Unit 2 Section Ⅳ Extended reading&Project&Assessment-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（译林版）

该高中英语课件围绕“外来词”主题，系统呈现借词现象、成因、过程及文化态度，通过例句分析（如含多语言借词的句子）导入，结合词汇注释、语法解析搭建学习支架，衔接预习与互动探究，帮助学生构建从现象到本质的认知脉络。 其亮点在于融合语言能力、文化意识与思维品质，通过“kung fu”等借词实例分析文化互动，结合“the+比较级”句型和强调句型提升语言表达，设置语篇理解与分层练习。学生能提升跨文化沟通能力，教师可通过系统练习巩固教学效果。

Unit 2　Understanding each other Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment 内容索引 整体预习 1 语篇理解 2 课时精练 5 夯实双基 3 互动探究 4 整体预习 返回 ①tofu n．豆腐 ②come as no surprise不足为奇 ③bacon n．咸猪肉，熏猪肉 ④tank n．坦克；(贮放液体或气体的)罐 ⑤golf n．高尔夫球运动 原文呈现 名师圈点 Borrowed words 　　“The restaurant's fried tofu① is delicious.” Is there anything special about this sentence? Well，all the words except “the” and “is” are borrowed from other languages! This comes as no surprise②，given that English has borrowed words from more than 300 different languages，including Latin，Greek，French and Chinese[1].　However，English is not alone in borrowing words from other languages—borrowed words can be found in almost all languages.For example，English words that are borrowed into the Chinese language[2] include “bacon③”，“tank④” and “golf⑤”． [1]given that引导原因状语从句，given that意为“考虑到，鉴于”。 [2]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词English words。 ⑦interact v．互动；相互作用；交流 ⑧native tongue母语 ⑨phenomenon n．现象 ⑩globalization n．全球化 原文呈现 名师圈点 　　Word borrowing comes about⑥ when two cultures with different languages interact⑦.This tends to happen when there is no suitable word for an object or idea in the native tongue⑧.This phenomenon⑨ has been occurring for thousands of years.In the current age of globalization⑩，when communications technology brings different cultures closer together，words are even more likely to be borrowed straight from the source language at a faster pace than ever before，especially those related to technological developments，such as “email” and “Internet”． ⑪integrate vt.&vi.(使)合并；(使)加入 ⑫bilingual adj.会说两种语言的；用两种语言(写)的 ⑬unknowingly adv.未意识到地，不知不觉地，无意中 ⑭kung fu n．功夫 ⑮refer to 指的是 原文呈现 名师圈点 　　Though borrowing words has become faster，the process is still complex，and it takes time before new words are integrated⑪ into everyday speech.At first，the borrowed word is only used by bilingual⑫ speakers.It then spreads to people who do not know the original language[3]，and they will change the pronunciation to fit the way they speak，almost unknowingly⑬.An example of this is the word “kung fu⑭”，which refers to⑮ Chinese martial arts[4].This word comes from Chinese gongfu.Over time，the sounds that are difficult to pronounce[5] have been replaced with more familiar ones.The longer a borrowed word has been in use，the more it sounds and even looks like the native language[6]. [3]who引导定语从句，修饰先行词people。 [4]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the word “kung fu”。 [5]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the sounds。 [6]本句为“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”句型。 ⑯oppose vt.反对，抵制；与……对垒 ⑰intervention n．干涉行为，干预 ⑱pure adj.纯净的；完全的 ⑲tribe n．部落 ⑳reject vt.拒绝接受，不予考虑；不录用；排斥，排异 原文呈现 名师圈点 　　Borrowed words are an outcome of language development that can hardly be avoided[7]，but some language communities oppose⑯ adopting words from other cultures.There are countries that make interventions⑰ to keep their native language pure⑱ in order to defend their identity.The French specifically have an official organization that creates new words[8] in order to avoid borrowed words. Some languages have an extremely small number of speakers，such as the Native American Navajo language，used only by the members of the tribe⑲[9].Under this circumstance，it becomes a matter of survival for the native language to reject⑳ outside influences. [7]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词an outcome of language development。 [8]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词an official organization。 [9]过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词the Native American Navajo language。 ㉑pessimistic adj.