Unit 2 Live longer live better 一-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇变形及词缀精讲选择性必修第四册（沪教版）

高中沪教版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第四册 词汇精讲 【Unit2】Live longer,live better? 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 corporation /kop3'ren/n.mere/ma(r)/adj.仅仅的；只不opponent/3 paunant/,n.反对者 (大)公司 过 mechanics /ma'kaeniks/n.力学 script/krpt/n.剧本；电影剧purely/'pjuali/adv.仅仅；完全condemn /kan'dem/v.宣判；判 本：广播（或讲话等）稿 pose /p9Uz/V.造成（威胁、问题处：迫使…接受（困境） frontier/frantia()/n.(学科或等)：引起；产生 client/'klarant/n.委托人；当事 活动的)尖端，边缘；国界；边criminal/'krimml/n.罪犯 人 界；边境 severe/sI'vIa)/adj.极为恶劣shrug /frag/v.耸肩（表示不在 entrepreneur/.ontrapr3'n3:/n.的；十分严重的 乎或不知道) 创业者：企业家 career /k3'rIa(r)/n.职业：生涯sustain/sa'stem/V.维持（生命、 immortality/.m3:'talati/n.永resistance /rI'zIstans/n.反对：抵生存) 生：不朽：不灭 抗：抗拒 propose /pra'pauz/v.提议；建 transplant/traens'pla:nt/v.移植dynamic/da'nemk/adj.发展议 (器官、皮肤等) 变化的：充满活力且个性鲜明drill/dl/n.练习：训练 fundamentally fanda'mentali/ adv.根本上：完全地 gender/'d3end()/n.性别 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.corporation/kp3'reIn/n.(大)公司 动词形式：corporate(v.组建公司；adj.公司的) 构词解析：前缀corpor--:来自拉丁语“corpus'”（身体)，表“团体、共同”；后缀-ation:构成名词， 表“动作或状态的结果”。 同类词：organization(组织)、education(教育) 例句：The corporation plans to expand its business into Asia next year. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修四同步练习）：This new policy will have a great impact on both small businesses and large_(corporate)).(答案：corporations) 2.entrepreneur/,ontrapra'n3:(r)/n.创业者；企y业家 形容词形式：entrepreneurial(企业家的：创业的) 构词解析：前缀ente-:表“在…之间”；后缀-eur:法语后缀，表“从事…的人”，对应英语 1 高中沪教版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第四册 中的-er/-or。 The young entrepreneur founded her first tech company at the age of 25. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修四阅读填空）：His__(entrepreneur)spirit led him to take risks and innovate in the industry..(答案：entrepreneurial) 3.transplant /traens'pla:nt/v.移植（器官、皮肤等） 名词形式：transplantation(移植手术；移植过程) 构词解析：前缀rans-:表“跨越、转移”；词根plant::表“种植”，合意为“转移并植入”。 The doctor successfully transplanted a kidney from the donor to the patient. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修四单元测试）：Advances in medical technology have made organ (transplant)more common and successful.(答案：transplantation) 4.criminal/'krimmnl/n.罪犯；adj.犯罪的 名词形式：crime(罪行) 副词形式：criminally(犯罪地；刑法上) 构词解析：词根crimin-:表“罪行”；后缀-al:构成名词（表“人或物”）或形容词（表“有关… 的”)。 The police are searching for the criminal who escaped from prison last night. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修四语法填空）：It is illegal to possess」 (crime)tools such as guns without permission.(（答案：criminal) 5.condemn/ken'dem/v.宣判；判处；迫使…接受（困境） 名词形式：condemnation(谴责；宣判) 构词解析：前缀con-:表“加强”；词根d©mn-:表“伤害、惩罚”，合意为“强烈指责或惩罚”。 例句：The court condemned the thief to three years in prison. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修四阅读理解）：The public's _(condemn)of the corruption scandal led to stricter laws.(答案：condemnation) 6.dynamic/dar'nemk/adj.发展变化的：充满活力的 名词形式：dynamics(动力学；动态) 构词解析：词根dynam-:表“力量”；后缀-ic:构成形容词，表“具有…特性的”。 The dynamic economy of the city attracts young people from all over the country. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修四完形填空）：Understanding the__(dynamic)of team collabo- ration is key to project success.(答案：dynamics) 7.propose /pra3'pz/V.提议；建议 名词形式：proposal(提议；提案) 形容词形式：proposed(被提议的) 构词解析：前缀pro-:表“向前、提出”词根p0se-:表“放置”，合意为“向前提出（想法）”。 例句：She proposed a new plan to solve the environmental problem. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修四写作任务）：Please write a letter to the school council to support or oppose the__(propose)new library rules..(答案：proposed) 高中沪教版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第四册 8.resistance/rI'zistaons/n.反对；抵抗：抗拒 动词形式：resist(抵抗：抵制) 形容词形式：resistant(抵抗的：有抵抗力的) 构词解析：前缀re-:表“反对、回”；词根sist-:表“站立”，合意为“站在对立面”；后缀-ance: 构成名词。 The local people put up strong resistance against the construction of the factory. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修四词汇填空）：Some bacteria have become__(resist)to antibiotics, making treatment more difficult.(答案：resistant) 9.opponent/A'paunant//n.