Unit 1 Scientists B部分-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇变形及词缀精讲选择性必修第二册（沪外版）

选择性必修第二册沪外版 【词汇精讲】 Unit 1 Scientists B部分 词汇精讲 【Unit1】Scientists B部分 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 chemist/'kemist/n.化学家 可 helix/hi:lks/n.螺旋（形）口 master/ma:st/v.掌握，精通 crucial/'kru:/adj.至关重要的： scientific/,saon'tfik/adj.科学crystallography/,kristl'vgrofi//n.关键性的 (上)的：关于科学的 晶体学口 breakthrough /'breikeru:/n. advance/d'vans/n.进步，进assign/A'sam/v.分配（某物）；大进展；突破口 展 分派（工作、任务等） fellow/fela/adj.同类的；同事 undying/n'da/adj.永恒的；unnoticed/,n'nautrst/adj.未被的；同伴的 永久的：不朽的口 看见的：未受到注意的 gender/'d3enda/n.性别 passion/pe3n/n.酷爱 female/'fi:merl/adj.女性的 inequality/,mr'kwplati/n.不平 make-believe/,merk br'li:v/n.虚puzzle/'pAz/n.不解之迷；疑等；不平衡口 构：想象口 问：谜口 unfair/n'fea/adj.不公正的： disapproval/.drsa'pru:v/n.不couple/"kApl/v.连接，结合 不公平的 赞成：反对口 clarity/'klarati/n.清晰的思维head-on/hed'on/adv.直接地； publish/'Pablif/v.发表 (或理解)能力口 正面地 cycle/'sak/v.骑自行车：骑自evidence/'evidans/n.根据；证get in the way of短语挡…路： 行车旅行 明：证据 妨碍 bomb/bpm/v.轰炸；对…投data/'deta/n.数据，资料 get hold of短语抓住：拿着；得 炸弹 virus /'varras/n.病毒；滤过性到；获得 earm3n/v.赢得，博得 病毒 lose heart短语丧失信心：泄气 doctorate/dpktarit/n.博士学位credit/'kredrt/.n.赞扬；称赞；认 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.scientific/,saan'tfk/adj.科学（上）的；关于科学的 名词形式：science(科学) 构词解析：前缀sci-(=kmow,知道)：后缀-ent构成形容词，-ific表“产生…的”，合为“与科 学相关的”。 同类词：scientist(科学家)←-science+-ist(表人) 例句：We need to use scientific methods to solve this problem. 1 选择性必修第二册沪外版 【词汇精讲】 Unit1 Scientists B部分 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第二册单元练习）：The research team has made a discovery in the field of biology.(答案：scientific) 2.approval /a'pu:v/n.赞成：批准（注：输入中为disapproval,此处补充其反义词基础词） 动词形式：approve(批准：赞成)：反义词：disapproval(不赞成) 构词解析：前缀即-(=to)+prove(证明)：后缀-al构成名词：dis-为否定前缀，表“相反”。 例句：The plan was finally approved by the committee after discussion. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第二册阅读填空）：His of the project gave us the confidence to proceed.(答案：approval) 3.publish/'PAblif/v.发表：出版 名词形式：publication(出版；出版物)：形容词形式：public(公开的) 构词解析：前缀pub-(people,民众)+lish(nake,使)，字面义“使面向民众”；名词后缀-ation 表“动作或结果”。 例句：The author decided to publish her new novel next month. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第二册课文原句）：Her research findings were in a top scientific journal.(答案：published) 4.female/'fi:merl/adj.女性的；n.女性 对应词：male(男性的；男性) 构词解析：前缀fe-(=woman,女性)+male(男性)，通过对比构词；无明显后缀，直接作形容词 或名词。 例句：She is the first female professor in this department. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第二册完形填空）：In the past, scientists often faced greater challenges in their careers..(答案：female) 5.inequality/,r'kwplati/n.不平等；不平衡 形容词形式：unequal(不平等的)：反义词：equality(平等) 构词解析：前缀in-(否定)+equal(平等的)+后缀-ity(表性质)：equal源自拉丁语aequalis(相 等的)。 同类词：equality(平等)、equivalent(相等的) 例句：Social inequality remains a major issue in many countries. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第二册阅读理解）：The report focuses on reducing in education and employment.(答案：inequality) 6.unfair/,n'fe/adj.不公正的；不公平的 反义词：fair（公平的)：副词形式：unfairly(不公平地) 构词解析：前缀un-（否定)+fair（公平的)：ly为副词后缀。 例句：It is unfair to judge someone based on their appearance. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第二册语法填空）：The students complained that the test was designed..(答案：unfairly) 选择性必修第二册沪外版 【词汇精讲】 Unit1 Scientists B部分 7.crucial/kau:/adj.至关重要的：关键性的 副词形式：crucially(关键地) 构词解析：源自拉丁语crucialis(十字形的，引申为“决定性的”)：后缀-ly构成副词。 例句：Regular exercise is crucial for maintaining good health. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第二册写作范文）： (crucial),we must take action to protect the environment immediately.(答案：Crucially) 8.advance /ad'vans/n.进步，进展；V.前进 形容词形式：advanced(先进的；高级的) 构词解析：前缀ad-(=to)+vance(=go,走)，本义“向前走”；后缀-ed构成形容词，表“已完成 的”。 例句：The company has made great advances in technology this year. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第二册单元测试）：This new technology is more一than the previous version.(答案：advanced) 9.passion/'pen/n.酷爱：激情 形容词形式：passionate(热情的；狂热的) 构词解析：源自拉丁语passio（情感)：后缀-ate构成形容词，表“具有…性质的”。 