悲观的，悲观主义的 be pessimistic about 对于……感到悲观 ㉒be based on 以……为基础/根据 ㉓Germanic adj.日耳曼语的；德国的 原文呈现 名师圈点 　　While some communities are pessimistic about㉑ the exchange between languages，there are also other communities that readily welcome borrowed words[10].　English，especially，is based on㉒ a mix of Latin，Greek and Germanic㉓ languages.The English-speaking community does not hesitate about absorbing foreign words into its daily vocabulary. [10]本句为主从复合句。句中while引导让步状语从句，while意为“尽管，虽然”；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词other communities。 ㉔restriction n．限制，约束 原文呈现 名师圈点 In fact，there have never been any formal academic restrictions㉔ on new borrowed words.　Borrowing words allows the language to continue to develop，enabling the community to have a more efficient language which makes it possible for them to share their experiences with new-found ease[11].It is also through those words that novel ideas are spread and different beliefs are exchanged more conveniently and quickly[12]. [11]动词-ing形式短语作结果状语，表示“自然而然”的结果，其中which引导定语从句，修饰先行词a more efficient language，定语从句中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为动词不定式短语to share...ease。 [12]本句为强调句型，强调through those words。 ㉕linguist n．语言学家；通晓数国语言的人 ㉖isolated adj.孤立的；单独的；偏远的 ㉗for better or for worse不管是好是坏，不管结果如何 ㉘tendency n．趋势，趋向；倾向，偏好 ㉙go out of style 过时 原文呈现 名师圈点 　　According to the linguist㉕ Edward Sapir，“It would be difficult to point to a completely isolated㉖ language...” For better or for worse㉗，the tendency㉘ to borrow words has never gone out of style㉙.The more international and globalized the world becomes，the more language characteristics will be shared between nations and cultures[13]. [13]本句为“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”句型。 译文参考 外来词 “这家餐馆的炸豆腐很美味。”这句话有什么特别的地方吗？嗯，除了“the”和“is”之外，所有的单词都是从其他语言借来的！这并不奇怪，因为英语借用了300多种不同语言的词汇，包括拉丁语、希腊语、法语和汉语。然而，英语并不是唯一一种从其他语言借词的语言，几乎所有语言中都可以找到借词。例如，源自英语的汉语单词包括“培根” (bacon)，“坦克” (tank)和“高尔夫”(golf)。 当两种不同语言的文化相互作用时，就会产生词语借用。当母语中没有合适的词语来表达某个物体或想法时，这种现象就会发生。这种现象已经发生了数千年。在当今全球化时代，当通信技术使不同文化更紧密地联系在一起时，词语借用就会发生甚至比以往任何时候都更快地直接从源语言中借用，特别是那些与技术发展有关的，如“电子邮件”和“互联网”。 虽然借词已变得更快，但是过程仍然很复杂，而且新词需要一段时间才能融入日常用语中。起初，借词只供双语使用者使用。然后，它传播到不懂源语言的人身上，他们会改变发音以适应他们的说话方式，几乎是在不知不觉中。一个例子就是“功夫”，它指的是中国的武术。这个词来自汉语“功夫” 。随着时间的推移，难发的发音被更熟悉的发音所取代。借词使用的时间越长，听起来甚至看起来越像母语。 虽然外来词是语言发展几乎不可避免的结果，但是一些语言使用者群体反对从其他文化中吸收词汇。有些国家为了捍卫自己的特征，采取干预措施保持母语的纯正。法国人就专门成立了一个官方组织来创造新词，以避免外来词。有些语言的使用者非常少，例如美洲土著的纳瓦霍语，只供部落成员使用。在这种情况下，母语拒绝外来影响就成了生死攸关的问题。 虽然有些群体对语言之间的互借感到悲观，然而有些语言对外来词持欣然欢迎的态度。尤其是英语，它是以拉丁语、希腊语和日耳曼语的混合语言为基础的。英语社区毫不犹豫地将外来词吸收到日常词汇中。事实上，有对新借词没有任何正式的学术限制。借词使得语言继续发展，使社区能够有一种更有效的语言，使他们轻松地分享自己的经验变得可能。也正是通过那些词，新思想的传播、不同观点的交流得以更加便捷。 返回 根据语言学家爱德华·萨皮尔的说法，“很难指出一种完全孤立的语言……”。不管是好是坏，借用词汇的趋势从未过时。世界越是国际化和全球化，国家和文化之间共享的语言特征就越多。 语篇理解 返回 一、整体理解 Match the paragraphs with the main ideas. Para. 1　 A．The pessimistic attitude about word borrowing. Para. 2 B．The process of word borrowing. Para. 3 C．Borrowed words can be found in almost all languages. Para. 4 D．The tendency to borrow words has never gone out of style.　 Para. 5 E．How does word borrowing happen? Para. 6　 F．The optimistic attitude about word borrowing. 二、细节理解 Read the text carefully and choose the best answers. 1．Which of the following English words is borrowed from Chinese? A．Bacon. B．Golf. C．Kung fu. D．Internet. 2．Why does words borrowing happen all the time in the history? A．Because it can meet the needs of mutual interaction. B．Because it happens because of technological developments. C．Because words can be borrowed straight from the source language faster than before. D．Because people in two different cultures like to communicate with each other. √ √ 3．Who will first use the borrowed words before it is widely used? A．Scientists. B．Bilingual speakers. C．The ordinary people. D．Linguists. 4．Why does France oppose adopting words from other cultures? A．To keep French pure. B．To reject outside influences. C．To ensure the survival of French. D．To show the French's pride in their mother tongue. 5．What is the author's attitude towards borrowing words in English? A．Pessimistic. B．