内容正文:
高中沪教版
【选择性必修第四册】
词汇变形及词缀精讲
词汇精讲
【Unit3】Food and ethics
词汇变形及词缀精讲
全部单元单词
monitor/'mpnita()/v.监视;检市的
extract/k'straekt/V.提取;提炼
查;跟踪调查;n.班长
destruction/d'strAkfn/n.摧毁;fetch/fet∫V.售得,卖得(某
sympathy/'smpaθi/n.同情
毁灭;破坏
价):(去)拿来:(去)请来
numerous/nju:mar3s/adj.众多arouse/A'raz/V.激起,引起expansion/k'spaenfn/n.扩张:
的:许多的
(感情、态度)
扩展:扩大
cruel /kru:al/adj.引起痛苦的:miner al/'mmnaral/n.矿物:矿物cuisine /kwI'zin/n.烹饪:风味:
残酷的:冷酷的:残忍的
质
饭菜:菜肴
nest /nest/n.鸟巢;鸟窝
shortage/'f:tid3/n.不足;缺少:
rban/'3ban/adj.城镇的;城短缺
词汇变形及词缀精讲
1.numerous/'nju:mar3s/adj.众多的;许多的
动词形式:number(编号:总计)
名词形式:umber(数字;数量)
构词解析:前缀numer--:表示“数字、数量”(来源于拉丁语numerus):后缀-ous:加在名词后构
成形容词,表“具有…性质的”,故“numer+ous”意为“数量多的”。
同类词:famous(著名的)、dangerous(危险的)
例句:There are numerous books in the school library.
2.destruction/d'strAk./n/n.摧毁:毁灭:破坏
动词形式:destroy(摧毁;破坏)
形容词形式:destructive(破坏性的)
构词解析:前缀de-:表示“向下;完全”;词根struct-.:表示“建造”(如structure“结构”):后缀
-ion:构成名词,表“动作或结果”。“de+struct+-ion”意为“完全建造的反面”,即“摧毁”。
例句:The fire caused great destruction to the old building.
3.arouse /a'rauz/v.激起,引起(感情、态度)
名词形式:arousal(觉醒:激发)
构词解析:前缀a-:表示“加强”;词根rous-:表示“唤醒”(如rise“上升”,rouse“唤醒”)。“a+rouse”
1
高中沪教版
【选择性必修第四册】
词汇变形及词缀精讲
强调“唤醒、激起”的动作。
例句:The movie aroused our interest in environmental protection.
4.extract /ik'straekt//v.提取;提炼
名词形式:extraction(提取:抽出)
构词解析:前缀ex-:表示“出;向外”;词根tract-.:表示“拉、引”(如attract“吸引”,tractor“拖
拉机”)。“ex+tract”意为“向外拉”,即“提取出”。
例句:Scientists can extract oil from plants.
5.expansion/k'spaenfn/n.扩张;扩展;扩大
动词形式:expand(扩大;扩展)
形容词形式:expansive(广阔的;扩张的)
构词解析:前缀ex-:表示“向外”;词根pans-:表示“伸展”(如span“跨度”):后缀-ion:构成
名词,表“动作或过程”。“ex+pans+ion”意为“向外伸展”,即“扩张”。
例句:The company's expansion into overseas markets was successful.
6.rban/'3bn/adj.城镇的:城市的
名词形式:urbanization(城市化)
构词解析:词根urb-:表示“城市”(来源于拉丁语ubs“城市”):后缀-an:构成形容词,表“…
的”。
同类词:suburban(郊区的,sub-表“下;附属”)
例句:Urban life is very different from rural life.
7.shortage/btd/n.不足;缺少;短缺
形容词形式:shot(短的:不足的)
动词形式:shorten(缩短:减少)
构词解析:词根shot-:表示“短的:不足的”:后缀-age:构成名词,表“状态或数量”。“shot+age”
意为“不足的状态”,即“短缺”。
例句:There is a shortage of fresh water in some areas.
8.cuisine /kwI'zin/n.烹饪;风味;饭菜;菜肴
形容词形式:culinary(烹饪的:厨房的)
构词解析:词根cuis-:表示“烹饪”(来源于拉丁语coquere“煮”,如cook“烹饪”):后缀-ine:构
成名词,表“性质或类别”。
例句:Chinese cuisine is famous for its rich flavors.
9.monitor/'mpnita(r)/v.监视:检查;跟踪调查;n.班长
名词形式:monitoring(监视:监控)
构词解析:词根monit--:表示“提醒;警告”(来源于拉丁语monere“提醒”,如admonish“告诫”):
后缀-0:构成名词,表“人或物”(此处“班长”是“提醒、监督者”,动词意为“执行监督”)。
例句:The teacher asked the monitor to collect the homework.
10.sympathy/'smpθi/n.同情
高中沪教版
【选择性必修第四册】
词汇变形及词缀精讲
形容词形式:sympathetic(同情的:赞同的)
副词形式:sympathetically(同情地)
构词解析:前缀sym-:表示“共同;一起”(同sym-):词根path-:表示“感情”(如empathy“共
情”,pathetic“可怜的”):后缀-y:构成名词,表“性质或状态”。“sym+path+y”意为“共同的感
情”,即“同情”。
例句:We should show sympathy to people in trouble.
综合训练
一、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词
1.The rapid
(of the city has led to more traffic problems.
2.There is a serious
(短缺)of skilled workers in this industry.
3
(development should be balanced with environmental protection
4.The
(of minerals from the earth can cause environmental damage.
5.The movie's ending a lot of discussions among the audience.
6.The
(摧毁)caused by the earthquake was enormous.
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.The company plans to(expansion)its business into Asia next year.
2.Urban
(develop)has changed the landscape of the countryside.
3.This machine is used for (extract)juice from fruits.
4.Her (sympathetic)for the homeless inspired her to start a charity.
5.The
(destructive)storm left thousands of people without electricity.
6.
(monitor)the patients'heart rate is an important part of the nurse's job.
7.The
(expand)population has increased the demand for food and water.
三、完成句子(每空一词)
1.这家公司成功地将业务扩展到了海外市场。
The company successfully
overseas markets.
3
高中沪教版
【选择性必修第四册】
词汇变形及词缀精讲
2.科学家们正试图从这种植物中提取一种新药。
Scientists are trying to
a new drug
this plant.
3.城市生活与乡村生活有很多不同之处。
is very different from rural life.
4.这部纪录片引起了人们对野生动物保护的关注。
The documentary
in wildlife protection.
四、语篇填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空,使短文通顺、连
贯。
With the
(expand)ofurban areas,manyrural communities are facing changes.One major prob-
lem is the
(short)of farmland,as more land is used for buildings.To deal with this,scientists
are working to
_(extract)more efficient crops that can grow in smaller spaces.
Additionally,the
_(destroy)of natural habitats has aroused public concemn.Environmen-
tal groups are
(monitor)the situation closely and pushing for better protection laws.The
(expand)of green spaces in cities is also being promoted to improve air quality.
In conclusion,balancing urban growth with environmental protection requires careful planning and
(cooperate)from all sectors of society.
参考答案
I根据句意及汉语提示完成单词
1.expansion 2.shortage 3.Urban 4.extraction
5.aroused 6.destruction
Ⅱ用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.expand 2.development 3.extracting 4.sympathy
5.destructive 6.Monitoring
7
expanding
I.完成句子
1.expanded into 2.extract;from 3.Urban life 4.aroused people's interest
V.语篇填空
1.expansion
2.shortage 3.extract 4.destruction 5.monitoring 6.expansion
7
cooperation
4