Unit 1 Science Fiction二-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇变形及词缀精讲选择性必修第四册（人教版）

高中选修4人教 【词汇精讲】 Unit 1 Science Fiction 词汇精讲 【Unit 1】Science Fiction 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 backwards/'bakwadz/NAmE pace /pers/n.速度；步伐；节奏大极限的n.最大量；最大限度 backward)adv.向后：倒着；往t.&vi.确定速度；调整节奏 explode/ik'splaod/vi.vt. 回 fall away短语（逐渐）减少；消炸；爆破 grp/grp/Vt.&vi.紧握：抓紧 失 jolt/d35lt/n.震动：摇晃：颠 hazy/'herzi/adj.模糊的朦胧division/d'vI3n/n.分开：分隔：簸t.&vi.(使)震动：摇晃 的：困惑的 差异：除（法） flip /flip/vt.&vi.(使)快速翻 niece /ni:s/n.侄女；外甥女 puff /pAf/n.(烟、气等的)一缕；转：（用手指）轻抛 fetch/fet∫/vt.(去)拿来：（去）请少量；喘息 stun/stn/t.使震惊：使昏迷 来 urge3:d3yn.强烈的欲望；冲动mud /mAd/n.泥；泥浆 handkerchief /'haenkatfif/n. t.催促；力劝；大力推荐have overstatement/'ovastertmant/ 帕：纸巾 an urge to有强烈的欲望做某事n.夸大；夸张 lamp1emp/n.灯；台灯 random/'raendam/adj.随机的： turn out短语关掉；熄灭：在场：不可思议的 使朝外；结果是 maximum /'maeksimom/adj. 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.backwards/bakwadz/adv.向后：倒着；往回 词汇变形 形容词形式：backward(美式，意为“向后的；落后的”) 构词解析 后缀-wards:加在名词或形容词后构成副词，表示“向…方向”。 同类词：forward(向前)→forwards(向前地)、upward(向上的)→upwards(向上地) 例句 He walked backwards to avoid hitting the wall behind him. 真题链接（人教版高中选修4同步练习) She stepped__(backward)when she saw the snake,.trembling with fear..（答案：backwards) 2.hay/'hezi/adj.模糊的；朦胧的；困惑的 词汇变形 高中选修4人教 【词汇精讲】 Unit 1 Science Fiction 名词形式：haze(薄雾：迷糊状态) 构词解析 后缀y:加在名词后构成形容词，表“多…的；有…性质的”。 同类词：cloud(云)→cloudy(多云的)、rain(雨)→rainy(下雨的) 例句 The mountain was covered in a hazy mist early in the morning. 真题链接（人教版高中选修4教材例句) Her memories of that day were still hazy after the accident. 3.division/d'vI3/n.分开：分隔：差异；除（法） 词汇变形 动词形式：divide(分开：划分：除) 形容词形式：divisive(引起分歧的) 构词解析 前缀di-(=dis-)表“分开”，词根vis(=vid,“看；分开”)，后缀-ion:加在动词后构成名词，表 “动作或结果”。 例句 The division of labor among team members improved work efficiency. 真题链接（人教版高中选修4同步练习)） The math problem requires the(divide)of 56 by 7,which equals 8.(division) 4.maximum/'maeksimam/adj.最大极限的n.最大量；最大限度 词汇变形 反义词：minimum(最小的；最小值) 构词解析 前缀maxi-表“最大的”，后缀-mum为名词/形容词后缀（常见于“极限”类词汇）。 同类词：minimum(最小的)、optimum(最佳的) 例句 The elevator can carry a maximum of 10 people at a time. 真题链接（人教版高中选修4教材例句) The speed limit on this road is 60 km/h,so you must not exceed the maximum speed. 5.explode/k'splaud/vi.&t.爆炸：爆破 词汇变形 名词形式：explosion(爆炸；爆发) 形容词形式：explosive(爆炸的：易爆的) 构词解析 前缀ex-表“出：向外”，词根plod(=clap,“爆裂”)，后缀-e为动词后缀。 例句 The bomb exploded with a loud noise,shaking the entire building. 真题链接（人教版高中选修4同步练习) The (explode))in the chemical factory caused a huge fire.(答案：explosion) 高中选修4人教 【词汇精讲】 Unit 1 Science Fiction 6.random/'raendam/adj.随机的；不可思议的 词汇变形 副词形式：randomly(随机地) 名词形式：randomness(随机性) 构词解析 后缀-do:加在形容词后构成名词，表“状态；领域”（此处引申为“无规律的状态”）：y构成副 词。 例句 The teacher called on students randomly to answer questions in class. 真题链接（人教版高中选修4同步练习) The survey selected participants. (random)from different age groups.(答案：randomly) 7.stun/stn/t.使震惊；使昏迷 词汇变形 形容词形式：stunning(令人震惊的：极好的) 名词形式：stun(震惊；昏迷)→stunner(惊人的事物/人) 构词解析 后缀ing:加在动词后构成形容词，表“令人…的”。 同类词：surprise(使惊讶)→surprising(令人惊讶的)、amaze(使惊奇)→amazing(令人惊奇的) 例句 The news of her sudden death stunned everyone in the office. 真题链接（人教版高中选修4教材例句) She wore a stunning dress to the awards ceremony,attracting all eyes. 8.overstatement/'auvastertmant/n.夸大；夸张 词汇变形 动词形式：overstate（夸大：夸张) 构词解析 前缀over-表“过度；超过”，词根state(陈述)，后缀ment:加在动词后构成名词，表“动作或结 果”。 例句 Claiming he "never makes mistakes"is clearly an overstatement. 真题链接（人教版高中选修4同步练习) The advertisement's claim that the product "cures all diseases"is an obvious (overstate).(答案： overstatement 9.handkerchief/haenkatfif/n.