Doubtful. C．Indifferent. D．Optimistic. √ √ √ 三、难句解构 1．It then spreads to people who do not know the original language，and they will change the pronunciation to fit the way they speak，almost unknowingly. 句式分析　本句为主从复合句。who引导_____从句，修饰先行词people；动词不定式短语to fit...作_________，其中they speak为定语从句修饰先行词the way。 尝试翻译　______________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 定语 目的状语 然后，它传播到不懂源语言的人身上，他们会改变发音以适应他们的说话方式，几乎是在不知不觉中。 2．While some communities are pessimistic about the exchange between languages，there are also other communities that readily welcome borrowed words. 句式分析　本句为主从复合句。句中while引导_________从句，while意为“___________”；that引导_____从句，修饰先行词other languages。 尝试翻译　______________________________________________________ __________________________________ 让步状语 尽管，虽然 定语 虽然有些群体对语言之间的互借感到悲观，然而有些语言对外来词持欣然欢迎的态度。 3．Borrowing words allows the language to continue to develop，enabling the community to have a more efficient language which makes it possible for them to share their experiences with new-found ease. 句式分析　本句为主从复合句。其中动词-ing形式短语enabling the community to have a more efficient language在句中作_________，表示“自然而然”的结果；which引导_____从句，修饰名词a more efficient language。 尝试翻译　______________________________________________________ ____________________________________ 结果状语 定语 借词使得语言继续发展，使社区能够有一种更有效的语言，使他们轻松地分享自己的经验变得可能。 返回 夯实双基 返回 1．______ the proposals　　　 拒绝这些提议 2．a ___________ view of life 对生活持悲观态度 3．the school _______ 学校食堂 4．put up a new _____ 搭建一个新的篱笆 5．a singing _______ 歌咏比赛 核心单词 reject pessimistic canteen fence contest 1．__________ n．偏爱；偏爱的事物 →prefer vt.更喜欢 2．___________ adj.窘迫的，尴尬的；拮据的 →embarrass vt.使尴尬，使难堪 → embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的，令人难堪的 →embarrassment n．尴尬，难为情 3．_________ n．意图，计划 →intend vt.计划，打算 4．__________ vi.类似于；相一致，符合；通信 →correspondence n．一致，符合；通信联系；往来书信 →corresponding adj.符合的，相应的，相关的 拓展单词 preference embarrassed intention correspond 5．________vi.&vt.表现得体，有礼貌；表现 →behavior n．举止，行为 6．________ vt.容许，允许；忍受，容忍；能经受 →tolerance n．容忍；忍受；宽容 →tolerant adj.宽容的；容忍的；忍受的；能耐……的 7．______ vt.吟诵；列举 →recitation n．朗诵；朗读；逐一列举；逐个叙述 8．______ adj.(尤指外语)流利的，熟练的 →fluency n．流畅，熟练 →fluently adv.流利地；流畅地 behave tolerate recite fluent 9．___________vi.合作，协作；协助，配合 →cooperation n．合作，协作 →cooperative adj.合作的，协作的；同心协力的 10．_________ vt.&vi.(使)合并；(使)加入 →integrated adj.各部分配合好的；综合的；完整的 →integration n．结合；综合；融合 11．_______ vt.反对，抵制；与……对垒 →opposed adj.强烈反对的；截然不同的 →opposing adj.对立的；相竞争的；对抗的 →opposition n．反对；反对党；反抗，对抗；(事业、竞赛、游戏等的)对手，竞争者 cooperate integrate oppose 12．_____ adj.纯净的；完全的 →purity n．纯洁；洁净 13．_______ vt.拒绝接受，不予考虑；不录用；排斥，排异 →rejection n．拒绝，否决 14．_________ n．趋势，趋向；倾向，偏好 →tend vt.易于做某事，往往会发生某事 15．__________ adv.真诚地，诚实地 →sincere adj.真诚的，诚挚的，诚恳的 →sincerity n．真挚，诚心诚意 pure reject tendency sincerely 第一组　汉译英 1．指的是　　　　　　　 _________ 2．对于……感到悲观 ______________________ 3．以……为基础/根据 _____________ 4．过时 __________________ 重点短语 refer to be pessimistic about be based on go out of style 第二组　英译汉 5．come as no surprise _________ 6．come about ___________ 7．native tongue _____ 8．for better or for worse ___________________________ 不足为奇 产生，发生 母语 不管是好是坏，不管结果如何 根据课文语境和汉语提示补全句子 1．“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”句型 _____________________________________(外来词使用的时间越长)，the more it sounds and even looks like the native language. 2．keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语 There are countries that make interventions to ___________________________ (保持母语的纯正) in order to defend their identity. 3．强调句型 _____________________________(也正是通过那些词) novel ideas are spread and different beliefs are exchanged more conveniently and quickly. 典型句式 The longer a borrowed word has been in use keep their native language pure It is also through those words that 返回 互动探究 返回 integrate vt.&vi.(使)合并；(使)加入 (教材原句)Though borrowing words has become faster，the process is still complex，and it takes time before new words are integrated into everyday speech. 虽然借词已变得更快，但是过程仍然很复杂，而且新词需要一段时间才能融入日常用语中。 (1)integrate (sb/sth) into...　 (使某人/物)融进/加入…… integrate A and/with B 将A和B合并/融合 (2) integrated adj. 