例句：She has a passion for classical music and plays the piano every day. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第二册阅读理解)：His_about science led him to become a famous researcher.(答案：passion) 10.evidence/evidans/n.根据；证据 动词形式：evident(明显的，较少作动词；常见形容词) 构词解析：前缀e-(=out,出来)+ⅵd(=see,看见)+后缀-ence(表性质)，字面义“能被看见的 东西”。 例句：There is no evidence to support his claim. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第二册完形填空）：The police found」 that linked the suspect to the crime..(答案：evidence) ll.doctorate/'doktarIt/n.博士学位 名词形式：doctor(博士：医生) 构词解析：源自拉丁语doctor(教师，学者)：后缀-ate表“职位或学位”。 同类词：bachelor(学士)、master(硕士) 例句：She earned her doctorate in chemistry from Harvard University. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第二册阅读问答）：What degree did the scientist receive after years of study?(答案：doctorate) 12.master/'ma:st/v.掌握，精通；n.硕士：主人 名词形式：mastery(精通；掌握) 构词解析：源自拉丁语magister(教师，主人)：后缀y构成名词，表“状态或性质”。 例句：It takes years to master a foreign language. 3 选择性必修第二册沪外版 【词汇精讲】 Unit 1 Scientists B部分 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第二册语法填空）：Hr of the subject impressed all her teachers.（答案：mastery) 13.clarify/klaerafa/v.澄清：阐明（注：输入中为clarity,此处补充其动词形式） 名词形式：clarity(清晰)：形容词形式：clear(清晰的) 构词解析：前缀clar-(=clear,清晰)+后缀-ify(使…化)：名词后缀-ity表“性质”。 The professor explained the theory again to clarify the students'confusion. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第二册写作练习）：Please your point in the next paragraph, (答案：clarify) 14.assign/A'sam/v.分配；分派 名词形式：assignment(任务：作业) 构词解析：前缀as(to)+sign(标记，指示)，本义“标记给某人”；后缀-ment构成名词，表“动 作的结果”。 例句：The teacher will assign a new project to each group tomorrow. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第二册单元练习）：Have you finished the that the teacher gave last week?(答案：assignment) 综合训练 一、 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The research team has made a (科学的)discovery in the field of biology. 2.Her」 (of the project gave us the confidence to proceed. 3.Social (不平等)remains a major issue in many countries.. 4.Itis (不公平的)to judge someone based on their appearance. 5.Regular exercise is_ (至关重要的for maintaining good health 6.The police found (证据)that linked the suspect to the crime. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The author decided to (publish)her new novel next month. 2.She earnedher (doctor)in chemistry from Harvard University. 3.His_(passionate)about science led him to become a famous researcher. 4.The teacher will (assign)a new project to each group tomorrow. 4 选择性必修第二册沪外版 【词汇精讲】 Unit 1 Scientists B部分 5.Please (clarify)your point in the next paragraph. 6.This new technology is more (advance)than the previous version. 三、完成句子（每空一词) 1.我们需要用科学方法解决这个问题。 We need to use to solve this problem. 2.她的研究结果发表在顶级科学期刊上。 Her research findings were in a top scientific journal 3.在过去，女性科学家在职业生涯中经常面临更大的挑战。 In the past, often faced greater challenges in their careers. 4.掌握一门外语需要多年时间。 It takes years to a foreign language. 四、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Maria is a (science)who studies environmental issues.Last year,her research on climate change was (publish)in a famous journal,winning wide (approve)from experts.She believes that reducing social (equal)is crucial for global development. During her career,Maria has faced many challenges.As a(female)researcher,she once encountered (fair)treatment,but her (passionate)for science kept her going.She earned her (doctorate)in 2018 and now leads a team to develop (advance)technologies for environmental protection. 参考答案 I.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.scientific 2.approval 3.inequality 4.unfair 5.crucial 6.evidence Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.publish 2.doctorate 3.passion 4.assign 5.clarify 6.advanced II.完成句子 1.scientific methods 2.published 3.female scientists 4.master 选择性必修第二册沪外版 【词汇精讲】 Unit 1 Scientists B部分 V.语篇填空 1.scientist 2.published 3.approval 4.inequality 5.female 6.unfair 7.passion 8. doctorate 9.advanced 6