Unit 4 My space二-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇变形及词缀精讲必修第一册（沪教版）

高中必修第一册沪教版 【词汇精讲】 Unit 4 My space 词汇精讲 【Unit4】My space 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 experiment /ik'sperimant/h.实immediately'mi:dili/adv.立小的 验：试验 即：马上 suffer/'sAfa(r)/.受苦；受难；受 capable/'kerpabl/adj.有能力的 disappear/.ds3'pIa)/w.消失；折磨 survive/sa'vaIv/v.生存；存活：不见 argue/'a:qju:v.论证；说理；争 幸存 regularly/'regjali//adv.有规律辩 unfortunately/n'fo:tonatli/adv.地：经常 decrease/di'kri:sw.(使)减少： 不幸地：遗憾地 bomb /bom/m.炸弹 减小 labour-saving /lerba(r)goods/godz/n.商品；货品 apartment /3'pa:tmant/n.( sevm/adj.省力的：节省劳力petrol/'petral/n.汽油 公寓套房 的 boil /boil/w.(使)沸腾：煮沸 definitely/'definatli/adv.肯定； device./d'vaIs/n.装置；仪器；设aim/em/h.目的：目标 当然：确实 备 narrow/nera/adj.狭窄的：窄 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.experiment/k'sperim3nthm.实验；试验 动词形式：experiment(做实验) 构词解析：前缀ex-:表”向外、超出”；词根peri-:表”尝试”；后缀ment:构成名词，表”行为、 结果”。 The students will experiment with different materials in the science class. 真题链接（沪教版高中必修第一册同步练习）：We did an(experiment)to test how plants grow without sunlight.(答案：experiment) 2.capable/'kerpabl/adj.有能力的 名词形式：capability(能力) 反义词：incapable(无能力的) 构词解析：前缀ca即-：表”拿、抓’；后缀-able:构成形容词，表”有…能力的”；否定前缀in-构 成反义词。 同类词：comfortable(舒适的)、reliable(可靠的) 例句：She is capable of solving difficult problems on her own. 高中必修第一册沪教版 【词汇精讲】 Unit 4 My space 真题链接（沪教版高中必修第一册同步练习）：The new system has the (capable)to process data more efficiently.(答案：capability) 3.survive/s'vaIv.生存；存活：幸存 名词形式：survival(生存) 形容词形式：survivable(可生存的) 构词解析：前缀sr-:表”超过、在…之上”；词根viv-:表”生命”：后缀-al构成名词，-ble构 成形容词。 例句：Only a few people survived the terrible earthquake. 真题链接（沪教版高中必修第一册同步练习）：The book tells the story of a sailor's_(survive)at sea for three months.(答案：survival) 4.unfortunately/n'fo:tonatli/adv.不幸地；遗憾地 形容词形式：unfortunate 名词形式：fortune(运气) 构词解析：否定前缀un-;词根fotn-:表”运气”；后缀-ate构成形容词，-y构成副词。 同类词：fortunately(幸运地)、unexpectedly(意外地) 例句：Unfortunately,.we missed the last bus and had to walk home. 真题链接（沪教版高中必修第一册同步练习）：It was(unfortunate)that the project failed due to bad weather..(答案：unfortunate) 5.labour-saving/'leba(r)servu)/adj.省力的：节省劳力的 动词形式：save(节省) 名词形式：l1 abour(劳动) 构词解析：名词labour+动词save+后缀-ing构成复合形容词，表”节省…的”。 Labour-saving devices like washing machines make housework easier. 真题链接（沪教版高中必修第一册同步练习）：This new tool is(labour-saving)and has become popular among farmers.(答案：labour-saving) 6.disappear/ds3'pIar)/w.消失；不见 名词形式：disappearance 反义词：appear(出现) 构词解析：否定前缀dis（表”相反”)：词根appear(出现)：后缀-ance构成名词。 例句：The sun disappeared behind the clouds suddenly. 真题链接（沪教版高中必修第一册同步练习）：The (disappear)of the ancient city remains a mystery.(答案：disappearance) 7.argue/'a:qjuw.论证；说理：争辩 名词形式：argument（争论) 形容词形式：argumentative(好争辩的) 构词解析：词根argu-:表”清楚’；后缀-e构成动词，ment构成名词，-ative构成形容词。 例句：They argued about the best way to solve the problem for hours. 高中必修第一册沪教版 【词汇精讲】 Unit 4 My space 真题链接（沪教版高中必修第一册同步练习）：Their (argue)over money destroyed their friend- ship.(答案：argument) 8.decrease/d'ki:sv.(使)减少：减小 名词形式：decrease(减少) 反义词：increase(增加) 构词解析：前缀de-:表”向下、减少”：词根creas--:表增长”；既可作动词也可作名词。 例句：The number of students in the school has decreased by 10%this year.. 真题链接（沪教版高中必修第一册同步练习）：There has been a (decrease)in rainfall in this area recently.（答案：decrease) 9.definitely/'definatli/adv.肯定；当然；确实 形容词形式：definite 名词形式：definition(定义) 构词解析：词根defin-:表”限定”；后缀-ite构成形容词，ly构成副词，-ition构成名词。 例句：I will definitely attend the meeting tomorrow morning. 真题链接（沪教版高中必修第一册同步练习）：Can you give a (definite)answer to the question by Friday?(答案：definite) l0.apartment/A'pa:tment/h.