Unit 3 Sea Exploration 二-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇变形及词缀精讲选择性必修第四册（人教版）

高中选修4人教 【寒假专版】E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 寒假专版 【Unit3】Sea Exploration二 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 press conference短语记者招待 coral/'kpral/n.珊瑚 mery/'m3sih.仁慈：宽恕：恩 会：新闻发布会 migration /mar'grer fn/n.迁移；惠 applaud'plb:dt.&vi.鼓掌 迁徙：移居 possession /pa'zefn/n.[usually t.称赞；赞赏 directory/d'rektari/n.名录；电pl]个人财产；拥有；控制 tax /taeks/vt.对…征税：使纳话号码簿：（计算机文件或程序opponent/a'paunant/n.反对者； 税n.税；税款 的)目录 对手：竞争者 manned /maend/adj..有人控制meanwhile'mi:nwarl/adv.与此log /lg;NAmE 15:gwt.把…. 的：需人操纵的 同时：（比较两方面）对比之下载入正式记录：记录n.正式记 submersible/sab'm3 sabl/n.潜exploit/k'sploIt/vt.开发；利用；录；日志；原木 水器：可潜船 剥削 marine /mo'rin/adj.海的；海产 underwater/,ndsw:te)/adv.gallon /galaen/n.加仑（容积单的：海生的 在水下adj.水下的 位，1英制加仑约等于4.5升)arrest/'rest/n.逮捕：拘留；中 capsule/'kapsju:n.胶囊；太空murder/m3:da)t.谋杀；凶止t.逮捕：拘留：阻止 舱 杀：毁坏n.谋杀：凶杀 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.tax/taeks/vt.对…征税；使纳税n.税；税款 词汇变形 形容词形式：taxable(应纳税的) 名词复数：taxes 构词解析 后缀-able:加在动词后构成形容词，表“可…的：能…的” 例句 Income from part-time jobs is taxable in many countries. 真题链接（人教版高中选修4同步练习) The government plans to increase_(tax)on luxury goods next year.(taxes) 2.exploit /ik'splort/t.开发：利用：剥削 词汇变形 1 高中选修4人教 【寒假专版】 ,E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 名词形式：exploitation(开发：剥削) 形容词形式：exploitative(剥削的：利用的) 构词解析 前缀ex-:表“出；向外”；后缀-ation:构成名词，表“动作或过程”；-ative:构成形容词 例句 Scientists are trying to exploit new energy sources to reduce pollution. 真题链接（人教版高中选修4教材例句) The exploitation of natural resources should be balanced with environmental protection. 3.migrate /mar'gret/wi.迁移；迁徙 词汇变形 名词形式：migration(迁移；迁徙) 形容词形式：migratory(迁移的；迁徙的) 构词解析 前缀migr-:表“移动”；后缀-ation:构成名词；-atoy:构成形容词 例句 Birds migrate south in winter to find warmer places. 真题链接（人教版高中选修4同步练习) The_(migrate)of whales has always been a mystery to scientists.（答案：migration) 4.oppose1 'pauz/vt.反对；反抗 词汇变形 名词形式：opponent(反对者；对手)：opposition（反对；opposition) 形容词形式：opposed(反对的) 构词解析 前缀op-:表“相反：对立”；后缀-ent:构成名词“人”：-ition:构成名词“动作或状态” 例句 Many people oppose the plan to build a factory near the river. 真题链接（人教版高中选修4同步练习) He has always been a strong_(oppose)of animal testing.(opponent) 5.log/Dgt.记录：登录n.日志；原木 词汇变形 名词复数：logs 过去式/过去分词：log8ed 构词解析 无明显前后缀，属于基础词汇，变形为规则动词 例句 The captain logs the ship's speed and position every hour. 真题链接（人教版高中选修4教材例句) You need to log your daily activities in the experiment report. 2 高中选修4人教 【寒假专版】 E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 6.marine/me'rin/adj.海的：海产的 词汇变形 名词形式：marine(海军陆战队士兵，较少见)：maritime(海事的；海运的，同源词) 构词解析 前缀mar-:表“海洋”（源自拉丁语mare“海”） 例句 Marine life in the coral reef is extremely diverse. 真题链接（人教版高中选修4同步练习) The _(marine)museum displays many interesting sea creatures.(marine) 7.arrest /a'rest/h.逮捕：拘留vt.逮捕：阻止 词汇变形 名词复数：arrests 过去式/过去分词：arrested 构词解析 前缀ar-:表“加强”；rest:表“停留”，合意为“使停留”即“逮捕” 例句 The police arrested the suspect at the airport yesterday. 真题链接（人教版高中选修4同步练习) The(arrest)of the criminal brought relief to the local people.(arrest) 8.applaud/A'plb:dt.&vi.鼓掌；称赞 词汇变形 名词形式：applause(掌声；喝彩) 构词解析 前缀ap-:表“加强”；plaud:表“拍手”（源自拉丁语plaudere“拍手”） 例句 The audience applauded loudly after the performance. 真题链接（人教版高中选修4教材例句) Her courage and wisdom were greeted with thunderous_(applaud).(applause) 9.possess /p3'zest.拥有；持有 词汇变形 名词形式：possession(财产：拥有) 形容词形式：possessive(占有的；所有格的) 构词解析 前缀pos-:表“放置”；后缀-ion:构成名词；-ive:构成形容词 例句 He possesses a great deal of knowledge about ancient history. 真题链接（人教版高中选修4同步练习) Personal_(possess))should be kept in the locker during the exam.