Unit 4 Words B部分-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇变形及词缀精讲选择性必修第三册（沪外版）

高中选择性必修第三册沪外版 【寒假专版】 ，E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 寒假专版 【Unit4】Words B部分 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 belongings /bI'lp则四z/n.个人物decent/'di:snt/adj.得体的：体 good-temper god 'tempa/n. 品：财物 面的：相当好的 脾气 banjo/'baend3au/n.班卓琴 cosy'kazi/adj.温暖舒适的：block /blpk/v.堵塞；阻塞 miser able/'mizrabl/adj.痛苦的；惬意的 turn sb.dowm无音标短语拒绝 悲惨的：难受的 selfish/'self/adj.自私的：利己某人 voyage /'voud/n.航行：航海：的 cupboard/'kAbad/n.橱柜；壁橱 航天 bad-temper /,baed 'tempa/n. nay/'nevi/n.海军 脾气 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.miserable/'mizrabl/adj.痛苦的；悲惨的：难受的 词汇变形 名词形式：misery(痛苦：悲惨) 构词解析 前缀mis-:表“错误；坏：否定”；后缀-able构成形容词，此处变体为ible,表“可…的：具有 …性质的”。 同类词：comfortable(舒适的)、terrible(可怕的) 例句：The homeless man lived a miserable life in the cold winter. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习）：After losing his job and family,he fell into deep (miserable).(答案：misery) 2.selfish/'selfi[adj.自私的：利己的 词汇变形 名词形式：selfishness(自私) 反义词：selfless（无私的) 构词解析 词根slf（自己)+后缀-ish:加在名词后构成形容词，表“具有…性质的：…似的”；-ness构 成名词，表“性质”；否定前缀un-构成反义词selfless。 同类词：childish(孩子气的)、foolish(愚蠢的) 高中选择性必修第三册沪外版 【寒假专版】 ,E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 例句：It's selfish of him to take all the cookies without sharing 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第三册教材例句）：True friendship requires us to be selfless rather than (selfish). 3.decent/di:snt/adj.得体的：体面的：相当好的 词汇变形 副词形式：decently 名词形式：decency(得体；体面) 构词解析 前缀de-:表“完全；加强”；后缀-ent构成形容词；y构成副词；-ency构成名词。 例句：She always dresses decently for important occasions 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习）：He earns a (decent)salary to support his family. 4.voyage'vond3/n.航行；航海：航天 词汇变形 动词形式：voyage(航行；旅行) 构词解析 词根voy(路：旅行)+后缀-age:构成名词，表“动作；过程；结果”，也可转化为动词。 同类词：marriage(婚姻)、passage（通道；段落) 例句：Magellan's voyage around the world proved the earth is round. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习）：They plan to】 (voyage)across the Pacific Ocean next year.(答案：voyage) 5.nay/'nervi/n.海军 词汇变形 形容词形式：naval(海军的) 构词解析 词根nav(船：航行)+后缀-y:构成名词：-al构成形容词，表“…的”。 同类词：amy(陆军)→martial（军事的)、air force(空军)→aerial(航空的) 例句：His father served in the navy for20 years. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第三册教材例句)：The(avy)ships are docked at the harbor for maintenance. 6.block /blpk/v.堵塞；阻塞n.街区：块 词汇变形 名词形式：blockage(堵塞物：堵塞) 构词解析 动词block+后缀-age:构成名词，表“动作的结果；状态”。 例句：The fallen tree blocked the road for hours 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习）：The pipe was blocked by dirt,.and we had to remove the (block)immediately..(答案：blockage) 2 高中选择性必修第三册沪外版 【寒假专版】 ，E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 7.belongings /br'lD则四z/n.个人物品；财物 词汇变形 动词形式：belong(属于) 构词解析 动词belong（属于)+后缀-ing+复数后缀-s:以-ing构成动名词，此处特指“归属个人的物品”， 常用复数形式。 固定搭配：belong to(属于) 例句：Please take care of your belongings in the library. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习）：These books.(belong)to the school library, not to individuals 8.coy/kUzi/adj.温暖舒适的：惬意的 词汇变形 副词形式：cosily 比较级：cosier 最高级：cosiest 构词解析 后缀y:加在名词后构成形容词，表“多…的：有…性质的”：y构成副词：辅音字母+y变 比较级/最高级时改y为i加-erl-est。 同类词：sunny(晴朗的)、cloudy（多云的) 例句：We sat cosily by the fire on a cold night.. