Unit8 现在完成时语法讲解及习题2025-2026学年鲁教版(五四学制）英语八年级上册

鲁教（五四学制）英语八上Unit8语法讲解及习题 现在完成时与 since / for 一、现在完成时（Present Perfect Tense） （一）核心用法：谈论持续的状态 1. 核心含义：表示一个动作或状态从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，并且可能还会继续下去。 2. 标志性词汇： for + 时间段：表示动作持续了多久（如 for three years, for two hours） since + 时间点/过去时句子：表示动作从何时开始（如 since 2009, since he was 10） 3. 例句： I've had this bike for three years. （这辆自行车我已经买了三年了。） He's owned it since his fourth birthday. （他从四岁生日起就拥有它了。） I haven't played football for a while now. （我已经有一阵子没踢足球了。） （二）for 与 since 的区别 词 含义 后接内容 例句 for 持续了…… 时间段（three days, ten years, a long time） - I've lived here for 10 years.（我在这里住了10年了。） since 自从……以来 时间点（2010, last week, yesterday）或一般过去时句子 - I've lived here since 2010.（我从2010年起就住在这里了。） - I've known her since we were children.（我们从小就认识。） （三）短暂性动词 vs 延续性动词 现在完成时与 for/since 连用时，短暂性动词（如 buy, die, leave, borrow）不能直接使用，需要转换为对应的延续性动词或状态： 短暂性动词 延续性表达 例句 buy (买) have (拥有) - I bought this bike in 2020. → I have had this bike since 2020.（我2020年买了这辆自行车。→ 我从2020年起就拥有它了。） leave (离开) be away (离开) - He left the town last year. → He has been away from the town for a year.（他去年离开了这座城镇。→ 他离开这座城镇已经一年了。） die (死) be dead (死) - His grandpa died 5 years ago. → His grandpa has been dead for 5 years.（他爷爷五年前去世了。→ 他爷爷已经去世五年了。） borrow (借) keep (保留) - I borrowed the book last week. → I have kept the book for a week.（我上周借了这本书。→ 我已经保留这本书一周了。） come (来) be in (在…) - He came to China last year. → He has been in China for a year.（他去年来到中国。→ 他在中国已经一年了。） go (去) be in (在…) - She went to Japan. → She has been in Japan for two weeks.（她去了日本。→ 她在日本已经两周了。） join (加入) be in / be a member of (是…一员) - He joined the army two years ago. → He has been in the army for two years.（他两年前参军。→ 他参军已经两年了。） begin / start (开始) be on (进行中) - The film started 10 minutes ago. → The film has been on for 10 minutes.（电影10分钟前开始。→ 电影已经开始10分钟了。） finish / end (结束) be over (结束) - The class finished just now. → The class has been over for 5 minutes.（课刚结束。→ 课已经结束5分钟了。） get up (起床) be up (起床) - I got up at 6:00. → I have been up for 2 hours.（我六点起床。→ 我已经起床两小时了。） 二、专项练习题 Ⅰ. 单项选择 (15题) 1. How long have you had that bike over there? I've had it ___________ three years. A. for B. since C. in D. at 2. How long has his son owned the train and railway set? He's owned it ___________ his fourth birthday. A. for B. since C. in D. at 3. I have a camera. I bought it in 2009. I ___________ this camera since 2009. A. have bought B. bought C. have had D. had 4. They are very hungry. Their last meal was ten hours ago. They ___________ very hungry for ten hours. A. are B. were C. have been D. have are 5. I know Anna. I first met her three years ago. I ___________ Anna for three years. A. have known B. know C. knew D. have knew 6. Linda is ill. She became ill on Monday. She ___________ ill since Monday. A. is B. was C. has been D. have been 7. I ___________ (never be) to the water park before. I want to ___________ (go) next month before the weather gets too cold. A. have never been; go B. never been; to go C. have never been; to go D. never been; go 8. They ___________ (never own) any pets, but they ___________ (always want) to have a dog. A. have never owned; always want B. never owned; always want C. have never owned; have always wanted D. never owned; have always wanted 9. We ___________ (have) a piano since last November. We ___________ (buy) it from the Li family when they moved to the US last year. A. have had; bought B. had; bought C. have had; have bought D. had; have bought 10. Cathy and Amy ___________ (not be) back to their hometown for two years. They ___________ (miss) their hometown a lot and hope to visit the place next year. A. haven't been; miss B. haven't been; missed C. aren't; miss D. aren't; missed 11. This museum ___________ (be) here for over 20 years. It ___________ (be) one of the oldest buildings in this small town. A. has been; is B. is; is C. has been; has been D. is; has been 12. Jim is in Japan. He arrived there three days ago. Jim ___________ in Japan for three days. A. is B. was C. has been D. have been 13. How long ___________ you ___________ (have) that bike over there? A. have; had B. have; have C. did; have D. are; having 14. He ___________ (own) the train and railway set since his fourth birthday. A. owns B. owned C. has owned D. have owned 15. I haven't played football for a while now. I ___________ football for a while now. A. played B. have played C. haven't played D. didn't play Ⅱ. 