Unit 2 Things that matter A部分-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇变形及词缀精讲选择性必修第三册（沪外版）

选择性必修第三册沪外版 【Unit2】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 词汇精讲 【Unit2】Things that matter A部分 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 cherish /tferif v.珍爱：钟爱：爱 crawl /kro:Vv.爬；爬行：匍匐underestimate/,nderestimert/.v. 护 行进 低估：对…估计不足 gesture /d3est/n.(表明感情tear/ta/n.眼泪：泪珠；泪水 clear one's throat无音标短语 或意图的)姿态，表示；手势；stack /staek/n.(通常指码放整清喉咙；清嗓子 姿势；示意动作 齐的)一叠，一摞，一堆 drop out无音标短语退学；退出 freshman /frefman/n.(美式)nuscle /mAsal/n.肌肉：肌 clean out无音标短语把…打 高/初中一年级学生：（尤美式）sibling/sbl四/n.兄：弟；姐；妹扫干净 大一新生 disbelief/.drsbli:fn.不信；怀help...out无音标短语帮助… bunch /bAnt/n.(非正式，尤美疑 摆脱困境（或解决问题） 式)大量；大批：串：束：扎gas即gasp/n.(尤指由于惊讶 sadness/saednis/n.悲伤：悲痛；或疼痛而)喘气，喘息，倒抽气 难过 depth/dep0/n.深厚 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.sadness/saednIs/n.悲伤：悲痛；难过 形容词形式：sad 副词形式：sady 构词解析：后缀-ness:加在形容词后，构成抽象名词，表”性质、状态”。 同类词：happiness(幸福)、kindness(善良) 例句：The news filled her with sadness. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习）：Her(sad)was obvious when she heard the bad news.(答案：sadness) 2.disbelief/.disbrli:f/n.不信：怀疑 动词形式：believe 反义词：belief(相信，名词) 构词解析：前缀dis-:表”否定、相反；后缀-belief为名词词根”相信，加dis-后表示”不相信”。 同类词：dislike(不喜欢)、disagree(不同意) 选择性必修第三册沪外版 【Unit2】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 例句：She stared at him in disbelief. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第三册教材例句）：He shook his head in disbelief at the story. 3.underestimate/,ndarestimert/v.低估：对…估计不足 反义词：overestimate（高估，v.) 名词形式：underestimation 构词解析：前缀under-:表”低于、不足”；estimate(估计，v.h.)为词根，加under-后表示”估计 不足。 同类词：underdeveloped(欠发达的)、underweight(体重不足的) 例句：We should not underestimate the difficulty of the task. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习）：Don't_(estimate)his ability-he is much smarter than you think.(答案：underestimate) 4.freshman /frefman/n.(美式)高/初中一年级学生：（尤美式）大一新生 复数形式：freshmen 构词解析：前缀fresh-:表”新的”；后缀-man:表”人”，合意为”新入学的人”。 同类词：salesman(推销员)、postman(邮递员) 例句：As a freshman,she was nervous about her first day at college. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第三册教材例句）：The freshmen are taking part in an orientation program this week. 5.helpful/.'helpfl/adj.乐于助人的；有用的 动词形式：help 副词形式：helpfully 反义词：helpless(无助的) 构词解析：后缀fl:加在动词后，构成形容词，表”充满…的；具有…性质的”：lss表”无 …的”（反义后缀)。 例句：It's helpful to take notes during class. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习）：The teacher gave us some (help)advice on how to improve our writing.(答案：helpful) 6.tear /t1a/n.眼泪：泪珠：泪水 动词形式：tear(te3/,撕裂) 固定搭配：in tears(流泪：哭泣) 构词解析：多义词：作名词时表眼泪”，作动词(/)时表”撕裂'，词形相同但发音和含义不同。 例句：Tears ran down her face when she heard the sad news. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习）：She couldn't stop_(tear)while watching the moving movie.（答案：tears) 7.muscle/mAsal/n.肌肉：肌 形容词形式：muscular(肌肉发达的) 构词解析：后缀-culr:加在名词后，构成形容词，表”与…有关的：具有…特征的”。 选择性必修第三册沪外版 【Unit2】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 同类词：circular(圆形的)、molecular(分子的) 例句：Regular exercise can strengthen your muscles. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第三册教材例句)：He has a muscular body from years of weight training. 8.depth/dep/n.深厚 形容词形式：deep 副词形式：deeply 构词解析：后缀-h:加在形容词后，构成抽象名词，表”性质、状态或程度”。 同类词：length（长度)、width(宽度) 例句：The depth of their friendship surprised everyone.. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习）：We were impressed by the(deep)of her knowledge..(答案：depth) 9.gesture/d3est/n.(表明感情或意图的)姿态，表示；手势：姿势：示意动作 动词形式：gesture(做手势；用动作示意) 构词解析：词根gest-:表”行动、做”，后缀-ure:构成名词，表”行为、结果”。 例句：She made a gesture of peace with her hands. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第三册教材例句）：He gestured for us to follow him into the room. 10.stack/stk/n.(通常指码放整齐的)一叠，一摞，一堆 动词形式：stack(把…叠成堆：堆放) 构词解析：名词与动词同形，表”堆叠”的动作或结果。 例句：There was a stack of books on the desk. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习)：He(stack)the boxes in the corner of the room.(答案：stacked) 11.sibling/sbl/n.兄；弟：姐；妹 复数形式：siblings 构词解析：词根sib-:表”亲属”，后缀-ling:表”小的人或物”，合意为”亲属中的同辈人”。 例句：She has three siblings:two brothers and one sister. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第三册教材例句）：Siblings often have a strong bond from childhood. 12.crawl /kro:/v.爬；爬行；匍匐行进 名词形式：crawl(爬行：缓慢移动) 构词解析：动词与名词同形，表”爬行”的动作或状态。 例句：The baby learned to crawl before she could walk. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习）：The snake_(ctaw)slowly across the grass. (答案：crawled) 13.bunch /bant/n.(非正式，尤美式)大量：大批：串；束；扎 动词形式：bunch(聚集；捆扎) 3 选择性必修第三册沪外版 【Unit2】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 固定搭配：a bunch of(一束；一群：一堆) 例句：She bought a bunch of flowers for her mother. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习）：He picked a_(bunch)of grapes from the vine.(答案：bunch) 14.gasp/ga:sp/n.(尤指由于惊讶或疼痛而)喘气，喘息，倒抽气 动词形式：gas即（喘气：倒抽气） 构词解析：名词与动词同形，表”喘气”的动作或声音。 例句：She let out a gasp of surprise when she saw the gift. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第三册教材例句）：He gasped for air after running up the stairs. 综合训练 一、 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The little girl couldn't hide her (when her pet dog passed away. 2.He looked at the impossible task in (不信)，shaking his head slowly. 3.You should never (the power of teamwork in solving problems. 4.Asa (大一新生)，she struggled to balance study and social life at first. 5.Her (乐于助人的)nature made her popular among classmates. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The (muscle)man lifted the heavy box with ease.(muscle) 2.The (deep)of the ocean remains a mystery to many scientists.(deep) 3.She made a(gesture)to ask us to keep quiet during the meeting.(gesture) 4.The workers(stack)the bricks neatly against the wall yesterday.(stack) 5.The baby (crawl)towards the colorful toy on the floor just now.(crawl) 三、完成句子（每空一词) 1.她听到这个消息时，眼泪夺眶而出。 She couldn't hold back her when she heard the news. 2.他因长时间跑步而气喘吁吁。 He air after running for an hour. 4 选择性必修第三册沪外版 【Unit2】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 3.这束花是他特意为母亲买的。 He bought a flowers for his mother specially 4.兄妹们从小就建立了深厚的感情。 developed a strong bond from childhood. 四、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Freshmen at high school often face challenges.Lily,a new student,felt a mix of excitement and (sad)on her first day-excited to make friends,but sad to leave her old school.When her teacher asked her to introduce herself,she(gasp)nervously and forgot her words.Some classmates laughed,but a(help)girl named Lucy encouraged her with a smile. Later,Lucy explained that everyone feels shy at first."Don't(estimate)yourself,"she said. "You'll get used to it!"Inspired,Lily joined the drama club.During practice,she learned to (gesture)confidently and even played a leading role.On the performance day,her parents watched with pride.Lily realized that courage and friendship can turn challenges into opportunities. 参考答案 I.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.sadness 7.disbelief 8.underestimate 9.freshman 10.helpful L用所给单词的适当形式填空 6.muscular 7.depth 8.gesture 9.stacked 10.crawled I.完成句子 1.tears 2.gasped for 3.bunch of 4.Siblings V.语篇填空 sadness gasped helpful underestimate gesture