Unit 3 Food and ethics 一-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇变形及词缀精讲选择性必修第四册（沪教版）

高中沪教版 【选择性必修第四册】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 高中专版 【Unit3】Food and ethics 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 frog /fidg/n.蛙；青蛙 统计资料 交往 strait/strert//n.海峡 predator/'predata(r)/n.捕食者；species/'spi:ji:z/n.(pl.species)) meanwhile/'mi:nwarl/adv.同捕食性动物 物种：种 时：与此同时 collapse /ka'laeps/n.（机构、生prohibit /pr'hbtv.（尤指以 loat /flaut/v.浮动；漂流：飘意等的)突然失败，倒闭，崩溃：法令)禁止 动：飘移 V.(突然)倒塌，坍塌 monstrous/'npnstras/)adj.丑恶 butcher/'bta)/v.屠宰；宰杀recreation/rekri'en/n.娱乐；的：骇人的 distressing/d'stresu)/adj.使人消遣；娱乐活动：游戏 痛苦的：令人苦恼的 association /a,sausi'eIfn/n. statistic/sta'trstrk/n.统计数字；想；联系；联合；合伙；关联； 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.rog/frDg/n.蛙；青蛙 构词解析 无常见前后缀，属于基本词汇。 同类词：toad(蟾蜍)、tadpole（蝌蚪) 例句：A frog can live both on land and in water, 2.strait/strert/n.海峡 构词解析 无常见前后缀，属于基本词汇。 固定搭配：Strait of Gibraltar(直布罗陀海峡) 例句：The ship sailed through the narrow strait. 3.meanwhile/mi:nwarl/adv.同时；与此同时 构词解析 前缀mean-(此处非独立前缀，整体为合成词)+while（当…时)，表“在…期间同时”。 例句：I was doing my homework;meanwhile,my brother was watching TV.. 高中沪教版 【选择性必修第四册】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 4.f1 pat /floot/v.浮动：漂流 词汇变形 名词形式：float(浮子；漂浮物) 例句：The boat floated gently on the calm lake. 5.butcher/bta(r/v.屠宰：n.屠夫 构词解析 无常见前后缀，动词和名词同形。 例句：The farmer butchered the pig for the winter 6.distressing/dh'stresn)/adj.使人痛苦的：令人苦恼的 词汇变形 动词形式：distress(使痛苦) 名词形式：distress(痛苦：危难) 构词解析 后缀ing:加在动词后构成形容词，表“令人…的”。 同类词：surprising(令人惊讶的)、worrying(令人担忧的) 例句：The news of the accident was distressing for everyone. 7.statistic/stet虹stk/n.统计数字；统计资料 词汇变形 形容词形式：statistical(统计的) 名词复数：statistics(统计学；统计数据) 构词解析 后缀ic:构成名词：-ical构成形容词。 例句：The statistics show that crime rates are decreasing. 8.predator/'predata(r)/n.捕食者；捕食性动物 构词解析 前缀pre-(预先)+dat(来自拉丁语“抓取”)+后缀-or(表“做…的人/物”)，表“预先抓取的 动物”即“捕食者”。 同类词：actor(演员)、inventor(发明家) 例句：Lions are apex predators in the savanna. 9.collapse /k3'laeps/v.倒塌；n.崩溃 构词解析 前缀col-(加强意义)+lapse(滑落)，表“完全滑落”即“倒塌、崩溃”。 例句：The old building collapsed after the earthquake. l0.recreation/rekri'etfn/n.娱乐；消遣 词汇变形 动词形式：recreate(重新创造：娱乐) 高中沪教版 【选择性必修第四册】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 构词解析 前缀re-(重新)+create(创造)+后缀-ion(表动作或状态)，表“重新创造（身心状态)”即“娱 乐”。 例句：Hiking is a popular form of recreation for many people.. 11.association/月，sasi'eIn/n.联想；联系 词汇变形 动词形式：associate(联系：联想) 形容词形式：associated(关联的) 构词解析 前缀as-(加强)+soci(同伴)+后缀-ation(表动作或结果)，表“与同伴一起”即“联合、联系”。 固定搭配：associate.with.(把…与…联系起来) 例句：The association between smoking and lung disease is well known. 12.species/'spi:i:z/n.物种；种（单复数同形) 构词解析 无常见前后缀，单复数同形的特殊名词。 例句：This species of bird is native to Australia. l3.prohibit /pra'hbt/v.禁止 词汇变形 名词形式：prohibition(禁令) 形容词形式：prohibited(被禁止的) 构词解析 前缀pro-(在前)+hibit(拿住)，表“提前拿住”即“阻止、禁止”。 固定搭配：prohibit sb.from doing sth.（禁止某人做某事) 例句：The law prohibits smoking in public places. 14.monstrous/'mpnstras/adj.丑恶的；骇人的 词汇变形 名词形式：monster(怪物：恶人) 构词解析 名词monster+后缀-ous(表“具有…性质的”)，表“像怪物一样的”即“骇人的”。 同类词：dangerous(危险的)、poisonous(有毒的) 例句：The novel describes a monstrous crime that shocked the town, 综合训川练 一、 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.The ship sailed through the narrow (海峡)successfully. 高中沪教版 【选择性必修第四册】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 7.Lions and tigers are considered apex (捕食者)in their ecosystems. 8.The (统计数据)show that more students are choosing science majors. 9.Hiking and swimming are popular forms of (for teenagers. 10.The()of plastic bags has reduced environmental pollution in the city. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The news about the natural disaster was (distress)to all the villagers. 2.The (statistic)analysis of the data took three weeks to complete. 3.This (species)of butterfly is only found in the tropical rainforest. 4.The (associate)between diet and health has been proven by research. 5.The (monster)storm caused severe damage to the coastal area. 6.The (predator)bird盘旋在空中寻找猎物.(predator) 7.She found the long wait (distress)and decided to leave early. 三、完成句子（每空一词） 1.狮子是草原上的顶级捕食者。 Lions are apex. in the 2.法律禁止在公共场所吸烟。 The law in public places. 3.地震后，那座建筑倒塌了。 The old building the earthquake 4.这些统计数据表明犯罪率正在下降。 The that crime rates are 四、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 4 高中沪教版 【选择性必修第四册】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 A (frog)is an amphibian that can live both on land and in water.It often faces threats from (predator)like snakes and birds (Meanwhile),human activities such as pollution also harm its habitat. (Statistic)show that many frog(species)are now in danger.To protect them,some countries have (prohibit)the use of harmful chemicals near wetlands.Scientists are studying their behavior to better understand how to save these creatures. 参考答案 I.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.strait 7.predators 8.statistics 9.recreation 10.prohibition Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.distressing 2.statistical 3.species 4.association 5.monstrous 6.predatory 7. distressing II.完成句子 1.predators,savanna 2.prohibits smoking 3.collapsed after 4.statistics show,decreasing V.语篇填空 1.frog 2.predators 3.Meanwhile 4.Statistics 5.species 6.prohibited 5