Unit 4 Adversity and Courage-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇变形及词缀精讲选择性必修第三册（沪外版）

高中选择性必修第三册沪外版 【词汇精讲】A版词汇变形及词缀精讲 词汇精讲 【Unit4】Adversity and Courage 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 adversity/ad'v3sati/n.逆境：厄式拼写为igor) 船等的)乘务员：服务员 运：困境 qualified/'kwDlifard/adj..合格eny/'envi/v.&n.羡慕；妒忌 wage /weid3/v.开展；进行（运的；有资格的 crush /kraf/v.压碎：压坏：使 动、斗争等) enthusiastic/n,0ju:zi'aestik/adj.变形 bitter /'bita/adj.艰苦的：难熬热情的：热心的；满腔热忱的sink/s四k/v.下沉；沉没：下陷 的：味苦的 aboard'b:dadv.&prep.在（过去式sank,过去分词sunk) expedition/,eksp3'dn/n.探险；（船、飞机、火车等）上；上（船、abandon/'baendan/v.抛弃；遗 考察；远征 飞机、火车等) 弃：放弃 endurance /in'djvarans/n.忍耐assign'sam/V.分配；分派：指stove/stav/n.炉子；火炉 力：耐久力 派 blanket/'blaenkit/n.毯子；毛毯 vigour/'vIga/n.精力；活力（美steward/'stju:adWn.(飞机、轮 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.adversity /ad'v3:sati/n.逆境：厄运；困境 形容词形式：adverse(不利的：有害的) 构词解析：前缀ad-:表”加强”；词根vers-:表”转向”：后缀-ity:加在形容词后，构成抽象名词， 表”性质、状态”。 同类词：diversity（多样性)←-diverse（多样的)、curiosity（好奇心)←-curious(好奇的) 例句：Facing adversity bravely can build a person's character. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习）：The team showed great courage in the face of (adverse)conditions.(答案：adverse) 2.qualified/kwDlrfaid/adj.合格的：有资格的 动词形式：qualify(使)具有资格：达标) 名词形式：qualification(资格；学历) 构词解析：前缀qual-:表”性质、特征”：后缀fy构成动词，表”使…化”；-ed:构成形容词， 表”已完成的状态”；-cation:构成名词，表”动作或结果”。 例句：Only qualified teachers can teach in this school. 1 高中选择性必修第三册沪外版 【词汇精讲】A版词汇变形及词缀精讲 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第三册教材例句）：She qualified as a doctor last year after years of hard work. 3.enthusiastic/m,0ju:zi'aestik/adj.热情的；热心的 名词形式：enthusiasm(热情：热忱) 动词形式：enthuse（对…充满热情) 构词解析：前缀en-:表”使…进入状态”；词根husi-(源自希腊语theos”神')：后缀-astic:构 成形容词，表”具有…性质的”；-asm:构成名词，表”状态、性质”。 同类词：fantastic(极好的)、realistic(现实的) 例句：The students are enthusiastic about the upcoming science fair. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习）：Her (enthusiastic)for music made her practice the piano every day.(答案：enthusiasm) 4.assign/A'sam/V.分配；分派：指派 名词形式：assignment(任务：作业) 形容词形式：assigned(指定的；已分配的) 构词解析：前缀as-:表”加强”；词根sign-:表”标记；指示”；后缀-ment:构成名词，表”动作的 结果或过程”；-ed:构成形容词。 例句：The teacher will assign a new project to each group. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第三册教材例句)：Please finish the assignment before the deadline. 5.abandon/A'baendan/v.抛弃；遗弃；放弃 名词形式：abandonment(抛弃；放弃) 形容词形式：abandoned(被遗弃的；废弃的) 构词解析：前缀a-:表”离开”；词根bandon-:表”控制：权力”（源自拉丁语bannum”命令”）；后 缀-ment:构成名词：-ed:构成形容词。 例句：They had to abandon the expedition due to bad weather. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习）：The」 (abandon)house was overgrown with weeds.(答案：abandoned) 6.bitter/'bt/adj.艰苦的；难熬的：味苦的 副词形式：bitterly(痛苦地；激烈地) 名词形式：bitterness(苦味：痛苦) 构词解析：后缀-y:构成副词；nss:加在形容词后，构成名词，表”性质、状态”。 例句：The bitter cold made it hard to go outside, 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习）：He smiled (bitter)when he heard the news. (答案：bitterly) 7.endurance/m'djvarans/n.