(美)公寓套房 同义词：flat(英式) 动词形式：pat（分开，较少用) 构词解析：前缀a-:表”在…状态”；词根pat-:表”部分”；后缀-ment构成名词，表”场所”。 例句：She lives in a small apartment in the city center 真题链接（沪教版高中必修第一册同步练习)：They rented an一(apartment)near the subway station for convenience..(答案：apartment) 11.regular/'regiala(r)/adj.有规律的：定期的 副词形式：regularly 名词形式：regularity(规律性) 构词解析：词根regul-:表”规则'：后缀-ar构成形容词，-y构成副词，-ity构成名词。 例句：He exercises regularly to keep fit 真题链接（沪教版高中必修第一册同步练习)：It's important to maintain a一(regular)）schedule for study and rest.(答案：regular) 12.aim/em/m.目的；目标 动词形式：aim(瞄准：旨在) 形容词形式：aimless(无目标的) 构词解析：词根aim-:表”目标”；后缀-less构成否定形容词，表”无…的”。 固定搭配：aim at(瞄准：旨在) 例句：The government's new policy aims to reduce air pollution. 真题链接（沪教版高中必修第一册同步练习）：Without clear (aim),it's easy to waste time in 3 高中必修第一册沪教版 【词汇精讲】 Unit 4 My space life.(答案：aims) 13.suffer/'sAfa()/W.受苦：受难；受折磨 名词形式：suffering(苦难) 形容词形式：sufferable(可忍受的) 构词解析：前缀suf-:表”在…下面”；词根fer-:表”承受”；后缀-ing构成名词，-able构成形容 词。 例句：Many people suffered from hunger during the war. 真题链接（沪教版高中必修第一册同步练习）：The novel describes the_(suffer)of people in the poor area.(答案：suffering) 14.decrease/dr'kri:s/v.(使)减少：减小 名词形式：decrease(减少) 反义词：increase(增加) 构词解析：前缀de-:表”向下、减少”；词根creas-:表”增长”；既可作动词也可作名词。 例句：The number of students in the school has decreased by 10%this year. 真题链接（沪教版高中必修第一册同步练习）：There has been a(decrease)in rainfall in this area recently.(答案：decrease) 综合训练 一、 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The scientists are doing an (实验)to test the new drug. 2.She has the (能力)to speak five languages fluently. 3.The documentary shows the (skills of animals in the desert. 4.His bad (运气)made him lose all his money in the game.. 5.The (of the ancient village remains a mystery to historians. 6.Their endless (about politics finally destroyed their friendship. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The (experiment)results proved that the theory was correct. 2.This new machine is more (labour-saving)than the old one. 3.After the accident,he was sent to hospital with serious (suffer). 4.The number of students in our school (decrease)by 5%last year. 4 高中必修第一册沪教版 【词汇精讲】 Unit 4 My space 5.She (definite)needs to improve her pronunciation. 6.Without a clear (aim),it's hard to achieve success in life. 7.The (regular)of his daily schedule helps him stay energetic. 三、完成句子（每空一词） 1.不幸的是，他在地震中失去了家园。 he lost his home in the earthquake 2.这个新系统能够高效处理数据。 The new system processing data efficiently. 3.她的目标是成为一名优秀的医生。 She becoming an excellent doctor. 4.只有少数人在这场事故中幸存下来。 Only a few people the accident. 四、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 A young sailor once faced a terrible storm at sea. (unfortunate),his ship sank,and he was left alone on a small boat.His only hope was(survive)by catching fish and collecting rainwater. For three months,he experienced great (suffer),but his strong will kept him going One day,a passing ship spotted him.The sailors were amazed by his (survive)story.Later, the sailor wrote a book about his experience,which (aim)to encourage people to never give up.The book became popular and had a great (influence)on readers worldwide. 参考答案 I.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.experiment 2.capability 3.survival 4.fortune 5.disappearance 6.argument Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.experimental 2.labour-saving 3.suffering 4.decreased 5.definitely 6.aim 7 regularity 5 高中必修第一册沪教版 【词汇精讲】 Unit 4 My space II.完成句子 1.Unfortunately 2.is capable of 3.aims at 4.survived V.语篇填空 1.Unfortunately 2.to survive 3.suffering 4.survival 5.aims 6.influence 6