Unit 2 Digital humans 二-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇变形及词缀精讲选择性必修第二册（沪教版）

高中沪教版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第二册 词汇精讲 【Unit2】Digital humans 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 pause /p:z/n.停顿：停顿的时globe/glab/n.地球仪；世界 帕 间 canal/k3'ne/n.运河 plug /plag/v.接通（电源） instant/'mnstant/adj.立刻的：立foggy/fogi/adj..有雾的 wrist/rist/n.手腕；腕关节 即的 mist/mIst/n.薄雾 waist/weIst/n.腰；腰部 dare/dea/v.敢于；胆敢 estate/'stet/n.住宅区；工业区comprise/kam'praiz/v.包括：由 outgoing/'aotgeon/adj.爱交际weed/wi:d/n.杂草；野草 …组成 的：外向的 wire/'waa(r)/n.金属丝：金属component /kam'p3nant/n.组 adorable/a'do:rabl/adj.可爱的：线 成部分 讨人喜爱的 kettle/'ketl/n.水壶 prior/'praIs)/adj.先前的：在lung//n.肺 前的 handkerchief /'haenkat fif/n. 词汇变形及词缀精讲 l.instant/nstant/ad.立刻的：立即的 词汇变形 副词形式：instantly 名词形式：instant(片刻，瞬间) 构词解析 前缀n-:表“不、无”；后缀-ant:构成形容词或名词，此处表“具有…性质的”。 同类词：constant(持续的)、distant(遥远的) 例句：The medicine can give instant relief from pain, 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习）：The firemen arrived (instant)after receiving the call.(答案：instantly) 2.outgoing/'awtg3u四/adj.爱交际的；外向的 词汇变形 动词短语：g0out(出去；熄灭) 构词解析 前缀out:表“向外、超出”；-going是go的现在分词形式，构成形容词，表“倾向于…的”。 高中沪教版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第二册 同类词：outstanding(杰出的)、outspoken（坦率的) She is an outgoing girl who enjoys making friends with people from different backgrounds. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第二册教材例句）：His outgoing personality helps him adapt to the new environment quickly. 3.prior/prara()/adj.先前的：在前的 词汇变形 副词形式：priorly 名词形式：priority(优先权：优先事项) 构词解析 前缀pi-:表“首要的、在前的”；后缀-o:构成形容词或名词，此处表“…之前的”。 固定搭配：prior to（在…之前) 例句：You must finish the task prior to leaving the office. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习）：Safety is our top_(prior)when organizing outdoor activities.(答案：priority) 4.foggy/'fDgi/adj.有雾的 词汇变形 名词形式：fog 构词解析 后缀y:加在名词后，构成形容词，表“多…的：有…性质的”。 同类词：rainy(下雨的)、sunny(晴朗的) 例句：Drivers should be careful on foggy mornings to avoid accidents. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第二册单元测试)：The weather forecast says it will be (fog) tomorrow morning.（答案：foggy) 5.comprise/kam'praiz/v.包括：由…组成 词汇变形 名词形式：comprise(较少用，常用composition) 近义词：consist of(由…组成)、include(包括) 构词解析 前缀com-:表“共同、一起”；词根pris:表“抓、拿”；后缀-e:构成动词。 例句：The team comprises five doctors and ten nurses. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第二册阅读填空）：Our school's curriculum (comprise) various courses,including art and music..(答案：comprises). 6.component /kam'p3nant/n.组成部分 词汇变形 动词形式：compose(组成：创作) 形容词形式：composite(混合的) 构词解析 前缀com-:表“共同”；词根pon:表“放置”；后缀-ent:构成名词，表“事物”。 高中沪教版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第二册 同类词：element(元素；成分)、pat(部分) 例句：The main components of air are nitrogen and oxygen. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习）：Each (component)of the machine should be checked carefully before assembly.(答案：component) 7.adorable /a'do:rabl/adj.可爱的；讨人喜爱的 词汇变形 动词形式：adore(喜爱；崇拜) 名词形式：adoration(爱慕；崇拜) 构词解析 前缀ad-:表“向、对”；词根or:表“说、祈祷”；后缀-able:构成形容词，表“可…的；值得…的”。 例句：The little girl's smile is absolutely adorable. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第二册随堂练习）：Everyone in the family(adore)he new- born baby because she is so adorable.(答案：adores) 8.plug /plag/v.接通（电源）：n.插头 词汇变形 过去式/过去分词：plugged 现在分词：plugging 构词解析 无明显前后缀，属于原生词，动词和名词同形。 固定搭配：plug in(插上电源) 例句：Don't forget to plug in the charger before going to bed. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第二册教材例句）：He plugged the kettle into the socket and waited for the water to boil 9.handkerchief/'hankatfif/n.手帕 词汇变形 复数形式：handkerchiefs/handkerchieves 构词解析 复合词：hand(手)+kerchief(头巾：方巾)，字面义“手持的方巾”。 例句：She took out a handkerchief to wipe her tears. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第二册词汇填空）：He always carries a_(handkerchief)in his pocket in case of need.(答案：handkerchief) 10.lung/n.肺 词汇变形 形容词形式：pulmonary(肺的，医学术语) 构词解析 无明显前后缀，属于原生名词，复数形式为ungs。 例句：Smoking is harmful to your lungs and overall health 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第二册阅读理解）：Regular exercise can improve lung function and 高中沪教版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第二册 strengthen the body 11.waist /weist//n.腰；腰部 词汇变形 形容词形式：waistline(腰围) 构词解析 无明显前后缀，属于原生名词，可构成复合词waistcoat(背心)、waistband(腰带)。 例句：She tied a red ribbon around her waist to make the dress fit better 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习)：The tailor measured her (waist)before making the new skirt.(答案：waist) 12.wrist/rIst//n.手腕：腕关节 词汇变形 形容词形式：wristed(有腕的) 构词解析 无明显前后缀，属于原生名词，常见搭配wrist watch(手表)。 例句：He hurt his wrist while playing basketball yesterday.. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第二册单元测试）：She wears a silver bracelet on her left (wrist)).（答案：wrist) 综合训练 一、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The (response from the doctor saved the patient's life 2.Her (外向的)nature makes her popular among classmates. 3.Safety should be the top_(优先事项)for all construction workers. 4.The mountain village is often 。 (有雾的)in early autumn 5.The main__(组成部分)of a computer include the CPU and memory. 6.He took out a(手帕）)to clean his glasses. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The rescue team arrived (instant)after the earthquake happened. 2.You must submit the application form(prior)to the deadline. 3.The committee (comprise)seven members with different expertise. 4 高中沪教版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第二册 4.The (fog)weather caused many flights to be delayed. 5.Everyone in the neighborhood adores the (adorable)little girl. 6.She tied a scarf around her (waist)to keep warm in winter. 三、完成句子（每空一词） 1.请在离开前完成这份报告。 Please finish the report leaving. 2.这个团队由来自不同国家的科学家组成。 The team scientists from different countries. 3.大雾天气开车时请减速。 Please slow down when driving on 4.她因可爱的笑容赢得了所有人的喜爱。 Her smile made everyone her. 四、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Yesterday was a_ (fog)day.The weather forecast had warned us to drive carefully,but Mr. Smith,an (outgoing)driver,still hurried to work.(instant)he reached the highway,he realized the visibility was very low.Priorthis,he had never experienced such bad weather. The highway (comprise)three lanes,but many cars had to reduce speed.Suddenly,a truck stopped ahead.Mr.Smith tried to brake,but his car skidded.Luckily,he only hurt his (wrist) slightly.Later,he said safety should be everyone's top (prior),not speed. 参考答案 I.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.instant 2.outgoing 3.priority 4.foggy 5.components 6.handkerchief Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.instantly 2.priorly 3.comprises 4.foggy 5.adorable 6.waist II.完成句子 1.prior to 2.comprises of 3.foggy days 4.adorable;adore 高中沪教版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第二册 V语篇填空 1.foggy 2.outgoing 3.Instantly 4.to 5.comprises 6.wrist 7.priority 6