Unit 3 Food and ethics 三-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇变形及词缀精讲选择性必修第四册（沪教版）

高中沪教版 【选择性必修第四册】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 词汇精讲 【Unit3】Food and ethics 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 cuisine /kwI'zi:n/n.烹饪：风味；ancestral/en'sestral/adj.祖先店 饭菜；菜肴 的 bacon/beikan/n.咸猪肉；熏猪 bakery/'beikari/n.面包（糕饼）ritual/'rtu/n.程序；仪规；礼肉 店：面包（糕饼）烘房 节 wipe out彻底消灭；全部摧毁 damp/demp/adj.潮湿的：湿气marvel/ma:v/n.令人惊异的marine ecosystem海洋生态系 重的 人（或事）：奇迹 统 stream/stri:m/V.（人或东西)apparently /a'paerantli/adv.可for the sake of为获得（或保持） 鱼贯而行；一个接一个地移动：见：看来：显然 某物 n.小河：溪 pork /p3k/n.猪肉 fare /fea(r)/n.饭菜 outlet/'avtlet/n.专卖店：经销 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.cuisine /kwI'zinn.烹饪：风味：饭菜；菜肴 动词形式：cook(烹饪，广义) 构词解析：后缀-ine:加在名词后，构成抽象名词，表的技艺/学问”。 同类词：medicine(医学)、discipline(学科) French cuisine is famous for its rich flavors and elegant presentation. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修四同步练习）：The restaurant is known for its authentic Italian (cuisine).(答案：cuisine) 2.bakery/beikari/n.面包（糕饼）店：面包（糕饼）烘房 动词形式：bake(烘烤) 构词解析：后缀-y:加在动词后，构成名词，表”场所、地点”。 同类词：brewery(啤酒厂)←brew(酿造)、distillery(酒厂)←-distill(蒸馏) The smell of fresh bread from the bakery across the street is very inviting. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修四单元测试）：My mother often buys croissants from the bake)near our house.（答案：bakery) 3.damp/demp/adj.潮湿的：湿气重的 名词形式：dampness(潮湿) 高中沪教版 【选择性必修第四册】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 动词形式：dampen(使潮湿；抑制) 构词解析：后缀-ness:加在形容词后，构成抽象名词，表”性质、状态”。 同类词：happiness(幸福)、darkness(黑暗) 例句：The damp weather made the old walls covered with mold, 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修四同步练习）：We need to reduce the__(damp)in the basement to prevent mildew.(答案：dampness) 4.stream/stri:m/v.(人或东西)鱼贯而行；n.小河：溪 动词短语：stream into(涌入) 构词解析：前缀$-：表”伸展、流动”（词根源于拉丁语”流动”)。 同类词：flow(流动)、current(水流：电流) 例句：Tourists streamed into the museum to see the ancient artifacts.. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修四阅读理解）：After the concert,the crowd(stream)out of the stadium slowly..(答案：streamed) 5.ancestral/en'sestral//adj.祖先的 名词形式：ancestor(祖先) 构词解析：前缀an-(同ante-):表”在前、先前”；后缀-al:加在名词后，构成形容词，表”的’。 同类词：national(国家的)←-nation(国家)、cultural（文化的)←culture(文化) Many families keep ancestral traditions alive through festivals and rituals. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修四完形填空）：The village still preserves its( (ancestor)customs from the Ming Dynasty..(答案：ancestral) 6.apparently /a'aerantli//adv.可见；看来；显然 形容词形式：apparent(明显的) 名词形式：appearance(外观；出现) 构词解析：前缀ap-（同ad-):表”朝向、加强”；后缀-y:加在形容词后，构成副词。 同类词：clearly(清晰地)←-clear(清晰的)、obviously(明显地)←-obvious(明显的) 例句：Apparently,.the project will be completed ahead of schedule, 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修四语法填空）：(apparent),she has no interest in pursuing a career in science..(答案：Apparently) 7.pork /po:k/n.猪肉 合成词：pork chop(猪排)、pork belly(五花肉) 构词解析：词根pok.(源于拉丁语”猪)，无明显前后缀，属基本词汇。 Roast pork with apples is a traditional dish in many Western countries. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修四词汇运用）：Chinese cuisine uses various parts of the pig,such as (pork)ribs and intestines.(答案：pork) 8.bacon/beikan/.n.减猪肉；熏猪肉 动词形式：bake(烘烤，同bakery词根) 构词解析：后缀-0：加在名词后，表”制成品、食物’（部分借自法语)。 高中沪教版 【选择性必修第四册】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 同类词：mutton(羊肉)、beef(牛肉) 例句：She likes to have bacon and eggs for breakfast on weekends.. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修四阅读理解）：The recipe requires200 grams ofbake)pork, also known as bacon.(答案：bacon) 9.outlet/'autlet/.n.专卖店；经销店 动词短语：outlet for（..的发泄途径/销售渠道) 构词解析：前缀out-:表”向外、出来”；词根lt(同’通道)，合表”向外的通道/出口”。 同类词：outdoor(户外的)、output(产量) The new shopping mall has an outlet for international sports brands 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修四单元测试）：This store is an_(out)for discounted designer clothes.(答案：outlet) 10.ritual/rtul/n.程序；仪规：礼节 形容词形式：ritualistic（仪式的；例行的) 构词解析：后缀-al:加在名词后，构成形容词，表”.