Unit 3 Mind and body A部分-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇变形及词缀精讲选择性必修第三册（沪外版）

高中沪外版 【选择性必修第三册】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 Unit 3 Unit3 Mind and body A部分 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 prehistory/,pri:'histri/n.史前时radiocarbon dating/,reidi'ka:b3一种史前建筑结构，由两块竖 期：远古时期 det/n.碳定年法（根据测定立巨石上架另一块巨石构成） monument/'mpnjumant/n.历史 古物不同形态的碳含量以计算incredible /m'kredabl/adj.不能 遗迹：有历史价值的建筑 年代) 相信的：难以置信的 enormous'nm3 s/adj.巨大pyramid/'prramid/n.(古埃及original/A'IId3ml/adj.原来的： 的：庞大的 的)金字塔 起初的：最早的（仅用于名词 measure/me3a/v.(指尺寸、长archaeologist/.aki'olad3Ist/n.前) 短、数量等)量度为：测量：度考古学家 dedicate oneself to献身；致力； 量 cemetery/'sematri/n.（尤指不专心 length /lerθ/n.长：长度 靠近教堂的)墓地，坟地，公墓take place尤指根据安排或计划 origin/'DrId3/n.起源：源头；bone /baun/n.骨头；骨 发生，进行 起因 transport /trans'pt/V.运输， mystery/'mIstri/n.神秘的事物；运送，输送 不可理解之事：奥秘 trilithon /trar'l0on/n.三石塔 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.prehistory/,pri:histri/n.史前时期；远古时期 词汇变形 同根词：prehistoric adj..史前的 构词解析 前缀pre-:表示“在…之前；预先”，history意为“历史”，prehistory即“历史之前的时期”。 例句：Prehistoric people used stone tools to hunt animals. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修三同步练习）：The study of_(prehistory)cultures helps us understand early human society.(答案：prehistoric) 2.monument/'mDnjument/n.历史遗迹：有历史价值的建筑 词汇变形 动词形式：monumentalize v.为…立碑：纪念（较少见） 形容词形式：monumental adj..纪念碑式的：不朽的 高中沪外版 【选择性必修第三册】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 构词解析 后缀-ment:加在动词后构成名词，表示“行为的结果或产物”，monument由“monu-(提醒)+-ment” 构成，意为“提醒后人的建筑”。 例句：The Great Wall is a monumental symbol of Chinese civilization. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修三教材例句）：The ancient temple is considered an important cultural monument. 3.enormous'nmas/adj.巨大的；庞大的 词汇变形 副词形式：enormously adv..极其；非常 构词解析 前缀e-(同ex-):表示“出；超出”，nom意为“标准”，enormous即“超出标准的”，引申为“巨 大的”。 例句：The project requires an enormous amount of time and money. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修三同步练习)：The company has made (enormous)progress in the past five years..(答案：enormous) 4.measure/me3/v.量度为：测量：度量 词汇变形 名词形式：measurement n.测量；尺寸 构词解析 后缀-ment:加在动词后构成名词，measure(测量)+-ment表示“测量的行为或结果”。 例句：The measurement of the room is5 meters in length. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修三同步练习）：e need to (measure)the distance between the two points first..（答案：measure) 5.origin/prId3m/n.起源；源头；起因 词汇变形 形容词形式：original adj.原来的；起初的；最早的 副词形式：originally adv.最初；本来 构词解析 后缀-al:加在名词后构成形容词，origin+-al表示“与起源相关的”，即“最初的”。 The original plan was to finish the work by Friday,but we need more time. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修三教材例句）：Scientists are still studying the origin of the universe. 6.mystery/'mIstri/n.神秘的事物；不可理解之事：奥秘 词汇变形 形容词形式：mysterious adj..神秘的；难以理解的 副词形式：mysteriously adv.神秘地：难以解释地 构词解析 后缀-y:将形容词（如nysterious)名词化，mystery表示“神秘的事物”；后缀-ous构成形容词， 表“具有…性质的”。 2 高中沪外版 【选择性必修第三册】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 例句：The disappearance of the ancient city remains a mystery. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修三同步练习）：The(mystery)light in the sky attracted many astronomers.(答案：mysterious) 7.archaeologist/,aki'Dl3d3Ist/n.考古学家 词汇变形 名词形式：archaeology n.考古学 构词解析 后缀-logist:表示“…学家”，archaeo-意为“古代”，-logy表示“学科”，archaeology即“研究 古代的学科”，archaeologist则为“研究考古学的人”。 例句：The archaeologist discovered a tomb dating back to the Han Dynasty. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修三教材例句)：Archaeologists use radiocarbon dating to determine the age of ancient objects. 8.cemetery/'sematri/n.墓地，坟地，公墓 构词解析 前缀co-(变体cem-):表示“共同”，meter意为“休息的地方”（源自希腊语），cemetery即“逝者 共同休息的地方”。 例句：The old cemetery is surrounded by tall trees and flowers.. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修三同步练习）：People often visit their ancestors'graves in the _(cemetery)during the Qingming Festival.(答案：cemetery) 9.transport/traens'pt/V.运输，运送，输送 词汇变形 名词形式：transportation n.运输；交通工具 构词解析 前缀trans-:表示“横过；从一处到另一处”，pot意为“携带”，transport即“从一地携带到另一 地”。 例句：The company specializes in the transportation of goods by sea. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修三教材例句)：Ancient people used horses to transport heavy stones for building pyramids. l0.incredible/m'kredabl/adj.