各部分配合好的；综合的；完整的 (3)integration n. 结合；综合；融合 佳句　They have not made any effort to integrate with the local community. 他们完全没有尝试融入本地社区。 核心词汇精研 1 ◎练透——单句语法填空 ①China will step up the __________ (integrate) development of online and offline shopping，and nurture new consumption trends. ②Effective measures have been taken to speed up the ___________ (integrate) of rural e-commerce and express delivery systems. ◎写美——微写作 ③It is important _______________________________． 把理论和实践结合在一起很重要。 integrated integration to integrate theory and/with practice 2 oppose vt.反对，抵制；与……对垒 (教材原句)Borrowed words are an outcome of language development that can hardly be avoided，but some language communities oppose adopting words from other cultures. 虽然外来词是语言发展几乎不可避免的结果，但是一些语言使用者群体反对从其他文化中吸收词汇。 (1) oppose (doing) sth　 反对/抵制(做)某事 (2)opposed adj. 反对的；相反的 be opposed to (doing) sth 反对(做)某事 佳句　Another reason why I oppose going abroad for studies is that it would cost a considerable sum of money. 我反对出国留学的另一个原因是这要花费相当一大笔钱。 ◎练透——单句语法填空 ①The local residents strongly oppose ________ (build) a chemical factory in this area. ②My parents were strongly opposed __ me working there so I quit my job and returned to my hometown in 2016. ◎写美——一句多译 我必须说，我坚决反对这个建议。 ③I must say that I ________________ the proposal. ④I must say that I _________________________ the proposal. building to strongly oppose am strongly opposed to 3 pessimistic adj.悲观的，悲观主义的 (教材原句)While some communities are pessimistic about the exchange between languages，there are also other communities that readily welcome borrowed words. 虽然有些群体对语言之间的互借感到悲观，然而有些语言对外来词持欣然欢迎的态度。 (1)be pessimistic about　　 对……感到悲观 (2)pessimism n. 悲观；悲观情绪；悲观主义 (3)pessimistically adv. 悲观地 佳句　They appeared surprisingly pessimistic about their chances of winning. 他们对胜利的可能性显得出奇地悲观。 ◎练透——单句语法填空 ①More Americans are pessimistic _____ the U．S. economy than they used to be six years ago. ②Unreasonable __________ (pessimistic) will be of no help in understanding the reality. ③Some people even _______________ (pessimistic) think that in general the trend of people's health is decreasing. ◎写美——微写作 ④There is no reason for anyone ____________________________． 任何人都没有理由对未来感到悲观。 about pessimism pessimistically to be pessimistic about the future 4 tendency n．趋势，趋向；倾向，偏好 (教材原句)For better or for worse，the tendency to borrow words has never gone out of style. 不管是好是坏，借用词汇的趋势从未过时。 (1) a tendency to do sth　　　　　　 做某事的趋势 there is a tendency (for sb) to do sth (某人)有做某事的倾向 (2)tend vt. 易于做某事，往往会发生某事 tend to do sth 易于做某事，往往会做某事 tend (to) sb 照顾某人 tend to/towards 倾向于，趋于 佳句　I have a tendency to talk too much when I'm nervous. 我紧张时总爱唠叨。 ◎练透——单句语法填空 ①The main consumer group，those aged 25-34，has a higher tendency ____________ (purchase) advertising brands on smart TV. ②She is so energetic that whenever I see her，I tend __________ (forget) she is over 60 years old. ③Personally，I tend ___________ the second plan that you offered，because it is much easier than the first one. ◎写美——微写作 ④There is ____________________________ at home instead of in offices. 人们倾向于在家里而不是在办公室里工作。 to purchase to forget to/towards a tendency for people to work 重点句型解构 1 句型公式：“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”句型 (教材原句)The longer a borrowed word has been in use，the more it sounds and even looks like the native language. 外来词使用的时间越长，它听起来甚至看起来越像母语。 “the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”句型意为“越……，越……”，表示后者随着前者的变化而变化，前一个“the＋比较级”通常相当于比较状语从句或条件状语从句(在表示将来意义时，从句用一般现在时表示将来)，后一个“the＋比较级”通常相当于主句。 佳句　The harder you work，the greater progress you will make. 你越用功，进步就越大。 ◎练透——单句语法填空 ①The more she thought about it，the _______________ (depressed) she became. ② The ______ (few) fish there are in the pond，the harder it is to catch one. ③The more we know each other，the ______ (well) we understand each other. ◎写美——微写作 ④________________ you read，____________________ you'll gain. 你读的书越多，你就会获得越多的知识。 more depressed fewer better The more books the more knowledge 2 句型公式：强调句型 (教材原句)It is also through those words that novel ideas are spread and different beliefs are exchanged more conveniently and quickly. 