Unit 12 Innovation Lesson 2、3-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇变形及词缀精讲选择性必修第四册（北师大版）

高中选修4北师大版 【词汇精讲】 Unit 12:Innovation 词汇精讲 Unit 12:Innovation Lesson 2&3 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 emerge/i'm3:d3vi.出现；浮现theoretical./,I3 retrkl/adj.理论论；宇字宙学 coincidence /kao'nsidans//n.巧的；理论上的 grand/graend/adj.宏伟的：壮丽 合：巧事 overcome/,Uva'km/t.克服的：隆重的 clueless'klu:las/adj..一无所知（困难）：控制（感情）：征服 in spite of虽然：不顾；尽管… 的：一窍不通的 decline /dr'klan/v.减少：降低：（仍…） incubation/,ykju'ben/n.孵化；谢绝；n.下降；衰退 bous/baom3s/n.意外收获；额 潜伏期 PhD (Doctor of Philosophy)n.外好处；奖金；红利 evaluation,vaelju'en/n.评估：博士学位 gravity/'graevati/n.重力：☑引力 评价 cosmology/kDz'mplad3i/n.宇宙 词汇变形及词缀精讲 l.emerge /i'm3:d3/vi.出现；浮现 词汇变形 名词形式：emergence(出现：浮现) 形容词形式：emergent(新兴的；出现的) 构词解析 前缀e-(=ex-):表“出、外”；词根merg:意为“沉没、淹没”（如merge“合并”)：-e为动词后 缀。合起来即“从淹没状态中出来”→“浮现”。 例句：A large number of stars emerged as the sky darkened. 真题链接（北师大版高中选修4同步练习）：The sun(emerge)from behind the clouds and warmed the earth.(答案：emerged) 2.coincidence/kau'nsidans/n.巧合；巧事 词汇变形 形容词形式：coincident(同时发生的：巧合的) 副词形式：coincidently(巧合地) 构词解析 前缀co-(=con-):表“共同、一起”；词根incid(happen,如incident“事件”)；后缀-ence:构成 名词，表“性质、状态”。“共同发生的事”→“巧合”。 高中选修4北师大版 【词汇精讲】 Unit 12:Innovation 例句：It's a coincidence that we both chose the same hotel, 真题链接（北师大版高中选修4单元测试）：What a_(coincident)!I met my old friend on the street today..(答案：coincidence) 3.evaluation/r,vaelju'eun/n.评估：评价 词汇变形 动词形式：evaluate(评估：评价) 形容词形式：evaluative(评价的；评估的) 构词解析 前缀e-(=ex-):表“出”；词根valu(=value“价值”)：后缀-ation:构成名词，表“动作、过程”。“给 出价值判断的过程”→“评估”。 例句：The teacher's evaluation of the project was very positive. 真题链接（北师大版高中选修4阅读填空)：We need to__(evaluation)the results before making a final decision.(答案：evaluate) 4.theoretical/,0Ia'retikl/ad.理论的：理论上的 词汇变形 名词形式：theory(理论) 副词形式：theoretically(理论上) 构词解析 词根theor(=speculate“思索”)：后缀-etical(=ical):构成形容词，表“与…相关的”；y为名 词后缀。“与理论相关的”→“理论的”。 例句：This is just a theoretical analysis,.we need practical tests. 真题链接（北师大版高中选修4词汇填空)：Einstein's__(theory)contributions changed the world of physics.(答案：theoretical) 5.overcome/,va'km/t.克服（困难）：控制（感情） 词汇变形 过去式/过去分词：overcame/overcome 名词形式：overcoming(克服) 构词解析 前缀over-:表“越过、超越”；词根come(“来”)。“越过障碍而来”→“克服”。 例句：She managed to overcome her fear of public speaking 真题链接（北师大版高中选修4完形填空）：With great effort,he__(overcome)the difficulty and succeeded..(答案：overcame) 6.decline/dr'klam/v.减少：降低：谢绝：n.下降；衰退 词汇变形 形容词形式：declining(下降的：衰退的) 构词解析 前缀de-:表“向下、减少”；词根clin(=bend“弯曲”，如incline“倾斜”)。“向下弯曲”一→“下降： 谢绝”。 2 高中选修4北师大版 【词汇精讲】 Unit 12:Innovation 例句：The number of tourists to the city has declined this year. 真题链接（北师大版高中选修4阅读理解）：We can see a__(decline)trend in the company's profits.(答案：declining) 7.cosmology /kDz'mwld3i/n.宇宙论：字宙学 词汇变形 词根关联：cosmic(宇宙的)：cosmos(宇宙) 构词解析 词根cos(=universe“宇宙”)：后缀-logy:表“学科、学问”（如biology“生物学”"）。“研究宇宙 的学科”→“宇宙学”。 例句：Cosmology studies the origin and development of the universe. 真题链接（北师大版高中选修4科普阅读）： (cosmic)radiation is an important topic in modern cosmology..(答案：Cosmic) 8.gravity/'graevati/n.重力：引力 词汇变形 形容词形式：grave(严重的；严肃的)：gravitational(重力的；引力的) 构词解析 词根grav(=heay“重的”)：后缀-ity:构成名词，表“性质、状态”。“重力的性质”→“重力”。 例句：Gravity keeps us on the surface of the Earth, 真题链接（北师大版高中选修4物理相关阅读）：Newton discovered the law of (gravitational). (答案：gravity) 9.bous/'baunas/n.意外收获：额外好处；奖金：红利 词汇变形 形容词形式：bonus(无固定形容词形式，常用additional“额外的”替代) 构词解析 词根bon(=good“好的”，如benign“良性的”)：后缀-us:名词后缀。“额外的好处”→“奖金；红 利”。 