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第三册教材例句）：The small cabin in the woods feels _(cosy) in winter. 9.bad-temper/bed'temp3/n.坏脾气 词汇变形 形容词形式：bad-tempered(脾气坏的) 反义词：good-tempered(脾气好的) 构词解析 复合词：bad(坏的)+temper(脾气)：-ed后缀构成形容词，表“具有…特征的”。 例句：His bad-temper often causes arguments with others. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习）：She is always (good-temper)even when things go wrong 10.cupboard/'kbad/n.橱柜：壁橱 词汇变形 拆分构词：cup(杯子)+boad(板子)→存放杯子的板子→橱柜 同类复合词：bookcase(书柜)、wardrobe(衣柜) 例句：The plates and bowls are stored in the kitchen cupboard. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习）：She took a clean towel from the (cupboard) and dried her hands. 3 高中选择性必修第三册沪外版 【寒假专版】E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 综合训练 一、 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.The soldiers are training hard to protect the country's_ (海军)bases. 7.After the storm,the road was blocked by a fallen tree,causing a serious (堵塞). 8.Please keep your(个人物品)safe when taking the subway.. 9.The small village has a (温暖舒适的)atmosphere in winter.. 10.His (坏脾气)makes it hard for others to get along with him 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The old couple lived a(miserable)life before they received help from the community. 2.It's (selfish)of you to eat all the snacks without sharing with your sister. 3.She always behaves_(decent)at formal parties. 4.They decided to(voyage)to the South Pole to explore the unknown area 5.The(navy)officer gave a speech about sea safety to the students. 6.The heavy rain caused a(block)in the drainpipe. 7.These books (belong)to the school library,so you must return them on time. 8.The children sat(cosy)around the fireplace,listening to their grandmother's stories. 9.Being (selfish)is an important quality for a good leader. 10.We need to maintain(decency)in public places. 三、完成句子（每空一词） 1.他失业后陷入了深深的痛苦之中。 He fell into deep after losing his job. 2.真正的友谊需要我们无私而不是自私。 True friendship requires us to be rather than 3.她收入一份相当好的薪水来养家糊口。 She earns a salary to support her family. 高中选择性必修第三册沪外版 【寒假专版】 ，E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 4.麦哲伦的环球航行证明了地球是圆的。 Magellan's around the world proved the earth is round. 5.请保管好你的个人物品，以防丢失。 Please take care of your to avoid losing them. 6.他父亲在海军服役了20年。 His father served in the for 20 years. 四、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Last year,I went on a_(voyage)with my family.We packed our (belong)and set off. On the ship,there was a small room that felt very(cosy).One day,the ship's pipe was blocked by something,and the(block)caused some problems.The(navy)officers on the ship quickly fixed it.During the trip,we met an old man.He told us about his(miserable)past, but he was never (selfish).He always helped others and behaved (decent).His stories taught us the importance of kindness and (decency).We had a great time and learned a lot from this journey. 参考答案 I根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.naval 7.blockage 8.belongings 9.cosy 10.bad-temper Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.miserable 2.selfish 3.decently 4.voyage 5.naval 6.blockage 7.belong 8.cosily 9.selfless 10.decency I.完成句子 1.misery 2.selfless;selfish 3.decent 4.voyage 5.belongings 6.navy V.语篇填空 voyage;belongings;cosy,blockage;naval;miserable;selfish;decently,decency J