也正是通过那些词，新思想的传播、不同观点的交流得以更加便捷。 强调句型基本结构： (1)陈述句式：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who(强调部分为主语，指人)＋句子其余部分。 (2)一般疑问句式：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其余部分？ (3)特殊疑问句式：特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that＋句子其余部分？ (4)含有not...until...的句式：It is/was not until＋强调部分＋that＋句子其余部分。 佳句　First of all，it is learning more about the history of Chinese modern drama in advance that is of great importance. 首先，提前学一些有关中国现代戏剧的历史非常重要。 名师点津　强调句型的判断：将强调句结构中的It is/was...that/who...去掉，如果句子所剩下的部分不缺少任何成分，仍是一个完整的句子，这个句子就是强调句，否则就是其他从句。 ◎练透——句型转换 ①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)The artist's reputation had made him proud. →_________________________ that had made him proud.(强调句子主语) ②I didn't realize that she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. →____________________________________________________ she was a famous film star.(强调until引导的时间状语从句) ③It was in the park that they met each other for the first time. →________________ they met each other for the first time？(改为特殊疑问句) It was the artist's reputation It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized that Where was it that ◎写美——微写作 ④We believe that ______________________________________ we can save resources and protect the environment. 我们相信正是通过利用可循环利用的垃圾，我们能够节省资源，保护环境。 it is by making use of recyclable garbage that 维度一　单词拼写 1．You must walk carefully in the rain，or you will be likely to ____(滑倒)． 2．The spelling _______(比赛，竞赛)will take place at our school next week. 3．These shirts are comfortable to wear because they are made from 100% _____(完全的)cotton. 4．As a _____(篱笆)needs the support of stakes，so an able man needs the help of others. 5．A _______(食堂)is a place in a factory，company，or school where meals are served to the people who work or study there. 随堂演练 slip contest pure fence canteen 维度二　单句语法填空 1．There is a growing ________ (tend) for people to return to the hometown to start their business. 2．We _________ (sincere) hope we can establish business relationship with all of you. 3．His application _____________ (reject) last week because they said he was over age. 4．You will never succeed unless you get rid of your ___________ (pessimistic)． 5．The marine ecosystem is a highly __________ (integrate) and delicate system. tendency sincerely was rejected pessimism integrated 维度三　完成句子 1．___________________ you are，___________________ you will make. 你越粗心，犯的错就越多。 2．________________________ I got to know Tom. 我正是在中国认识的汤姆。 3．He didn't _____________________________ the Italian way of life. 他没有成功地融入到意大利的生活方式中。 The more careless the more mistakes It was in China that 返回 integrate successfully into 课时精练 返回 维度一　根据汉语或首字母提示填入单词的适当形式 1．I can tell from his ______(口音)that he is from the northern part of China. 2．His parents gave him his first __________(滑板)in 1992 when he was 16. 3．The _____(篱笆)marks the boundary between my property and hers. 4．The fourth “Tianjin in my eyes” photo _______(比赛)will be held between June and July. 5．By the age of two a child will have a __________(词汇量)of about two hundred words. 6．It seems these ants can ________(忍受)temperatures which would kill other species. 基础达标 accent skateboard fence contest vocabulary tolerate 7．Pay more attention to your ___________(书写)in future and you will make much progress in your study. 8．Half the people questioned said they were opposed to military ___________ (干涉)． 9．Unfortunately，she s______ over on the ice and broke her leg. 10．The school c______ provides students with three meals a day at a reasonable price. handwriting intervention lipped anteen 维度二　在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 1．All in all，I _________ (sincere) invite you to come to our school and see for yourself. 2．It's ______ (pure) coincidental that we both chose to call our daughters Emma. 3．The aging population is a global ________ (tend) that may require more and better healthcare services. 