Unit 3 Mind and body 二-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇变形及词缀精讲选择性必修第三册（沪教版）

高中沪教版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第三册 词汇精讲 【Unit3】Mind and body二 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 swing/sw/n.改变：改变的程shadow /'faeda/n.阴影；影子engage/m'geId3/V.从事；参加： 度：v.(派对等)热闹：令人开profession/pr3fen/n.行业：职吸引（注意力、兴趣） 心 业 noral/'mnpral/adj.道义上的：道 comfort/'kAmfat/.n.安慰；慰藉；*undergo/,nd'gau/V.(under-德上的 宽慰 went,undergone)经历：经受 alcohol/aelkshpl/n.含酒精饮 confuse/kan'fju:z/v.使更难以surgical/s3d3k/adj.外科的：料；酒 理解：使糊涂；使迷惑 外科手术的 abuse/3'bjus/n.滥用：妄用 novelist/'npvalist/n.小说家 boost /bu:st/V.提高；增强 insurance/m'∫varans/n.保险 upset/p'set/adj.不快的；心烦ease/i:z/v.减轻；缓解：n.容易；tax /taeks/n.税；税款 的：不适的：V.使（某人）某事轻易 cigarette/.sg3'ret/n.香烟 感到难过、失望等 behave /bI'heIv/v.表现 decrease/d'kri:s/v.减少；减小 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.confuse /kan'fju:z/v.使更难以理解；使糊涂：使迷惑 形容词形式：confused(困惑的，修饰人)：confusing(令人困惑的，修饰事物) 名词形式：confusion(困惑：混乱) 构词解析：前缀con-:表“共同、一起”；后缀-ed构成形容词（修饰人)：-ing构成形容词（修饰 事物)：-ion构成名词。 例句：The complex instructions confused most students in the class. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习）：The_(confuse)situation made it hard for us to make a decision.(答案：confusing) 2.novelist/'npvalist/n.小说家 名词形式（作品）：novel(小说) 构词解析：后缀-$：加在名词后，表“从事…的人”。 同类词：artist(艺术家)←-at(艺术)、scientist(科学家)←-science(科学) 例句：Mo Yan is a famous novelist who won the Nobel Prize in Literature, 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册教材例句）：The(novel))spent three years writing her latest work.(答案：novelist) 1 高中沪教版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第三册 3.upset /Ap'set/adj不快的；心烦的：V.使（某人）某事感到难过、失望等 过去式/过去分词：upset(不变形) 名词形式：upset(心烦；混乱) 构词解析：前缀up-:表“向上”；s:放置：字面义“放错位置”，引申为“打乱；使心烦”。 例句：She was upset by the bad news from her family. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习）：His sudden decision to leave(upset)all ofus.(答案：upset) 4.profession /pra'fen/n.行业；职业 形容词形式：professional（专业的；职业的) 副词形式：professionally(专业地) 构词解析：前缀pro-:表“向前”；后缀-ion构成名词：-l构成形容词；y构成副词。 例句：Teaching is a noble profession that requires patience and care. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习）：She works as a_一(profession)dancer in the national theater.(答案：professional) 5.surgical/'s3:d3kl/adj.外科的：外科手术的 名词形式：surgeon(外科医生)：surgery(外科手术；手术室) 构词解析：后缀-ca:加在名词后，构成形容词，表“与…相关的”。 同类词：medical(医学的)←-medicine(医学)、logical(逻辑的)←-logic(逻辑) 例句：The patient needs to undergo a surgical operation next week. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册教材例句）：The一(surgery)treatment was successful, and the patient recovered quickly.（答案：surgical) 6.engage/i'geId3yv.从事：参加：吸引（注意力、兴趣） 形容词形式：engaged(忙碌的：已订婚的)：engaging(引人入胜的) 名词形式：engagement(参与：订婚) 构词解析：前缀en-:表“使…进入状态”；后缀-ed构成形容词（修饰人）：-ing构成形容词（修 饰事物)：-ment构成名词。 例句：Students should engage actively in class discussions. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习）：The__(engage)audience listened carefully to the speaker’s speech.(答案：engaged) 7.moral/'mpral/adj.道义上的；道德上的 名词形式：morality(道德：道德观) 副词形式：morally(道德上地) 构词解析：后缀-a:构成形容词：ity构成抽象名词；y构成副词。 例句：It is our moral duty to help those in need. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册教材例句）：The story teaches us an important(moral) lesson about honesty..(答案：moral) 8.abuse /a'bju:sn.滥用：妄用 2 高中沪教版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第三册 动词形式：buse(滥用：虐待) 形容词形式：abusive(滥用的：虐待的) 构词解析：前缀ab-:表“离开、偏离”；us:使用：字面义“偏离正确使用”，即“滥用”。 