒假专版】 ,E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 This program(aim)at helping students develop practical skills.(aims) l0.attempt/a'tempt/vt.企图；试图；尝试：n.尝试：努力 词汇变形 固定搭配：make an attempt to do sth.(试图做某事) 构词解析 前缀at-(加强语气)+词根-tempt-（尝试)，可作动词或名词。 例句 He made an attempt to climb the mountain alone,but failed due to bad weather. 真题链接（人教版高中必修三教材例句) Scientists have attempted to find a cure for the disease for many years. 11.obstacle/'pbstakl/n.障碍：阻碍：障碍物 词汇变形 近义词：barrier(障碍：屏障) 构词解析 前缀ob-(对面；反对)+词根-st.(站立)+后缀-acle(名词后缀，表“物”)，字面义“站在对面 的东西”。 例句 Lack of funding is the main obstacle to the project's progress. 真题链接（人教版高中必修三同步练习) We must overcome all _(obstacle)to achieve our dreams.(obstacles) 12.breakthrough/breikeru:/n.突破；重大进展 词汇变形 构词解析 break(打破)+through(穿过)，合成词，字面义“突破（障碍）”。 例句 The new medical breakthrough has saved thousands of lives 真题链接（人教版高中必修三教材例句) Scientists announced a major breakthrough in the treatment of cancer. 综合训练 一、 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.The_(大气层)around the Earth protects us from harmful radiation, 7.Astronauts carry_(氧气罐)to breathe in space. 8.The government is trying to reduce the_()of air pollution. 4 高中必修三人教 【寒假专版】E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 9.Winning the competition was her greatest() l0.We need to overcome all一（障碍）to achieve our goals. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The_(atmosphere)conditions in the desert are very harsh. 2.Radioactive materials can cause_(radiation)sickness. 3.It's_(hazard to swim in deep water without protection 4.Her main_(achieve)is developing a new energy-saving technology. 5.We should work hard to _(accomplishment)our dreams. 6.The project_(aim)at improving children's reading skills 7.He made an(attempt)to solve the problem,but failed. 8.Survival skills are important for(survive)in the wild. 9.Climbing the mountain is a(challenge)task for beginners. 10.The team's_(accomplish)surprised everyone in the company. 三、完成句子（每空一词） 1.这个计划旨在帮助贫困学生。 This program helping poor students. 2.没有氧气，大多数生物无法生存。 Most living things cannot oxygen. 3.她花了五年时间完成这个研究项目。 It took her five years to-the research project 4.政府正致力于减少30%的空气污染。 The governmentreducing air pollution by 30% 5.他试图独自登山，但因恶劣天气失败了。 He_to climb the mountain alone,but failed due to bad weather 6.适应能力对野外生存至关重要。 The ability to adapt is crucial for in the wild. 高中必修三人教 【寒假专版】 ，E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 四、语篇填空 The Earth's_(atmosphere)is essential for life.It blocks harmful-(radiation)from space and provides oxygen for us to-(survive).However,human activities have created many_(hazard) problems,such as air pollution.Scientists are working hard to find solutions.Their(aim)is to protect the environment and ensure a better future.They have made several_(attempt)to develop clean energy.One major_(achieve)is the invention of solar-powered cars.These cars help reduce pollution and_(accomplish)the goal of sustainable development.Although there are many (obstacle),they will continue to work towards their target. 参考答案 I根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.atmosphere 7.oxygen tanks 8.hazard 9.achievement 10.obstacles I.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.atmospheric 2.radiation 3.hazardous 4.achievement 5.accomplish 6.aims 7.attempt 8.survival 9.challenging 10.accomplishment I.完成句子 1.aims at 2.survive without 3.accomplish 4.aims at 5.made an attempt 6.survival V,语篇填空 1.atmosphere 2.radiation 3.survive 4.hazardous 5.aim 6.attempts 7.achievement 8.accomplish 9.obstacles 6