4．Doctors are pessimistic _____ his chances of making a full recovery. 5．More practice will make you speak English with greater ________(fluent)． 6．I came with the _________ (intend) of staying，but now I've decided to leave. sincerely purely tendency about fluency intention 7．But for your close ___________ (cooperate)，we wouldn't have done the work so well. 8．The amount of sugar you add will depend on personal __________ (prefer)． 9．__________________ (embarrass) and ashamed，I couldn't concentrate on anything. 10．According to the survey，most of the local residents oppose _______ (close) the hospital. cooperation preference Embarrassed closing 维度三　完成句子 1．_________ we do for the people，____________ we'll be. 我们为人民做得越多，就越幸福。 2．___________________________________ we learn from each other and grow closer. 正是通过文化的交流我们才得以互相学习，增进关系。 3．It is your responsibility ___________________________． 保持房间干净和整洁是你的职责。 4．Travelling can relax our body，__________________ and enrich our life. 旅行可以放松我们的身体，开阔我们的视野，丰富我们的生活。 5．Who were the guests___________________ last night? 昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的客人们是谁？ The more the happier It is through cultural communication that to keep the room clean and tidy broaden our mind invited to your party 维度四　课文语法填空 　　As far as I am concerned，English is not alone in 1._________(borrow) words from other languages—borrowed words can be found in almost all languages. 　　Word borrowing comes about when two cultures with different languages interact.At first，the borrowed word is only used by bilingual speakers.It then spreads to people 2.____ do not know the original language，and they will change the pronunciation to fit the way they speak，almost unknowingly.Over time，the sounds that are difficult to pronounce 3.____________________ (replace) with more familiar ones.The longer a borrowed word has been in use，the more it sounds and even looks like the native language. borrowing who have been replaced 　　4．_________，some language communities oppose adopting words from other cultures.Some languages with 5.___ extremely small number of speakers reject outside influences in order to survive.While some communities are pessimistic 6._____ the exchange between languages，there are also other communities that 7._______(ready) welcome borrowed words.English，especially，is based on a mix of Latin，Greek and Germanic languages.　Borrowing words allows the language 8.____________ (continue) to develop，enabling the community to have a more efficient language，spreading novel ideas and 9.__________(exchange) different beliefs more conveniently and quickly.As for the future，the more international and globalized the world becomes，the more language 10._______________ (characteristic) will be shared between nations and cultures. However an about readily to continue exchanging characteristics 素能提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解 　　There are many challenges such as kayaking(划独木舟)the Colorado River Rapids，climbing to the summit(顶峰)of Qomolangma，mountain biking Colorado's 100-mile Leadville Trail and skydiving solo.Adventurers take on these challenges all the time.One thing that makes an American named Erik Weihenmayer stand out is that he has done them all without the sense of sight. 　　He is the first blind person to have climbed the tallest peak in every continent.When he was 4 or 5 years old，he was diagnosed with an extremely rare disease called retinoschisis(视网膜劈裂症)and when he finally went blind，he felt it was an unbelievable relief as if the worst thing had happened，so there's nothing else to lose. 　　He began rock climbing with the help of a recreational group taking blind kids rock climbing and fell in love with it immediately.He felt it was just for him.It was sort of the full package of adventure，all the things he wouldn't have as a blind person.He has learned to do the things，which sighted people learn to do with their eyes，with his hands. 　　