例句：The company gave all employees a Christmas bonus. 真题链接（北师大版高中选修4词汇应用）：As a(bonus)),we got free tickets to the concert.(答 案：bonus) l0.clueless/'klu:les/ad.一无所知的；一窍不通的 词汇变形 反义词：clued(知情的：有线索的) 构词解析 词根clue(“线索”)：后缀less:表“无…的”（反义后缀)。“没有线索的”→“一无所知的”。 例句：He was clueless about how to solve the math problem. 真题链接（北师大版高中选修4情景对话)：一Do you know where the library is'?一Sorry,.I'm (clue)here.(答案：clueless) 3 高中选修4北师大版 【词汇精讲】 Unit 12:Innovation 11.incubation/,Ikju'ben/n.孵化：潜伏期 词汇变形 动词形式：incubate(孵化：培养) 构词解析 前缀in-:表“在…内”；词根cub(=ie“躺”，如cube“立方体”原指“躺卧的石头”)；后缀 -atio:构成名词，表“动作、过程”。“（蛋）躺在里面（孵化）的过程”→“孵化”。 例句：The incubation period of the virus is about 14days. 真题链接（北师大版高中选修4科学小品）：The eggs need a warm environment to (incubation). (答案：incubate) 12.grand/graend/adj..宏伟的：壮丽的：隆重的 词汇变形 副词形式：grandly(宏伟地；隆重地) 名词形式：grandeur(宏伟；壮丽) 构词解析 词根grand(=great“大的、伟大的”)：后缀-y构成副词：-eur为名词后缀（法语来源，表“性质”）。 例句：The grand building stands at the center of the city. 真题链接（北师大版高中选修4阅读理解）：The(grandeur)of the palace impressed all the visitors. (答案：grandeur) 综合训练 一、 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.The (of new technology has changed our daily life greatly. 7.It's just a (理论的)study,we need to do some experiments. 8.The doctor said the_(潜伏期)of the disease is about7days. 9.We should make a careful (评估)before we invest money in this project.. 10.The (of the Great Wall attracts millions of tourists every year. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 6.With the help of her teacher,she finally (overcome)her shyness and made a speech. 7.The number of pandas in the wild has been(decline)in recent years. 8.We need to _(evaluation)the quality of the product before putting it into the market. 9 (theory),this method should work,but we need to test it in practice. 高中选修4北师大版 【词汇精讲】 Unit 12:Innovation 10.He was (clue)about how to use the new software,so he asked for help. 三、完成句子（每空一词） 4.太阳从云层后面出来，照亮了整个公园。 The sun behind the clouds and lit up the whole park 5.我们必须努力克服学习中遇到的困难。 We must try our best to the difficulties we meet in study. 6.巧合的是，我们都选择了同一个专业。 It was a_ that we all chose the same major. 7.这个理论上的问题需要我们深入讨论。 This problem needs us to discuss deeply. 8.公司的利润在过去几年里一直在下降。 The company's profits have beenin the past few years. 四、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Cosmology is a subject that studies the origin and development of the universe.Many scien- tists have made great contributions to it.Einstein's(theoretical)ideas have had a pro- found impact on this field.In the past,people were(clue)about the universe,but with the (emerge)of advanced telescopes,we have learned more.However,there are still many prob- lems to (overcome).For example,we need to(evaluation)the data we get from obser- vations. (coincidence),some recent studies have shown that the universe is still expanding. This has caused a (decline)in some old theories.The (incubation)of new ideas is very important for the development of cosmology. 参考答案 I根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.emergence 7.theoretical 8.incubation 9.evaluation 10.grandeur 工.用所给单词的适当形式填空 6.overcame 7.declining 8.evaluate 9.Theoretically 10.clueless 高中选修4北师大版 【词汇精讲】 Unit 12:Innovation III.完成句子 4.emerged from 5.overcome 6.coincidence 7.theoretical 8.declining V,语篇填空 1.theoretical 2.clueless 3.emergence 4.overcome 5.evaluate 6.Coincidently 7 decline 8.incubation 6