Unit 2 Live longer live better 二-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇变形及词缀精讲选择性必修第四册（沪教版）

高中沪教版 【选择性必修第四册】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 词汇精讲 【Unit2】Live longer,.live better?二 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 dismiss/ds'mis/v.不予考虑；破；爆裂 *magnificent /maeg'nifisnt/adj. 摒弃；对…不屑一顾 choke水Jv.(尤指感情激动壮丽的：宏伟的 urgent/'3:dant/adj.紧急的：紧而)说不出话来：使哽咽；（使）*ulnerable/'VAInarabl/adj.(身 迫的 室息，噎着 体上或感情上)脆弱的，易受 resign'zam/v.辞职：辞去（某debt/det/n.债（务）；欠（账）：…伤害的 职务) 借款：欠款：债务 infection/In'fekn/n.感染；传 sneeze/sni:z/v.打喷嚏 architect/广:kItekt/n.建筑师 染病：传染；感染 sink/smkV.(sank,sunk下沉；forgive/fa'gIv/v.(forgave,.for-*alert/A'l3t/adj.警惕的：有警 下陷：沉没 given)原谅；宽恕 觉的：戒备的 *smash /smae/v.打碎；破碎 tension/'tenn/n.紧张局势（或bearded/'biadid/adj.留胡须的： owe/v.归因于；归功于：起关系、状况) 有胡须的 源于 *deterioration/dr traria'reun/n.bend /bend/v.(bent,bent)拐弯： drown/dran/V.淹死：溺死 变坏；恶化：退化 弯曲：（使）倾斜，偏向 *miraculously /mI'raekj3 lasli/harmony/ha:mani/n.融洽；和*sigh/sav.m.叹气：叹息 adv.奇迹般地：不可思议地 睦 hence /hens/adv.因此 explode /ik'splaud/v.爆炸；爆glow/gla/n.暗淡的光 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.urgent/'3:dnt/adj.紧急的：紧迫的 名词形式：urgency 副词形式：rgently 构词解析：后缀-ent:构成形容词；-ency是对应的名词后缀：-ly构成副词。 The doctor said it was an urgent case and needed immediate treatment. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修四同步练习）：The manager called an一(urgent)meeting to discuss the problem.(答案：urgent) 2.architect/'a:kItekt//n.建筑师 名词形式（学科）：architecture(建筑学) 构词解析：后缀-tect:表“建造者”；前缀archi-:表“主要的”；-ure构成抽象名词，表“学科、行 1 高中沪教版 【选择性必修第四册】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 为”。 同类词：technology(技术)←-technologist(技术专家) 例句：The famous architect designed the new art museum in our city.. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修四教材例句）：Gothic architecture is known for its tall spires and pointed arches. 3.infection/m'fekn/n.感染：传染病 动词形式：infect 形容词形式：infectious(传染的) 构词解析：前缀in-:表“进入”；词根fect:表“做”；后缀-ion构成名词；ious构成形容词。 例句：The wound got an infection because it wasn't cleaned properly.. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修四同步练习）：Washing hands regularly can help prevent the (infect)of diseases.(答案：infection) 4.aert/l3t/adj.警惕的；有警觉的 名词形式：alet(警报) 动词形式：alet(提醒) 构词解析：词根t:表“警惕”；后缀-able隐含“可…的”含义（此处简化为形容词后缀）。 固定搭配：be alert to(对…警惕) 例句：Drivers must stay alert when driving at night. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修四教材例句）：The soldiers were on high alert during the emergency.. 5.magnificent /maeg'nifisnt/ad.壮丽的；宏伟的 名词形式：magnificence 构词解析：前缀nagn-:表“大的、宏伟的”；后缀-ent构成形容词；-ence构成名词。 同类词：important(重要的)←一importance(重要性) 例句：The view from the top of the mountain is magnificent.. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修四同步练习）：The palace was decorated in a.一(magnificence)style with gold and jewels.(答案：magnificent) 6.ulnerable'VAInarabl/adj.脆弱的：易受伤害的 名词形式：ulnerability 构词解析：词根ulner:表“伤口”；后缀-able:构成形容词，表“易…的”；ity构成名词。 例句：Young children are more vulnerable to illnesses than adults. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修四教材例句）：The ecosystem in this area is very vulnerable to human activities 7.deterioration/d,traria'ren/n.变坏；恶化 动词形式：deteriorate 形容词形式：deteriorated(恶化的) 构词解析：前缀de-:表“向下、变坏”；词根terior:表“状态”；后缀-ation构成名词；-ate构成动 词。 2 高中沪教版 【选择性必修第四册】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 例句：The deterioration of his health made him quit his job. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修四同步练习）：Lack of exercise can lead to the一(deteriorate)of physical fitness.(答案：deterioration) 8.harmony/'ha:mani/n.融洽：和睦 形容词形式：harmonious(和谐的) 构词解析：词根harmon::表“一致”；后缀-y构成名词：-ious构成形容词。 固定搭配：in harmony with(与…和谐相处) 例句：We should live in harmony with nature. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修四教材例句）：The harmonious relationship between the two families lasted for decades 9.resign'Zam/V.辞职；辞去（某职务) 名词形式：resignation 构词解析：前缀re-:表“再次”；词根sign:表“签字”（此处指“签字离开”"）；后缀-ation构成名 词。 例句：She decided to resign from her position as manager.. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修四同步练习）：His一(resign)surprised everyone in the company. (答案：resignation) 10.explode/k'splaud/v.爆炸；爆破 名词形式：explosion 形容词形式：explosive(易爆的) 构词解析：前缀ex-:表“向外”；词根plod:表“击打”；后缀-ion构成名词；-ive构成形容词。 例句：The bomb exploded and caused a big fire.. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修四教材例句）：The explosion was heard from miles away. 11.forgive/f'gIv/v.原谅；宽恕 名词形式：forgiveness 形容词形式：forgiving(宽容的) 构词解析：前缀for-:表“完全”；词根give:表“给予”（此处指“给予宽恕”"）：后缀-nss构成名 词：ing构成形容词。 例句：It's hard to forgive someone who has hurt you deeply. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修四同步练习)：一(forgive)is an important quality for building good relationships.(答案：Forgiveness) l2.tension/'tenm/n.紧张局势：紧张 形容词形式：tense(紧张的) 动词形式：tense(使)紧张) 构词解析：词根tens:表“拉伸”；后缀-ion构成名词；-e构成形容词/动词。 The tension between the two countries increased after the conflict. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修四教材例句）：Her face looked tense when she heard the bad news. 3 高中沪教版 【选择性必修第四册】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 综合训练 一、 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.The doctor warned us that the patient's condition was_(and required immediate care. 7.The_(建筑师)spent three years designing the new city library 8.The spread of the virus led to a serious_()in the community. 9.Hikers must stay_(警惕的)of wild animals in the mountain area. 10.The_(scenery of the Great Wall attracts millions of visitors yearly. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 6.The sudden storm caused an-(urgent)situation for the trapped climbers. 7.Learning basic_(architect)helps students understand building structures. 8.The nurse explained that proper disinfection could prevent_(infect)effectively. 9.The safety officer_(alert)everyone to the fire exit locations before the drill. 10.The _(magnificence)of the palace's architecture left tourists amazed. 三、完成句子（每空一词） 6.科学家们对环境恶化的迹象保持警惕。 Scientists are_the signs of environmental_. 7.这座建筑展现了哥特式建筑的宏伟。 This building shows the of Gothic 8.为了防止感染，医生建议勤洗手并戴口罩。 To prevent_,doctors advise washing hands frequently and wearing masks. 9.他的辞职决定源于健康状况的恶化。 His decision to-resulted from theofhis health 10.紧急情况下，保持冷静并听从指示至关重要。 In an situation,staying calm and following instructions is_ 四、语篇填空 4 高中沪教版 【选择性必修第四册】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 A historical site was facing serious damage due to lack of protection.Local experts were_(alert) to the-(deteriorate)of its ancient walls.An-(urgent)meeting was held,with-(architect)and historians discussing repair plans.They emphasized that the_(magnificence)of the site should be preserved to maintain-(harmony)between modern development and cultural heritage.Workers were_(infect)with enthusiasm after hearing the plan,and the repair work began immediately.A month later,the site reopened,and visitors praised its restored beauty. 参考答案 I.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.urgent 7.architect 8.infection 9.alert 10.magnificent I用所给单词的适当形式填空 6.urgency 7.architecture 8.infection 9.alerted 10.magnificence L.完成句子 6.alert to;deterioration 7.magnificence;architecture 8.infection 9.resign;deterioration 10.urgent;essential V.语篇填空 1.alert 2.deterioration 3.urgent 4.architects 5.magnificence 6.harmony 7. infected 5