He stated，“When people say they climb for the view，I think they're misunderstanding why we do the things we do.Honestly，the summit is not the destination.The movement is for me the most exciting part.” 　　As a blind climber，it's really hard，but he has to accept that suffering. Blindness is just a thing that happened to him.He thinks he likes all challenges and that people have got to use them as a drive to push them in new directions. It's the idea of turning bad things into good things，and it's something all could use. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位眼盲的登山冒险者Erik Weihenmayer的故事。 1．What is special about Erik Weihenmayer? A．He skydived with other adventures. B．He swam across the Colorado River Rapids. C．He completed many adventures as a blind man. D．He kayaked Colorado's 100-mile Leadville Trail. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“One thing that makes an American ... the sense of sight.”可知，Erik Weihenmayer特殊的地方在于，他以盲人的身份完成了许多冒险，故选C项。 √ 2．How did Erik Weihenmayer feel when he eventually lost his sight? A．Relaxed. B．Shocked. C．Annoyed. D．Disappointed. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“when he finally went blind...so there's nothing else to lose.”可知，当Erik Weihenmayer最终失明时，他轻松了许多，故选A项。 √ 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Honestly，the summit is not the destination. The movement is for me the most exciting part.”可知，在爬珠穆朗玛峰的过程中，Erik Weihenmayer最重视的部分是攀登的过程，故选B项。 3．What does Erik Weihenmayer value most in climbing Qomolangma? A．The recognition of others. B．The process of climbing. C．The destination of climbing. D．The feeling of standing on the summit. √ 4．What is the purpose of the text? A．To talk about some adventures. B．To attract other blind persons. C．To gain other blind climbers' support. D．To introduce an adventurer without sight. 写作目的题。根据第一段中“One thing that makes an American named Erik Weihenmayer stand out is that he has done them all without the sense of sight.”及全文内容可知，本文的写作目的是介绍了一位眼盲的登山冒险者的故事，故选D项。 √ Ⅱ.完形填空 　　A storm with strong winds struck late on a Friday evening，knocking down trees，blocking roads，damaging homes，and destroying power lines. 　　Thousands of people 1 found themselves in the dark without water，electricity，telephones，Internet，and television.They found themselves cut 2 from the modern world bearing 37℃ plus heat with no help and no idea when it would be over. 　　 3 ，the most amazing thing happened：it brought out the best in us. While there were a few 4 acts，they were overwhelmed(淹没)by the wave of love and 5 that came from the hearts of so many. 　　People shared their food，ice，and gasoline.People who still had power 6 their homes to those who had none.People rushed out to clear roads，repair the damage and restore electricity. 　　People 7 on front porches(前廊)to talk.Strangers came together as one family to help one another in this time of great need.It was such a(n) 8 seeing all these people acting like this under such 9 circumstances. 　　Life's 10 strike all of us from time to time.No one is 11 ．We all get hurt.We all get challenged.We all get squeezed(逼迫)by 12 during our days here.How we respond to them，though，is 13 us.We can let them bring out the worst in us or we can let them bring out the best in us.We can 14 them like demons of selfishness or like angels of love. 　　May you always bring the best from your heart and soul to whatever life may 15 at you then. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一次风暴全州断电的情况下人们互帮互助，赞扬人性的美好的故事。 1．A．accidentally B．ultimately C．suddenly D．gradually √ 根据上文“A storm with strong winds struck late on a Friday evening”及“destroying power lines”可知，暴风雨及大风侵袭，破坏了电线，人们突然(suddenly)发现自己生活在黑暗之中。故选C项。 2．A．off B．down C．in D．away √ 根据前文“knocking down trees，blocking roads，damaging homes，and destroying power lines.”和“without water，electricity，telephones，Internet，and television”可知，暴风雨刮倒了树木，阻塞了道路，毁坏了房屋和电线，没有水、电、电话、网络和电视。因此人们发现自己和现代世界切断了(cut off)联系。故选A项。 3．A．Therefore B．Thus C．However D．Besides √ 前文描写了暴风雨带来的一片狼藉，根据空后“the most amazing thing happened：it brought out the best in us”可知，前后文之间为转折关系，故用however。