用所给词的适当形式填空 (10题) 16. Jim is in Japan. He arrived there three days ago. Jim ___________ (be) in Japan for three days. 17. They are very hungry. Their last meal was ten hours ago. They ___________ (be) very hungry for ten hours. 18. I have a camera. I bought it in 2009. I ___________ (have) this camera since 2009. 19. I know Anna. I first met her three years ago. I ___________ (know) Anna for three years. 20. Linda is ill. She became ill on Monday. She ___________ (be) ill since Monday. 21. I ___________ (never be) to the water park before. I want to ___________ (go) next month before the weather gets too cold. 22. They ___________ (never own) any pets, but they ___________ (always want) to have a dog. 23. We ___________ (have) a piano since last November. We ___________ (buy) it from the Li family when they moved to the US last year. 24. Cathy and Amy ___________ (not be) back to their hometown for two years. They ___________ (miss) their hometown a lot and hope to visit the place next year. 25. This museum ___________ (be) here for over 20 years. It ___________ (be) one of the oldest buildings in this small town. Ⅲ. 句型转换 (5题) 26. Jim is in Japan. He arrived there three days ago. (改为同义句) _________________________________________________________________ 27. They are very hungry. Their last meal was ten hours ago. (改为同义句) _________________________________________________________________ 28. I have a camera. I bought it in 2009. (改为同义句) _________________________________________________________________ 29. I know Anna. I first met her three years ago. (改为同义句) _________________________________________________________________ 30. Linda is ill. She became ill on Monday. (改为同义句) _________________________________________________________________ Ⅳ. 情景对话 (5题) 根据上下文，用合适的句子补全对话。 A: Hi, Amy. How long have you had that old bike? B: 31. _________________________________________________________ (我已经拥有它超过10年了。) A: Wow! Why are you selling it? B: 32. __________________________________________________________ (因为我不再骑它了。) A: What about your old toys? Are you going to sell them too? B: No, I want to keep them. 33. ___________________________________________________________________ (它们能唤起美好的回忆。) A: That's true. 34. _________________________________________________________________ (你拥有这本最喜欢的书多久了？) B: I've had it for seven years. I've read it three times. A: 35. ___________________________________________________________ (你为什么要卖掉它？) B: Because I don't read it anymore. 三、答案与解析 Ⅰ. 单项选择 (15题) 1. A. for 解析：three years 是时间段，用 for。 2. B. since 解析：his fourth birthday 是时间点，用 since。 3. C. have had 解析：buy 是短暂性动词，与 since 连用时需转换为延续性动词 have。 4. C. have been 解析：for ten hours 表示持续状态，用现在完成时。 5. A. have known 解析：for three years 表示持续状态，用现在完成时。 6. C. has been 解析：since Monday 表示从过去持续到现在，用现在完成时。 7. A. have never been; go 解析：before 是现在完成时的标志词；want to do sth. 表示“想要做某事”。 8. C. have never owned; have always wanted 解析：never 与现在完成时连用；always want 表示一直以来的愿望。 9. A. have had; bought 解析：since last November 用现在完成时；last year 用一般过去时。 10. A. haven't been; miss 解析：for two years 用现在完成时；miss 表示现在的感受，用一般现在时。 11. A. has been; is 解析：for over 20 years 用现在完成时；描述客观事实用一般现在时。 12. C. has been 解析：for three days 表示持续状态，用现在完成时。 13. A. have; had 解析：现在完成时的特殊疑问句结构是疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词。 14. C. has owned 解析：since his fourth birthday 用现在完成时。 15. C. haven't played 解析：原句是否定句，保持否定形式。 Ⅱ. 用所给词的适当形式填空 (10题) 【答案+解析】 16. has been 解析：for three days 表示从过去持续到现在，用现在完成时，Jim 是单数，用 has been。 17. have been 解析：for ten hours 表示持续状态，用现在完成时，they 是复数，用 have been。 18. have had 解析：since 2009 是现在完成时标志，buy 是短暂动词，要换成延续性动词 have。 19. have known 解析：for three years 表示持续状态，用现在完成时，know 的过去分词是 known。 20. has been 解析：since Monday 表示从过去持续到现在，用现在完成时，Linda 是单数，用 has been。 21. have never been; go 解析：before 是现在完成时标志；want to 后面接动词原形 go。 22. have never owned; have always wanted 解析：never 和 always 常与现在完成时连用，表示经历和持续的想法。 23. have had; bought 解析：since last November 用现在完成时；last year 是过去时间，用一般过去时。 24. haven't been; miss 解析：for two years 用现在完成时；miss 表示现在的感受，用一般现在时。 25. has been; is 解析：for over 20 years 用现在完成时；描述客观事实用一般现在时。 Ⅲ. 句型转换 (5题) 27. They have been very hungry for ten hours. 28. I have had this camera since 2009. 29. I have known Anna for three years. 30. She has been ill since Monday. Ⅳ. 情景对话 (5题) 31. I've had it for more than 10 years. 32. Because I don't ride it anymore. 33. They bring back sweet memories. 34. How long have you had this favorite book? 35. Why are you selling it? ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $