内容正文:
鲁教(五四学制)英语八上Unit5语法讲解及习题
形容词和副词的比较级、最高级与大数表达
一、形容词和副词的比较级与最高级
(一)比较级(Comparative)
1. 核心含义:用于两者之间的比较,表示“更……”。
2. 基本结构:
A + be/动词 + 比较级 + than + B
例:Qomolangma is higher than any other mountain.
(珠穆朗玛峰比其他任何山都高。)
China is much older than the US.
(中国比美国古老得多。)
3. 常见修饰词:much, a lot, a little, even, far
例:It's a little longer than the Yangtze River.
(它比长江稍微长一点。)
(二)最高级(Superlative)
1. 核心含义:用于三者或三者以上的比较,表示“最……”。
2. 基本结构:
A + be/动词 + the + 最高级 + 范围(in/of/among...)
例:The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.
(撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。)
The Caspian Sea is the deepest of all the salt lakes.
(里海是所有咸水湖中最深的。)
He is the tallest among the three boys.
(他是三个男孩中最高的。)
3. 常见结构:one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词
例:It's one of the most popular places for serious mountain climbers.
(它是专业登山者最喜爱的地方之一。)
(三)原级比较(as...as)
1. 核心含义:表示两者在某方面程度相同或不同。
2. 基本结构:
A + be/动词 + as + 原级 + as + B(和……一样)
A + be/动词 + not as/so + 原级 + as + B(不如……)
例:No ocean in the world is as big as the Pacific Ocean.
(世界上没有海洋和太平洋一样大。)
(四)变化规则
类别
规则
例词
单音节词
直接加 -er / -est
long → longer(更长) → longest(最长)
high → higher(更高) → highest(最高)
以e结尾
加 -r / -st
nice → nicer(更好) → nicest(最好)
重读闭音节
双写末尾辅音字母加 -er / -est
big → bigger(更大) → biggest(最大)
thin → thinner(更瘦) → thinnest(最瘦)
双音节词
以 y 结尾:变 y 为 i 加 -er / -est
easy → easier(更容易) → easiest(最容易)
heavy → heavier(更重) → heaviest(最重)
多音节词
前面加 more / most
popular → more popular(更受欢迎) → most popular(最受欢迎)
不规则变化
特殊变化
good → better(更好) → best(最好)
well → better(更好) → best(最好)
bad → worse(更差) → worst(最差)
ill → worse(更差) → worst(最差)
many → more(更多) → most(最多)
much → more(更多) → most(最多)
little → less(更少) → least(最少)
far → farther(更远,指距离) → farthest(最远,指距离)
far → further(更进一步,指程度) → furthest(最深远,指程度)
old → older(更老,指年龄) → oldest(最老,指年龄)
old → elder(更年长,指兄弟姐妹) → eldest(最年长,指兄弟姐妹)
二、范围介词 in / of / among 的区别
介词
用法
例句
in
表示在某个大环境、范围或地点内部,后接单数名词或集合名词。
- He is the tallest in his class. (他是班里最高的。)
- The Nile is the longest river in the world. (尼罗河是世界上最长的河流。)
of
表示在同一类事物的整体之中,后接复数名词或代词。
- The Caspian Sea is the deepest of all the salt lakes. (里海是所有咸水湖中最深的。) - She is the best of the three students. (她是三个学生中最好的。)
among
表示在三者或三者以上的人或物之间,后接复数名词或代词,强调“在……之中”。
- He is the tallest among the three boys. (他是三个男孩中最高的。) - The song is the most popular among young people. (这首歌在年轻人中最受欢迎。)
三、大数表达(Large Numbers)
1. 读法规则:
从右往左每三位加一个逗号,分别读作 thousand(千)、million(百万)、billion(十亿)。
例:8,848.86 → eight thousand eight hundred and forty-eight point eight six
(八千八百四十八点八六)
例:9,600,000 → nine million six hundred thousand
(九百六十万)
2. 常见单位:
meter (米), kilometer (千米), square kilometer (平方千米), deep (深), high (高), long (长)
例:The Caspian Sea is 1,025 meters deep.
(里海深1025米。)
例:The Nile is 6,671 kilometers long.
(尼罗河长6671千米。)
四、专项练习题
Ⅰ. 单项选择 (15题)
1. Qomolangma is __________ than any other mountain in the world.
A. high B. higher C. highest D. the highest
2. The Sahara is __________ desert in the world.
A. big B. bigger C. biggest D. the biggest
3. The Caspian Sea is __________ of all the salt lakes.
A. deep B. deeper C. deepest D. the deepest
4. The Nile is __________ river in the world.
A. long B. longer C. longest D. the longest
5. The Amazon River is one of the __________ rivers in the world.
A. long B. longer C. longest D. the longest
6. It's a little __________ than the Yangtze River.
A. long B. longer C. longest D. the longest
7. Qomolangma is 8,848.86 meters __________.
A. high B. higher C. highest D. the highest
8. It's one of the most __________ places for serious mountain climbers.
A. popular B. more popular C. most popular D. the most popular
9. No ocean in the world is as __________ as the Pacific Ocean.
A. big B. bigger C. biggest D. the biggest
10. Although Japan is __________ than Canada, it is __________ smaller.
A. old; much B. older; much C. oldest; more D. the oldest; more
11. China is much __________ than the US.
A. old B. older C. oldest D. the oldest
12. The Yangtze River is almost as __________ as the Amazon River.
A. long B. longer C. longest D. the longest
13. The Amazon is longer than the Yangtze, but the Yangtze is the __________ river in China.
A. long B. longer C. longest D. the longest
14. What's the __________ mountain in the world?
A. high B. higher C. highest D. the highest
15. Which is the __________ salt lake in the world?
A. deep B. deeper C. deepest D. the deepest
Ⅱ. 用所给词的适当形式填空 (10题)
16. The Amazon River is one of the __________ (long) rivers in the world.
17. It's a little __________ (long) than the Yangtze River.
18. Qomolangma is 8,848.86 meters __________ (high).
19. It's one of the most __________ (popular) places for serious mountain climbers.
20. No ocean in the world is as __________ (big) as the Pacific Ocean.
21. Although Japan is __________ (old) than Canada, it is __________ (much) smaller.
22. The Sahara is __________ (big) desert in the world.
23. The Caspian Sea is __________ (deep) of all the salt lakes.
24. The Nile is __________ (long) river in the world.
25. China is much __________ (old) than the US.
Ⅲ. 句型转换 (5题)
26. Qomolangma is higher than any other mountain in the world. (改为同义句)
Qomolangma is __________ __________ mountain in the world.
27. The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. (改为一般疑问句)
__________ the Sahara __________ biggest desert in the world?
28. The Caspian Sea is the deepest of all the salt lakes. (对划线部分提问)
__________ is the deepest of all the salt lakes?
29. The Nile is 6,671 kilometers long. (对划线部分提问)
__________ __________ is the Nile?
30. China is much older than the US. (改为同义句)
The US is much __________ than China.
Ⅳ. 情景对话 (5题)
根据上下文,用合适的句子补全对话。
A: 31. __________ (世界上最高的山是什么?)
B: Qomolangma.
A: 32. __________ (珠穆朗玛峰有多高?)
B: It's 8,848.86 meters high. It's higher than any other mountain.
A: 33. __________ (世界上最深的咸水湖是哪个?)
B: The Caspian Sea. It's the deepest of all the salt lakes.
A: 34. __________ (中国是世界上最古老的国家之一吗?)
B: Yes, it is. It's much older than the US.
A: 35. __________ (亚马逊河和长江哪个更长?)
B: The Amazon is longer than the Yangtze, but the Yangtze is the longest river in China.
五、答案与解析
Ⅰ. 单项选择 (15题)
1. B. higher
解析:than 是比较级的标志词,high 的比较级是 higher。
2. D. the biggest
解析:in the world 表示范围,用最高级,big 的最高级是 the biggest。
3. D. the deepest
解析:of all the salt lakes 表示范围,用最高级,deep 的最高级是 the deepest。
4. D. the longest
解析:in the world 表示范围,用最高级,long 的最高级是 the longest。
5. C. longest
解析:one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词,表示“最……之一”。
6. B. longer
解析:than 是比较级的标志词,long 的比较级是 longer。
7. A. high
解析:表示具体高度用原级 high。
8. A. popular
解析:most 前面已经有 the,所以后面用原级 popular 构成最高级。
9. A. big
解析:as...as 中间用原级。
10. B. older; much
解析:than 是比较级的标志词,old 的比较级是 older;much 可以修饰比较级 smaller。
11. B. older
解析:than 是比较级的标志词,old 的比较级是 older。
12. A. long
解析:as...as 中间用原级。
13. C. longest
解析:in China 表示范围,用最高级,前面已经有 the,所以用 longest。
14. C. highest
解析:in the world 表示范围,用最高级,前面已经有 the,所以用 highest。
15. C. deepest
解析:in the world 表示范围,用最高级,前面已经有 the,所以用 deepest。
Ⅱ. 用所给词的适当形式填空 (10题)
16. longest
17. longer
18. high
19. popular
20. big
21. older; much
22. the biggest
23. the deepest
24. the longest
25. older
Ⅲ. 句型转换 (5题)
26. the highest
解析:“比其他任何山都高”即“最高的山”。
27. Is; the
解析:含 be 动词的句子变一般疑问句,将 be 动词提前。
28. Which
解析:对事物提问用 which。
29. How long
解析:对长度提问用 how long。
30. younger
解析:“中国比美国古老”即“美国比中国年轻”。
Ⅳ. 情景对话 (5题)
31. What's the highest mountain in the world?
32. How high is Qomolangma?
33. Which is the deepest salt lake in the world?
34. Is China one of the oldest countries in the world?
35. Which is longer, the Amazon River or the Yangtze River?
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