忍耐力：耐久力 动词形式：endure（忍耐：忍受) 形容词形式：endurable(可忍受的) 构词解析：前缀en-:表”使…进入状态”；词根dr-:表”持续；持久”（如durable'”耐用的”）；后 高中选择性必修第三册沪外版 【词汇精讲】 A版词汇变形及词缀精讲 缀-nce:构成名词，表”性质、状态”；-able:构成形容词，表”可…的”。 例句：Long-distance running requires great endurance. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第三册教材例句）：She can't endure the pain any longer. 8.wage /weid3/v.开展；进行（运动、斗争等） 名词形式：wage(工资；报酬) 构词解析：多词性词：作动词时表”进行”，作名词时表”工资”，无明显前后缀，需通过语境区分词 性。 例句：The workers decided to wage a struggle for better conditions. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习）：The company announced a 10%increase in (wage)this year.(答案：wages) 9.sink/sk/v.下沉：沉没：下陷（过去式sank,过去分词sunk) 名词形式：sink(水槽：洗涤池) 构词解析：多词性词：作动词时表”下沉”，作名词时表”水槽’，无明显前后缀，需通过语境区分词 性。 例句：The ship sank to the bottom of the ocean. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第三册教材例句）：She washed the dishes in the kitchen sink. l0.eny/'envi/v.&n.羡慕：妒忌 形容词形式：envious(羡慕的：妒忌的) 构词解析：后缀-0us:加在名词后，构成形容词，表”具有…性质的”。 同类词：dangerous(危险的)、anxious（焦虑的) 例句：He couldn't hide his envy when he saw his friend's new car.. 综合训练 一、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.The team's success was achieved through hard work and strong一（忍耐力） 7.She has the necessary一（资格）to apply for the job. 8.The()of the project disappointed many people. 9.His_()for learning new things inspired his classmates. 10.The()he faced in childhood made him stronger. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 6.Only_(qualify)professionals can handle this equipment. 高中选择性必修第三册沪外版 【词汇精讲】A版词汇变形及词缀精讲 7.The teacher will_(assign)a new task to each student tomorrow. 8.They had no choice but_(abandon)the burning building. 9.She spoke(bitter)about her experience in the company. 10.The long journey tested their(endure)to the limit. 三、完成句子（每空一词) 5.面对困难，他从未放弃过自己的梦想。 Facing_,he never gave up his dream. 6.这位护士有资格照顾重病患者。 The nurse is_to take care of seriously ill patients. 7.他对科学研究的热情使他成为一名优秀的科学家。 His_for scientific research made him an excellent scientist. 8.这家工厂因经济危机被迫放弃了扩张计划。 The factory was forced to_its expansion plan due to the economic crisis. 四、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Life is full of challenges.When we face(adverse)situations,it's easy to feel discouraged.How- ever,those who can(endure)hardships often achieve success.Take Maria,a_(qualify)engineer, for example.She once had to_(abandon)her project due to funding issues.Instead of losing hope, she showed great_(enthusiastic)and continued to work on it alone.Her_(persist)paid off when a company decided to support her.Now,her invention helps many people.Maria often says," (bitter)experiences are like exercises for the soul-they build(endurance)and strength." 参考答案 I.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.endurance 7.qualification 8.abandonment 9.enthusiasm 10.adversity 工.用所给单词的适当形式填空 6.qualified 7.assign 8.to abandon 9.bitterly 10.endurance 4 高中选择性必修第三册沪外版 【词汇精讲】A版词汇变形及词缀精讲 III.完成句子 5.adversity 6.qualified 7.enthusiasm 8.abandon V,语篇填空 1.adverse 2.endure 3.qualified 4.abandon 5.enthusiasm 6.persistence 7.Bitter 8.endurance 5