的”；后缀-istic:进一步强化”具有.性 质的。 同类词：music→musical(音乐的)→musicalistic(过于注重音乐形式的) 例句：The tea ceremony is an important ritual in Japanese culture. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修四阅读理解）：The tribe's__(ritual)dances are performed during harvest festivals.(答案：ritual) 11.marvel/ma:vl/n.令人惊异的人（或事）；奇迹 动词形式：marvel at（对..感到惊叹) 形容词形式：marvelous(极好的；非凡的) 构词解析：后缀-0s:加在名词后，构成形容词，表”具有.…性质的”。 同类词：danger→dangerous(危险的)、fane→famous(著名的) 例句：The Great Wall is considered one of the marvels of the ancient world. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修四语法填空）：We_marvel)at the beauty of the sunset over the sea yesterday..(答案：marveled/marvelled) 12.fare/fea(r)/n.饭菜 动词形式：fare(进展；生活) 构词解析：词根fre(源于古英语”旅行、食物)，无明显前后缀，属多义词。 The restaurant offers traditional local fare,such as braised pork and steamed buns. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修四词汇辨析）：The hotel's breakfast(fare/food)includes both Western and Asian options.(答案：fare) I3.marine/m3'rin/adj.海洋的（短语”marine ecosystem”中） 名词形式：marine(海军陆战队士兵)：maritime(海事的：沿海的) 构词解析：前缀mar-(源于拉丁语海洋”)：后缀-ine:表”与…相关的”。 同类词：submarine(潜艇)←-sub-(水下)+marine(海洋的) 3 高中沪教版 【选择性必修第四册】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 Protecting the marine ecosystem is crucial for the survival of many species. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修四阅读理解）： (Marine)biologists study the life forms in oceans and seas.（答案：Marine) 14.sake/serk/n.目的：利益（短语”for the sake of'中） 合成短语：for God's sake(天哪：看在上帝的份上) 构词解析：无明显前后缀，属固定搭配中的核心名词（借自日语”目的、理由”）。 例句：He moved to the city for the sake of better job opportunities. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修四完形填空）：She gave up her dream (sake)of her family's happiness.（答案：for the sake) 综合训练 一、 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.French (is famous for its rich flavors and elegant presentation. 2.My mother often buys fresh bread from the_(面包店)across the street. 3.We need to reduce the (in the basement to prevent mildew 4.The Great Wall is considered one of the (of the ancient world. 5.Protecting the」 (海洋的)ecosystem is crucial for many species. 6.He moved to the city for the (利益)of better job opportunities. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The restaurant is known for its authentic Italian(cuisine). 2.After the concert,the crowd(stream)out of the stadium slowly. 3.The village still preserves its(ancestor)customs from the Ming Dynasty. 4 (apparent),she has no interest in pursuing a career in science. 5.We (marvel)at the beauty of the sunset over the sea yesterday. 6.The hotel's breakfast (fare)includes both Western and Asian options. 三、完成句子（每空一词） l.这家商店是折扣designer服装的_(outlet)。 This store is an for discounted designer clothes. 4 高中沪教版 【选择性必修第四册】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 2.茶仪式是日本文化中重要的 (ritual) The tea ceremony is an important in Japanese culture. 3.她喜欢周末早餐吃 bacon)和鸡蛋。 She likes to have and eggs for breakfast on weekends. 4.许多家庭通过节日和仪式保持 (ancestral)传统。 Many families keep traditions alive through festivals and rituals. 四、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 A local food festival showcased various traditional dishes.Visitors (stream)into the venue to taste different (cuisine).One booth sold fresh bread from a nearby (bake),and another offered smoked (pork)known as bacon.An elder shared stories of (ancestral)cooking methods,emphasizing the importance of preserving culinary (ritual). (apparent),the festival was a great success,with participants (marvel)at the diversity of local (fare). 参考答案 I.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.cuisine 2.bakery 3.dampness 4.marvels 5.marine 6.sake I.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.cuisine 2.streamed 3.ancestral 4.Apparently 5.marveled/marvelled 6.fare L.完成句子 1.outlet 2.ritual 3.bacon 4.ancestral V.语篇填空 1.streamed 2.cuisines 3.bakery 4.pork 5.ancestral 6.rituals 7.Apparently 8 marveling/marvelling 9.fare