反对者：对手 动词形式：oppose(反对；与…对抗) 形容词形式：opposed(反对的；相反的) 构词解析：前缀op-:表“相反”；词根pon-:表“放置”，合意为“放在对立面”；后缀-nt:构成 名词，表“人”。 例句：The candidate debated with her opponent on live television. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修四阅读理解）：Many citizens _(opponent)the new tax policy, arguing it would harm low-income families.(答案：opposed) l0.fundamental/,fnda'nentl/adj.根本的；基础的 副词形式：fundamentally(根本上；完全地) 名词形式：fundament(基础；根本) 构词解析：词根fnd-:表“底部、基础”；后缀-mental:构成形容词，表“与…有关的”。 例句：A good education is fundamental to a child's development. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修四语法填空）：The two theories differ(fundamental)in their approach to solving the problem.(答案：fundamentally) ll.mechanic /m3'kaenik/n.机械师 名词形式：mechanics(力学；机械学) 形容词形式：mechanical(机械的：力学的) 构词解析：词根nechan-.:表“机器”；后缀-ic:构成名词（表“人”）或形容词：-ics:表“学科”。 例句：The mechanic repaired my car's engine in less than an hour. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修四单元测试）：(mechanic)is the branch of physics that studies motion and force.(答案：Mechanics) 12.sustain/sa'stem/v.维持（生命、生存） 名词形式：sustainability（可持续性) 形容词形式：sustainable(可持续的：能维持的) 构词解析：前缀sus-:表“在下面：支持”：词根tain-:表“保持”，合意为“从下方支持以保持”。 We need to find ways to sustain our natural resources for future generations. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修四阅读理解）：The company is committed to (sustain)devel- opment by reducing carbon emissions.(答案：sustainable) 3 高中沪教版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第四册 综合训练 一、 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.The government encourages young people to start their own businesses and supports (创业 者)with financial aid 7.The (of the new technology has greatly improved the company's production efficiency. 8.The (was finally caught after a three-day manhunt by the police. 9.The public's (of the illegal logging has put pressure on the local authorities. 10.The (of the machine needs to be checked regularly to ensure safe operation. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 6.The company's(propose)to build a new factory was approved by the board of directors 7.Some plants are highly (resist)to extreme weather conditions. 8.The (dynamic)of the market requires businesses to adapt quickly to changes. 9.The (sustain)use of natural resources is essential for future generations. 10.Her (entrepreneur)skills helped her turn a small shop into a successful chain 三、完成句子（每空一词) 5.这家大公司计划明年在欧洲拓展业务。 The large】 plans to expand its business in Europe next year. 6.医生成功地给病人移植了一颗心脏。 The doctor successfullya heart to the patient 7.理解团队合作的动态对项目成功至关重要。 Understanding theof team collaboration is key to project success. 8.新政策将对小企业和大公司都产生重大影响。 The new policy will have a great impact on both small businesses and large 四、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 4 高中沪教版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第四册 A young (entrepreneur)named Lisa founded a tech startup last year.Her company focuses on developing (sustain)energy solutions.At first,she faced strong (resist)from traditional energy companies,who opposed her innovative ideas.However,Lisa's (dynamic)leadership and _(propose)for green technology gradually won support. Last month,her company signed a deal with a large(corporation)to promote solar power. During the negotiation,Lisa had to (oppose)some unfair terms,but her (criminal)free record and professional attitude helped build trust.Now,her team is working on a new project in- volving the _(transplant)of AI technology into energy management systems.Lisa believes that (fundamental)changes in the industry are necessary to address climate change. 参考答案 I.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.entrepreneurs 7.transplant 8.criminal 9.condemnation 10.mechanics Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空 6.proposal 7.resistant 8.dynamics 9.sustainable 10.entrepreneurial L完成句子 5.corporation 6.transplanted 7.dynamics 8.corporations V.语篇填空 1.entrepreneur 2.sustainable 3.resistance 4.dynamic 5.proposal 6.corporation 7.oppose 8.criminal 9.transplantation 10.fundamentally 5