内容正文:
高中沪教版
【词汇精讲】
选择性必修第三册
词汇精讲
Unit 1 Across the globe
词汇变形及词缀精讲
全部单元单词
biology /bar'Dld3i/n.生物学
等)死板的,僵硬的
条件)恶劣的:艰苦的
angle/aengl/n.角度;斜角
restricted/r'striktd/adj.(能做frozen/'frauzn/adj.冰封的;封
minority/mar'nprati//n.少数;少的事)有限的,受限制的
冻的:结冰的
数人;少数派
curriculum /ka'rikjalam/n.
shoreline/blam/n.海(或湖)
remote/r'maot/adj.偏远的:偏校等的)全部课程
滨线:海(或湖)岸线
僻的
enormous/'n3m3sadj.巨大*isolated/'arsaletd/adj.偏远
hunt /hAnt/V.打猎:猎取:猎的:庞大的
的:孤立的:孤独的
杀:搜寻
fluency/flu:ensi/n.熟练自如:
*inevitably /in'evitabli/adv.
airline/'ealam/n.航空公司
流畅
可避免地:必然地
demand/d'ma:ndn.所需之grasp /gra:sp/n.理解(力);领resident/rezidant/n.居民:住
物:(坚决的)要求:V.强烈要会:V.抓紧:抓牢
户;adj.常住的
求
sew/sU/V.缝;做针线活
rigid/'rId3Id/adj.(规则、方法*harsh /ha:f/adj.(天气或生活
词汇变形及词缀精讲
1.biology/bar'plad3in.生物学
词汇变形
形容词形式:biological(生物学的)
副词形式:biologically(生物学上)
构词解析
前缀bi0-:表示“生命;生物”;后缀-logy:表示“学科:研究”。
同类词:biography(传记,bio-+graphy“写”)、geology(地质学,geo-“地球”+logy)
Biology is the study of living organisms and their interactions with the environment.
真题链接(沪教版高中选择性必修三配套练习):The一biology)clock regulates many physiological
processes in living things..(答案:biological)
2.minority/mar'nprati/n.少数:少数人;少数派
词汇变形
形容词形式:minor(较小的:次要的)
高中沪教版
【词汇精讲】
选择性必修第三册
反义词:majority(多数:多数派)
构词解析
前缀min-:表示“小:少”;后缀ity:构成抽象名词,表示“性质:状态”。
同类词:priority(优先;优先权,prior“优先的”+ity)、security(安全,secure“安全的”+ity)
例句:The minority in the group held a different opinion from the majority.
真题链接(沪教版高中选择性必修三教材例句):The rights of ethnic minorities should be protected by
law.
3.remote/rI'mat/adj.偏远的;偏僻的
词汇变形
名词形式:remoteness(遥远;偏僻)
构词解析
前缀re-:表示“回;离”;词根mot:表示“移动”(如motion“运动”):后缀-e:构成形容词。
衍生词:remove(V.移开;去除,re-+move“移动”)
例句:We visited a remote village in the mountains where few tourists go,
真题链接(沪教版高中选择性必修三同步练习):The一(remote)of the area made it difficult to access
medical care.(答案:remoteness)
4.demand/dr'nand/n.所需之物;要求;v.强烈要求
词汇变形
形容词形式:demanding(要求高的;费力的)
构词解析
前缀de-:表示“向下:完全”;词根mand:表示“命令”(如command“命令”):后缀-ing:构成
形容词,表示“具有…性质的”。
固定搭配:in demand(需求大的)、meet the demand(满足需求)
例句:The company is trying to meet the growing demand for organic food.
真题链接(沪教版高中选择性必修三配套练习):Teaching is a(demand)job that requires patience
and creativity.(答案:demanding)
5.rigid/'d3dadj.(规则、方法等)死板的,僵硬的
词汇变形
副词形式:rigidly(死板地;僵硬地)
名词形式:rigidity(僵硬:刻板)
构词解析
词根rigid:表示“僵硬的”;后缀ly:构成副词;-ity:构成名词。
同类词:rapid(迅速的)一rapidly(迅速地)一rapidity(迅速)
例句:The school has a rigid rule about uniform wearing.
真题链接(沪教版高中选择性必修三教材例句):His rigid attitude made it hard to reach an agreement,
6.restricted'striktid/adj.(能做的事)有限的,受限制的
词汇变形
动词形式:restrict(限制:约束)
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高中沪教版
【词汇精讲】
选择性必修第三册
名词形式:restriction(限制:约束)
构词解析
前缀re-:表示“回;再”;词根strict:表示“严厉的;严格的”(如strict“严格的”):后缀-ed:构
成形容词:-ion:构成名词。
固定搭配:be restricted to(限于…)
例句:Access to this area is restricted to authorized personnel only.
真题链接(沪教版高中选择性必修三同步练习):The government has imposed new一(restrict)on
import goods..(答案:restrictions)
7.curriculum /ka'rikjalam/n.(学校等的)全部课程
词汇变形
复数形式:curricula(正式)/curriculums(非正式)
构词解析
词根cur:表示“跑;流动”(如current“当前的:水流”):后缀-culum:表示“小的东西”,合意
为“(学生)跑动的路径”,即“课程”。
同类词:agenda(议程,ag“做”+enda“将要”)、program(计划:程序,pro-“向前”+gram“写”")
The school is planning to update its curriculum to include more practical courses.
真题链接(沪教版高中选择性必修三教材例句):The new curriculum emphasizes critical thinking and
problem-solving skills.
8.fluency/'flu:ansi/n.熟练自如;流畅
词汇变形
形容词形式:fluent(流利的:流畅的)
副词形式:fluently(流利地;流畅地)
构词解析
词根flu:表示“流动”(如fluid“液体:流动的”):后缀-ent:构成形容词;-ency:构成名词;y:
构成副词。
固定搭配:speak English fluently(流利说英语)
Regular practice is the key to achieving fluency in a foreign language
真题链接(沪教版高中选择性必修三配套练习):She can speak three languages一(fluent),including
French and Spanish.(答案:fluently)
9.grasp/gra:sp/n.理解(力):领会:.抓紧:抓牢
词汇变形
形容词形式:graspable(可理解的:可抓住的)
构词解析
词根grasp:表示“抓住”;后缀-able:构成形容词,表示“可…的”。
固定搭配:grasp the meaning(理解含义)、grasp at(试图抓住)
例句:It took me a while to grasp the main idea of the article..
真题链接(沪教版高中选择性必修三同步练习):The concept is complex,but with patience,you will
(grasp)it eventually.(答案:grasp)
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高中沪教版
【词汇精讲】
选择性必修第三册
l0.enormous/M'n3mas/adj.巨大的:庞大的
词汇变形
副词形式:enormously(极其;非常)
名词形式:enormity(巨大:严重性)
构词解析
前缀e-(变体ofex-):表示“出;完全”;词根nom:表示“标准;规范”(如normal“正常的”):
后缀-ous:构成形容词;y:构成副词:ity:构成名词。
同类词:enlarge(扩大,en-“使”+large“大的”)、enrich(使丰富,en-+rich“富有的”)
例句:The project requires an enormous amount of time and money.
真题链接(沪教版高中选择性必修三教材例句):The Internet has brought enormous changes to people'
s daily life
11.resident/'rezidant/n.居民;住户:adj.常住的
词汇变形
动词形式:reside(居住:定居)
名词形式:residence(住所:居住)
构词解析
前缀re-:表示“回;再”;词根sid:表示“坐;停留”(如sit“坐”):后缀-ent:构成名词/形容词:
-ence:构成名词。
同类词:president(总统,pre“前”+sid+ent“坐前面的人”)、residual(剩余的,re-+sid+ual)
Local residents are concerned about the environmental impact of the new factory.
真题链接(沪教版高中选择性必修三同步练习):He has一(residence)in this city for over20 years.
(答案:resided)
12.isolated/'arsalertid/adj..偏远的:孤立的:孤独的
词汇变形
动词形式:isolate(使隔离:使孤立)
名词形式:isolation(隔离:孤立)
构词解析
前缀iso-:表示“相等;孤立”(如isle“岛屿”):词根lat:表示“放置”(如locate“定位”):后缀
-ed:构成形容词;-ion:构成名词。
固定搭配:be isolated from(与…隔离)
例句:The village is isolated by mountains and can only be reached by boat
真题链接(沪教版高中选择性必修三配套练习):The patient was.一(isolate)to prevent the spread of
the disease.(答案:isolated)
l3.inevitably /m'evitabli/ad.不可避免地;必然地
词汇变形
形容词形式:inevitable(不可避免的:必然的)
构词解析
前缀in-:表示“不”;词根evit:表示“避免”(来自拉丁语evitare):后缀-able:构成形容词;ly:
构成副词。
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高中沪教版
【词汇精讲】
选择性必修第三册
固定搭配:inevitably lead to(必然导致)
例句:Technological progress inevitably brings changes to society..
真题链接(沪教版高中选择性必修三教材例句):Conflicts will inevitably arise when people have
different opinions.
综合训练
一、
根据句意及汉语提示完成单词
1.The study of living organisms and their interactions is called_(生物学),
2.The rights of_(少数群体)should be protected by law.
3.The(of our school will be updated next semester.
4.Regular practice helps improve language.一(流畅度).
5.Local()are working together to protect the environment.
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.The_(biology)clock controls sleeping and waking cycles.
2.Teaching is a(demand)job that needs patience.
3.The area's(remote)makes it hard to get medical help
4.She speaks three languages_(fluent),including Chinese.
5.The government has imposed new-(restrict)on public gatherings.
三、完成句子(每空一词)
1.他花了很长时间才理解这个复杂的概念。
He took a long time to _the complex concept.
2.这个项目需要大量的时间和金钱。
The project requires an-amount of time and money.
3.偏远村庄的孩子们接触不到优质教育。
Children in_villages have no access to quality education.
4.她的死板态度使谈判很难进行。
Her_attitude made the negotiation difficult.
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高中沪教版
【词汇精讲】
选择性必修第三册
四、语篇填空
Reading aloud is key to achieving-(fluent)in a foreign language.When learning new words,it's
important to_(grasp)both their meanings and word forms.For example,"biology"has its(adj.)
form"biological",and"demand"can be changed to the-(adj.)"demanding".
Some students live in_(remote)areas,where learning resources are limited.However,with hard
work,they can still master the(curriculum)and improve their skills.Remember,progress may be
slow,but_(inevitable),consistent effort will lead to success.
参考答案
I.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词
6.biology
7.minorities 8.curriculum 9.fluency 10.residents
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
6.biological 7.demanding 8.remoteness
9.fluently 10.restrictions
L.完成句子
1.grasp 2.enormous 3.remote 4.rigid
V.语篇填空
1.fluency 2.grasp 3.biological 4.demanding 5.remote 6.curriculum 7.inevitably
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