Unit 1 Science Fiction 三-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇变形及词缀精讲选择性必修第四册（人教版）

高中选修4人教 【词汇精讲】Unit1 Science Fiction 词汇精讲 【Unit 1】Science Fiction 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 fare /fea)/n.车费：船费：飞机flour/flaa)/n.面粉：（谷物 take over短语占上风；接管 票价 磨成的)粉 inaction/m'ekn/n.无行动：不 weekly/wiki/adj.每周的n.venue /'venju/n.活动场地 采取措施 周刊 salesman/'serlzman/n.售货员：conflict with短语与…冲突 on a .basis短语根据；以…推销员 labour/'leba(r)/n.劳动vi.奋 的方式 alien/'eilian/n.外星人；外国人斗 calculate/'kaelkjulert/t.计算；ad.陌生的 leather/ler)/n.皮革；皮衣 核算；预测 pros and cons短语事物的利与lever/'Ii:var)/n.操纵杆：杠杆 chairwoman/'tfeawom3/n.女弊 panel/'penl/n.控制板；仪表盘 主席：女董事长 blurred /bls3dadj.模糊不清的inch/mtn.英寸（长度单位） gramme/grem/n.克（重量单superior/u:'praris()/ad.更好 位) 的：占优势的 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.weekly/wi:kli//adj.每周的n.周刊 名词形式：week(周：星期) 构词解析：后缀-y:加在名词后，构成形容词或副词，表”每…的地”。 同类词：daily(每日的)、monthly(每月的) 例句：We have a weekly meeting every Monday afternoon, 真题链接（人教版高中选修4同步练习）：The magazine is published(week)and has a large number of readers.(答案：weekly) 2.calculate/'kaelkjulert/vt.计算：核算；预测 名词形式：calculation(计算；推算) 形容词形式：calculated(计算出的：蓄意的) 构词解析：后缀-ate:构成动词；-tion是对应的名词后缀：-ed构成形容词。 例句：You can use a calculator to calculate the result quickly. 真题链接（人教版高中选修4教材例句)：Scientists are trying to calculate the possible effects of climate change. 1 高中选修4人教 【词汇精讲】 Unit 1 Science Fiction 3.chairwoman/'t∫eawuman/n.女主席：女董事长：女委员长 对应男性名词：chairman(主席；董事长) 中性名词：chairperson(主席，不分性别) 构词解析：前缀chair-(主持；主席)+woman(女性)，合成词表”女性主席'。 同类词：spokeswoman(女发言人)←-spokesman(发言人) The chairwoman of the company made an important announcement yesterday. 真题链接（人教版高中选修4同步练习)：The meeting was presided over by the(chair)of the committee.(答案：chairwoman) 4.salesman/'serlzm3n/n.售货员；推销员 对应女性名词：saleswoman(女售货员) 复数形式：salesmen 构词解析：前缀sales-(销售)+man(男性)，合成词表”男性销售人员”。 例句：The salesman tried to per'suade me to buy the new product.. 真题链接（人教版高中选修4同步练习)：The(sale)in that shop are very friendly and helpful. (答案：salesmen) 5.blurred /bl3:d/adj.模糊不清的：难以区分的 动词形式：blur(使模糊：变得模糊) 构词解析：后缀-d:加在动词后，构成形容词，表”已…的：被…的”。 The old photo was so blurred that I couldn't recognize my grandmother. 真题链接（人教版高中选修4教材例句)：Her memories of the accident became blurred over time. 6.superior/su:'praria)/adj.更好的；占优势的；更高的 名词形式：superiority(优越性：优势) 反义词：inferior(较差的：较低的) 构词解析：前缀super--（超过；在上)+后缀-ior(表比较级)，构成形容词表”更优的”。 固定搭配：be superior to(比…更好) 例句：This new model is superior to the old one in terms of performance. 真题链接（人教版高中选修4同步练习)：His work is far_(superior)to mine in quality.(答案： superior) 7.inaction /i'ekn/n.无行动：不采取措施 反义词：action(行动；措施) 形容词形式：inactive(不活跃的：不作为的) 构词解析：前缀in-（表否定)+action(行动)，构成名词表”无行动”。 例句：The government's inaction led to a worsening of the situation, 真题链接（人教版高中选修4同步练习)：We can't afford_(ac)in the face of such a serious problem.(答案：inaction) 8.labour/lerba(r)/n.劳动（者）：体力劳动vi.奋斗：努力工作 形容词形式：laborious（费力的：勤劳的) 高中选修4人教 【词汇精讲】 Unit 1 Science Fiction 美式拼写：labor 构词解析：后缀-ous:加在名词后，构成形容词，表”具有…性质的”。 例句：Farmers have to labour hard in the fields during the harvest season. 真题链接（人教版高中选修4教材例句）：The success of the project required a lot of hard labour from everyone involved. 9.leather/leda(r)/n.皮革；皮衣 形容词形式：leathern(皮革制的，较少用) 动词形式：leather(用皮革包裹，非正式) 构词解析：直接名词转化，无明显前后缀，可构成复合词如leather jacket（皮夹克)。 例句：She bought a pair of leather shoes for her father's birthday. 