不能相信的：难以置信的 词汇变形 副词形式：incredibly adv.极其；难以置信地 反义词：credible adj.可信的：可靠的 构词解析 前缀in-:表示“不：无”，credible(可信的)+in-构成否定，incredible即“不可信的：难以置信的”。 The athlete made an incredible comeback in the final minute of the game. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修三同步练习）：It's_(incredible)that he finished the marathon in under three hours..(答案：incredible) 3 高中沪外版 【选择性必修第三册】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 11.original/Atd3nl/adj.原来的；起初的：最早的 词汇变形 名词形式：originality n.独创性：新颖 构词解析 词根origin(起源)+后缀-al(形容词后缀)，original表示“起源的：最初的”，-ity构成名词表“性 质”。 例句：Her design shows great originality and creativity. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修三同步练习）：The(original)owner of the house moved away last year..(答案：original) l2.dedicate oneself to献身：致力；专心 词汇变形 名词形式：dedication n.奉献；献身 形容词形式：dedicated adj..献身的；专注的 构词解析 前缀de-:表示“完全；加强”，dict意为“说：承诺”，dedicate即“全身心承诺”，引申为“献身”。 She dedicated herself to helping homeless children for over 20 years. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修三教材例句）：Iis dedication to scientific research earned him worldwide respect. l3.take place发生；进行 词汇变形 同根词：placement n.放置；安排(place v.放置：安排) 构词解析 take place为固定短语，place在此处意为“位置”，take place即“占据位置”，引申为“按计划发生”。 例句：The annual school concert will take place next Friday.. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修三同步练习）：The meeting (take place)in the conference room at2p.m.yesterday.(答案：took place) 14.pyramid/'piramId/n.(古埃及的)金字塔 构词解析 后缀-id:表示“具有…形状的”，pyram-源自希腊语“pyramis”(三角锥)，pyramid即“三角锥 形建筑”。 例句：The Pyramids of Egypt were built as tombs for pharaohs.. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修三教材例句）：The structure of a pyramid has a square base and four triangular sides. 4 高中沪外版 【选择性必修第三册】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 综合训练 一、 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The study of ancient objects and cultures is called (考古学) 2.The Great Wall is considered an important cultural (历史遗迹 3.Scientists are trying to find the (起源)of the universe. 4.Many people visit the(to honor their ancestors during festivals 5.The (of Egypt are one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The (archaeology)discovered a rare artifact in the ancient tomb. 2.Her (dedicate)to teaching has inspired many students. 3.The project requires an(enormous)amount of effort and resources. 4.The (mystery)disappearance of the ship remains unsolved 5.We need to take(measure)to protect the environment immediately. 6.The (origin)plan was changed due to unexpected weather conditions. 7.The athlete's performance was (incredible)impressive,breaking the world record. 三、完成句子（每空一词） 1.考古学家致力于研究史前文化。 Archaeologists studying cultures. 2.这场会议将于下周一举行。 The meeting next Monday. 3.这座纪念碑是为了纪念那些献身于国家独立的人们。 The monument is built to honor those who the country's independence. 4.古埃及人用船只运输巨石建造金字塔。 Ancient Egyptians used boats to heavy stones for building 四、语篇填空 高中沪外版 【选择性必修第三册】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Archaeology is a fascinating field that helps us understand human history.An(archaeologist) once discovered a prehistoric cemetery with tools made of stone.These tools,dating back to (prehistory)times,showed the(origin)way of life of early humans.The site also included a small monument,which was(enormous)in size compared to other structures nearby. Scientists used radiocarbon dating to measure the age of the artifacts,and the results were (incredible).They believed the people here had developed a system to transport materials over long distances,as some stones came from mountains far away.The mystery of how they achieved this still puzzles researchers today. 参考答案 I.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.archaeology 7.monument 8.origin 9.cemetery 10.pyramids Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.archaeologist 2.dedication 3.enormous 4.mysterious 5.measures 6.original incredibly I.完成句子 1.dedicate themselves to;prehistoric 2.will take place 3.dedicated themselves to 4.trans- port;pyramids V.语篇填空 1.archaeologist 2.prehistoric 3.original 4.enormous 5.incredible 6