手帕；纸巾 词汇变形 复数形式：handkerchieves/'haenkat [i:vz/或handkerchiefs/'haenkatfrfs/ 构词解析 复合词：hand(手)+kerchief(头巾；方巾)，字面义“手持的方巾”。 例句 3 高中选修4人教 【词汇精讲】 Unit 1 Science Fiction She took out a handkerchief to wipe the sweat from her forehead 真题链接（人教版高中选修4教材例句） In the past,people always carried a handkerchief with them,but now tissues are more common. 10.jolt/d3olt/n.震动：摇晃：颠簸t.&vi.（使)震动：摇晃 词汇变形 形容词形式：jolting(颠簸的：令人震惊的) 构词解析 无明显前后缀，属于原生词，但可通过后缀-ig构成形容词。 例句 The train suddenly jolted,causing passengers to spill their drinks 真题链接（人教版高中选修4同步练习) The(jolt)ride on the mountain road made her feel sick.(答案：jolting) 11.urge/3:d/n.强烈的欲望：冲动t.催促；力劝；大力推荐 词汇变形 名词形式：urgency(紧急；迫切性) 形容词形式：urgent(紧急的；迫切的) 构词解析 后缀-ency:加在形容词后构成名词，表“性质或状态”；-ent构成形容词。 固定搭配：have an urge to(有强烈的欲望做某事)、urge sb.to do sth.(催促某人做某事) 例句 He felt an urge to travel around the world after graduation. 真题链接（人教版高中选修4教材例句) The doctor urged the patient to quit smoking for the sake of his health. 12.lip /flrp/vt.&vi.(使)快速翻转：（用手指）轻抛 词汇变形 过去式/过去分词：flipped 现在分词：flipping 构词解析 无明显前后缀，属于单音节动词，通过词尾变化构成时态/分词。 例句 She flipped the pancake with a quick movement of the spatula. 真题链接（人教版高中选修4同步练习) He (flip)through the pages of the book,looking for the key passage..（答案：flipped) 13.nud/mad/n.泥：泥浆 词汇变形 形容词形式：muddy(泥泞的：浑浊的) 构词解析 后缀y:加在名词后构成形容词，表“多…的；有…性质的”。 高中选修4人教 【词汇精讲】 Unit 1 Science Fiction 同类词：sand(沙)→sandy(多沙的)、snow(雪)→snowy(下雪的) 例句 After the rain,the path turned into a sea of mud,making it hard to walk. 真题链接（人教版高中选修4教材例句) The children played in the mud and came back with muddy clothes. 14.fetch /fet/vt.(去)拿来：（去）请来 词汇变形 过去式/过去分词：fetched 现在分词：fetching 构词解析 无明显前后缀，属于不规则动词（过去式加-ed)。 固定搭配：fetch sb.sth.=fetch sth.for sb.(为某人取某物) 例句 Could you please fetch me a glass of water from the kitchen? 真题链接（人教版高中选修4同步练习) She (fetch)her notebook from the desk and began to take notes carefully.(fetched) 综合训练 一、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.The (of the two teams led to different strategies. 7.The (最大量)of water this bottle can hold is1 liter. 8.The sudden (爆炸)scared all the people nearby: 9.She took out a(手帕）to wipe her tears. 10.We felt a strong(when the earthquake happened. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 6.The math problem requires the(divide)of 24 by 3. 7.The (explode)in the mine caused many injuries. 8.The survey selected participants(random)from the crowd. 9.The (jolt)journey made everyone feel tired. 10.She (fetch)her bag and hurried to the station. 高中选修4人教 【词汇精讲】 Unit 1 Science Fiction 三、完成句子（每空一词) 5.他向后退了儿步，以免撞到墙上。 He stepped to avoid hitting the wall 6.晨雾使远山看起来很模糊。 The morning fog made the distant mountains look 7.老师催促我们尽快完成作业。 The teacher us to finish the homework as soon as possible 8.这辆车的最高速度是每小时120公里。 The speed of this car is 120 km/h. 四、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 When hiking in the mountains,we should pay attention to safety.First,check the weather forecast.If it'sa_ (haze)day,visibility will be low.Second,carry necessary items like a(handker- chief)and water.The (maximum)weight of your backpack should not exceed 10 kg.Third, walk carefully on rocky paths to avoid(jolt)steps.If you see a snake,step (backward) slowly and don't panic.Remember,teamwork and (divide)of tasks can make the trip easier. 参考答案 I根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.division 7.maximum 8.explosion 9.handkerchief 10.jolt Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空 6.division 7.explosion 8.randomly 9.jolting 10.fetched I完成句子 5.backwards 6.hazy 7.urged 8.maximum V.语篇填空 1.hazy 2.handkerchief 3.maximum 4.jolting 5.backward 6.division 6