真题链接（人教版高中选修4同步练习)：This bag is made of real (leather),so it's very durable. (答案：leather) 10.panel/'penl/n.控制板：仪表盘；专家咨询组 动词形式：panel(镶板：选定…组成专门小组) 构词解析：无明显前后缀，可构成复合词如control panel(控制面板)。 例句：The expert panel will discuss the environmental issues tomorrow. 真题链接（人教版高中选修4教材例句）：He pressed a button on the control panel to start the machine. 11.alien/'ellian/n.外星人：外国人adj.陌生的：外星的 名词形式（指外国人）：alien(同形) 动词形式：alienate(使疏远；离间) 构词解析：前缀al-（表”其他”)+-ien（后缀表”…的人/物”)，原义”外来的”。 例句：The movie tells a story about an alien from Mars 真题链接（人教版高中选修4同步练习）：She felt__(alien)in the new city where she had no friends. (答案：alienated) l2.conflict/'konflikt/n.冲突；矛盾kan'fkt/vi.冲突：抵触 形容词形式：conflicting(相互矛盾的：冲突的) 构词解析：前缀con-（共同)+fiCt(打击)，字面义”共同打击”，引申为”冲突”。 固定搭配：conflict with(与…冲突) 例句：His actions conflict with his words,.making others distrust him. 真题链接（人教版高中选修4同步练习)：There are_(conflict)reports about the cause of the accident..(答案：conflicting) 综合训练 一、 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The magazine is published (每周)and has a large number of readers,. 3 高中选修4人教 【词汇精讲】 Unit 1 Science Fiction 2.Scientists are trying to make a (计算)of the possible effects of climate change, 3.The meeting was presided over by the (女主席)of the committee. 4.The (售货员)in that shop are very friendly and helpful 5.Her memories of the accident became (模糊不清的)over time. 6.His work is far (更好的)to mine in quality. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.You can use a calculator to (calculation)the result quickly. 2.The old photo was so (blur)that I couldn't recognize my grandmother. 3.This new model is(superiority)to the old one in terms of performance. 4.The government's(act)led to a worsening of the situation 5.Farmers have to (labour)hard in the fields during the harvest season. 6.She felt (alien)in the new city where she had no friends. 7.There are (conflict)reports about the cause of the accident. 三、完成句子（每空一词） 1.这家公司的女董事长昨天发表了一项重要声明。 The of the company made an important announcement yesterday. 2.那个推销员试图说服我买新产品。 The tried to persuade me to buy the new product. 3.这个包是用真皮做的，所以很耐用。 This bag is made of real,so it's very durable. 4.他按了控制面板上的一个按钮启动机器。 He pressed a button on the control to start the machine. 四、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 4 高中选修4人教 【词汇精讲】 Unit 1 Science Fiction The (week)meeting is held every Monday afternoon.Last week,the (chair)of the committee presided over it.She mentioned that the company's sales had increased,thanks to the hard work of the (sale).However,there were some(conflict)reports about customer feedback.The expert (panel)was asked to calculate the possible solutions.One member suggested improving the after-sales service,which was considered(superior)to other ideas. Everyone agreed that inaction would lead to more problems.Finally,they decided to train the staff to avoid making (calculation)mistakes. 参考答案 I根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.weekly 2.calculation 3.chairwoman 4.salesmen 5.blurred 6.superion Ⅱ用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.calculate 2.blurred 3.superior 4.inaction 5.labour 6.alienated 7.conflicting L.完成句子 1.chairwoman 2.salesman 3.leather 4.panel V.语篇填空 1.weekly 2.chairwoman 3.salesmen 4.conflicting 5.panel 6.superior 7.calcula- tion 5