例句：The abuse of power by some officials has been widely criticized. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习）：He was arrested for_(abuse)his position to get illegal profits.(答案：abusing) 9.decrease/d'kri:s/v.减少；减小 名词形式：decrease(减少；下降) 反义词：increase(增加；上升) 构词解析：前缀de-:表“向下、减少”；crease:增长：字面义“向下增长”，即“减少”。 The number of smokers has decreased significantly in recent years 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习）：Therehas been a(decrease)in the company' s profits this quarter..(答案：decrease) l0.comfort/'kAmfat/n.安慰；慰藉：宽慰 形容词形式：comfortable(舒适的；安逸的) 副词形式：comfortably(舒适地) 构词解析：后缀-able:加在名词后，构成形容词，表“能…的：具有…性质的”；y构成副词。 例句：Her kind words gave me great comfort during difficult times. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习)：The hotel room is(comfort)and well-. equipped.(答案：comfortable) 11.insure/n'joar)/v.给…投保 名词形式：insurance(保险) 形容词形式：insurable(可保险的) 构词解析：前缀i-:表“使…”；sure:确定的：字面义“使确定”，引申为“保险”。 例句：It is necessary to insure your car against accidents. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习）：You should buy (insure)for your new house.(答案：insurance) l2.behave /bI'hev/v.表现 名词形式：behavior(行为：举止) 形容词形式：well-behaved(表现好的)；badly-behaved(表现差的) 构词解析：前缀be-:表“使…”；have:拥有；字面义“使拥有（某种状态）”，即“表现”。 例句：Children should learn to behave politely in public. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册教材例句）：Her good(behave)won the respect of her classmates.(答案：behavior) 3 高中沪教版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第三册 综合训练 一、 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.The novel explores the (道德)challenges faced by modern society.. 7.The (外科医生)performed the operation with great skill, 8.Her (缺席)from the meeting was due to illness. 9.We need to take steps to prevent the (滥用)of natural resources.. 10.The company has seen a significant (减少)in profits this year. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 6.The (confuse)instructions led to many mistakes 7.Asa (profession)athlete,he trains for hours every day. 8.The (engage)story kept the children interested until the end. 9.She was (upset)by the news of her friend's accident. 10.The (novel)won a prestigious literary award for her work. 三、完成句子（每空一词） 5.他的不良行为让老师很生气。 His bad the teacher very angry. 6.我们应该积极参与课堂讨论。 We should in class discussions actively 7.这家酒店提供舒适的住宿和优质的服务。 The hotel offers accommodation and service. 8.吸烟人数近年来大幅减少。 The number of smokers has in recent years. 四、语篇填空 4 高中沪教版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第三册 A famous (novel)once said that every story has a (moral)lesson.In her latest work, she describes a doctor who faces a difficult choice:to save a patient with (limit)resources or follow strict rules.The doctor's(behave)reflects the(profession)ethics in the medical field.The story also touches on the issue of power (abuse)in hospitals,which causes public concern.Readers are left (confuse)about what the right decision should be,but the (engage)plot makes them think deeply about (surgery)ethics and human nature. 参考答案 I根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.moral 7.surgeon 8.absence 9.abuse 10.decrease Ⅱ用所给单词的适当形式填空 6.confusing 7.professional 8.engaging 9.upset 10.novelist I.完成句子 5.behavior upset 6.engage actively 7.comfortable professional 8.decreased significantly V.语篇填空 1.novelist 2.moral 3.limited 4.behavior 5.professional 6.abuse 7.confused 8 engaging 9.surgical 5