故选C项。 4．A．selfish B．distinct C．efficient D．kind 空前While表示转折，根据“they were overwhelmed(淹没)by the wave of love and that came from the hearts of so many”可推知，尽管在危难时刻，人们会做出一些自私的(selfish)行为，但是它们被许多发自内心的爱和同情的浪潮淹没了。故选A项。 √ 5．A．silence B．sadness C．sympathy D．luck 6．A．bent B．opened C．sold D．adjusted √ 根据上文“by the wave of love”可知，自私的行为被许多发自内心的爱和同情(sympathy)的浪潮淹没了。故选C项。 √ 根据后文“their homes to those who had none”可知，家里有电的人家向没有电的人们敞开(open)家门。故选B项。 7．A．approached B．continued C．encountered D．gathered 8．A．joy B．amusement C．favor D．affection 根据空前句“Strangers came together as one family to help one another in this time of great need.”可知，看到人们相互帮助是一件乐事(joy)。故选A项。 √ 根据下文中“on front porches(前廊) to talk”及“came together”可知，人们聚集(gather)在前廊处谈话。故选D项。 √ 9．A．artificial B．identical C．tough D．intense 10．A．anxieties B．questions C．fears D．disasters 前文讲述的是自然界中的灾难，因此本句进一步延伸，表示生活中的灾难(disaster)时不时地袭击着我们所有人。故选D项。 √ √ 暴风雨袭击了这里，给大家的生活带来了不便，因此是在艰难的(tough)环境下。故选C项。 11．A．disturbed B．spared C．included D．involved 12．A．difficulties B．condition C．experiences D．assumption √ 根据下文“We all get hurt.”可知，生活中的灾难时不时地袭击着我们所有人，没有人可以避免，我们都会受伤。故选B项。 √ 根据上文“We all get squeezed(逼迫)”可知，我们所有人都受到困难(difficulty)的逼迫。故选A项。 13．A．due to B．contrary to C．up to D．close to 14．A．be opposed to B．approve of C．straighten up D．react to √ 根据上文“How we respond to them”及后文“We can let them bring out the worst in us or we can let them bring out the best in us.”可知，如何做出反应取决于(up to)我们自己。故选C项。 √ 根据空前“How we respond to them”及空后“like demons of selfishness or like angels of love”可知，我们可以像自私的恶魔或爱的天使一样对待(react to)他们。故选D项。 15．A．smile B．throw C．point D．glance √ 不管生活带给我们什么，作者都希望我们能将自己最好的一面展现出来。throw at本意为“朝……扔”，此处意为“给……带来”。故选B项。 Ⅲ.语法填空 　　Bees are disappearing.But does it 1. (real) matter if bees disappear? Are they so important to our environment? The short answer is，yes，it does matter and yes，they are important.Bees fly around from flower to flower，looking 2. pollen(花粉)．They use these to produce honey，3. is food for their colonies.But at 4. same time，the bees help to move pollen from one flower to another.This process 5. (call) pollination(授粉)．Pollination means that the flowers can create seeds and new flowers. Without bees，many flowers can't make seeds or fruit.In fact，bees take 6.____________(responsible) for the pollination of one third of all the plants that we eat.A single hive(蜂箱)with 50，000 honeybees can pollinate 500，000 plants in one day! Imagine 7. (live) in a world with no apples，carrots，onions，strawberries or，of course，honey.That's a world with no bees. really for which the is called responsibility living 　　So，why are the bees disappearing? Scientists think that there 8. (be) several possible reasons，including climate change，disease and pesticides.But it's not all bad news.Primary schools，businesses，universities and community centres are now setting up 9. (they) own hives.They enjoy the delicious honey and they know that they are helping to look after some of the most important 10. (insect) on the planet. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了蜜蜂的重要性和蜜蜂消失的原因。 are their insects 1．答案：really　 2．答案：for　 3．答案：which　 考查介词。look for意为“寻找”，本空应用介词for，故填for。 考查词性转换。本空修饰动词matter，应用副词作状语，故填really。 考查定语从句。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰名词honey，本空在从句中作主语、指物，应用关系代词引导，故填which。 4．答案：the　 5．答案：is called　 6．答案：responsibility 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。本句介绍的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，且句子主语process和动词call之间为被动关系，本空应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是单数，故填is called。 考查冠词。at the same time意为“同时”，本空应用定冠词，故填the。 考查词性转换。本空作动词take的宾语，应用名词形式。take responsibility for意为“为……负责”，故填responsibility。 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句介绍的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，且句子主语reasons为复数，故填are。 考查非谓语动词。imagine doing sth意为“想象做某事”，本空应用动词-ing形式作宾语，故填living。 7．答案：living　 8．答案：are　 9．答案：their　 10．答案：insects　 考查名词的单复数。根据空前some可知，本空应用复数形式，故填insects。 考查代词。本空修饰名词hives，应用形容词性物主代词，故填their。 返回 谢 谢 观 看 Unit 2　Understanding each other 返回 $