（答案：possessions) 3 高中选修4人教 【寒假专版】E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 l0.murder/'m3:da()/t.谋杀；凶杀n.谋杀：凶杀 词汇变形 名词复数：murders 过去式/过去分词：murdered 名词形式：murderer(凶手) 构词解析 后缀-：加在动词后构成名词“人”，表“做…的人” 例句 The police are investigating the murder that happened last night. 真题链接（人教版高中选修4同步练习) The _(murder)was sentenced to life imprisonment for his crime.(murderer) 11.mercy/m3sin.仁慈；宽恕 词汇变形 形容词形式：merciful(仁慈的；宽容的) 副词形式：mercifully(仁慈地：幸运地) 构词解析 后缀f:加在名词后构成形容词，表“充满…的”；y:构成副词 例句 The king showed mercy to the prisoner and set him free. 真题链接（人教版高中选修4同步练习) It was._(mercy)that no one was hurt in the accident..（答案：merciful) l2.underwater/nd.'wo:ta)/adj.水下的adv.在水下 词汇变形 拆分解析：under-(前缀，表“在…之下”)+water（水) 构词解析 前缀under--:表“在…下面；低于”，构成复合词 同类词：underground(地下的)；underdeveloped(欠发达的) 例句 The divers discovered an underwater cave full of coral. 真题链接（人教版高中选修4教材例句) The submersible can take photos and collect samples in _(underwater)environments.(underwater) l3.manned /mand/adj.有人控制的；需人操纵的 词汇变形 动词原形：man（操纵：配备人员) 构词解析 后缀-d:加在名词后构成形容词，表“由…配备的；被…的” 例句 The manned spaceship successfully returned to Earth after a 30-day mission 真题链接（人教版高中选修4同步练习) 4 高中选修4人教 【寒假专版】 ，E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 This is the first(man)submarine to reach the deepest part of the ocean.(manned) 14.directory/d'rektari/n.名录；目录 词汇变形 动词形式：direct(指导：指挥) 形容词形式：direct(直接的)：directory(目录的) 构词解析 前缀dir-:表“straight”;后缀-oy:构成名词“场所或物”，表“…的集合” 例句 You can find his phone number in the company directory. 真题链接（人教版高中选修4同步练习) The_(direct)of the museum will give us a tour this afternoon.（答案：director,注：direct名词形式 为director“主管”，与directory同源) 综合训练 一、 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.The government plans to increase_()on luxury goods next year. 7.The _(of natural resources should be balanced with environmental protection. 8.The()of whales has always been a mystery to scientists. 9.He has always been a strong一（反对者）of animal testing 10.Her courage and wisdom were greeted with thunderous _() 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.Income from part-time jobs is_(tax)in many countries. 2.Scientists are trying to_(exploit)new energy sources to reduce pollution. 3.Birds(migrate)south in winter to find warmer places. 4.Many people(oppose)the plan to build a factory near the river. 5.The captain(log)the ship's speed and position every hour. 6.Marine life in the coral reef is extremely_(diverse). 7.The police_(arrest)the suspect at the airport yesterday. 8.He_(possess)a great deal of knowledge about ancient history. 高中选修4人教 【寒假专版】E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 三、完成句子 1.自然资源的开发应与环境保护相平衡。 The_of natural resources should be balanced with environmental protection. 2.鲸鱼的迁徙一直是科学家们的谜团。 Theof whales has always been a mystery to scientists. 3.他一直是动物实验的强烈反对者。 He has always been a strong-of animal testing. 4.她的勇气和智慧赢得了雷鸣般的掌声。 Her courage and wisdom were greeted with thunderous- 四、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Reading aloud is-(helpful)for improving vocabulary.Many students-(oppose)the idea at first, but later realized its benefits.The teacher asked them to(log)their daily reading time.After a month,their progress was_(applaud)by everyone.One student even won a prize for her (introduce)on reading habits. 参考答案 I根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.taxes 7.exploitation 8.migration 9.opponent 10.applause Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.taxable 2.exploit 3.migrate 4.oppose 5.logs 6.diverse 7.arrested 8 possesses I完成句子 1.exploitation 2.migration 3.opponent 4.applause V.语篇填空 helpful opposed log applauded introduction 6