Challenge Yourself B-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲选择性必修第四册（重庆大学版）

高中选择性必修第四册重庆大学版 【hallenge Yourself B】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 词汇精讲 【Challenge Yourself B】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 shrink/四k/v.h.收缩：缩小：退 稳固（性） covering/KAVarI)/m./adj.遮盖 缩；萎缩 rarely/'reali/adv.很少：难得：罕物：覆盖物；覆盖的 flatten /'flaetn/v. 使变平；弄见地 sphere /sfia(r)/n.球；球体：领域： 平：（使）倒伏 solid/'splid/adj.m.固体的：坚固范围 stable/'sterbl//adj.m.稳定的：稳的：固体；立方体 biosphere/barausfia(r)/m.生物 固的：马厩 envelope/'envalaup/m.信封；封圈 stability/st'brlati/n.稳定（性）：皮；外壳 词义辨析及同义替换 1.shrink/kvn.收缩：缩小：退缩：萎缩 词义辨析： hk:侧重因物理作用（如遇冷、干燥）或心理因素（如恐惧）导致的“缩小、退缩”，既可 作动词也可作名词。 reduce:强调人为地“减少、降低”数量、程度等，及物动词，宾语多为尺寸、数量、价格等。 同义替换： contract,reduce 例句： The sweater shrank after being washed in hot water. 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中选择性必修第四册同步练习） The company plans to the number of employees to cut costs. A.shrink B.reduce C.expand (答案：B) 2.stable/'steb/adj./n.稳定的；稳固的：马厩 高中选择性必修第四册重庆大学版 【hallenge Yourself B】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 词义辨析： stable:强调状态“稳定的、不易改变的”，可形容人、物体或局势，也可指“马厩”。 steady:侧重“平稳的、持续的”，强调动作或发展没有波动，如steady growth。 同义替换： steady,firm 例句： The country has maintained a stable economy in recent years. 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中选择性必修第四册单元测试） The patient's condition is now so we can reduce the dosage of medicine A.stable B.changeable C.dangerous (答案：A) 3.stability/sta'brlati/n.稳定（性)；稳固（性） 词义辨析： stability:不可数名词，指“稳定的状态或性质”，常用于抽象概念，如政治、经济的稳定。 stabilization:指“稳定的过程或行动”，强调动态的调整过程。 同义替换： steadiness,firmness 例句： The government is working to maintain the stability of prices. 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中选择性必修第四册期中测试） The success of the project depends on the of the funding. A.stability B.movement C.change (答案：A) 4.rarely/'reli/adv.很少；难得：罕见地 词义辨析： arey:频度副词，表“很少发生”，否定含义，位于实义动词前、助动词后。 seldom:与rarely含义相近，语气稍弱，更书面化。 hardly:侧重“儿乎不”，强调程度上接近没有，常与can连用。 同义替换： seldom,scarcely 例句： She rarely goes out alone at night. 2 高中选择性必修第四册重庆大学版 【Challenge Yourself B】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中选择性必修第四册同步练习） He eats fast food because he thinks it's unhealthy A.rarely B.always C.often (答案：A) 5.solid/'splid/adj./n.固体的：坚固的；固体；立方体 词义辨析： solid:形容词时指“固体的、坚固的”，反义词为liquid(液体)或gaseous(气体)：名词指“固 体”或“立方体”。 hard:仅指“坚硬的”，侧重质地硬，反义词为soft。 同义替换： hard,firm 例句： Ice is the solid form of water 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中选择性必修第四册单元测试） The bridge is made of materials,so it can bear heavy loads A.solid B.liquid C.soft (答案：A) 6.envelope./'envalaup/m.信封；封皮；外壳 词义辨析： envelope:指装信件、文件的“信封”，或物体的“外壳、封皮”。 cover:含义更广，可指“封面、盖子”，也可指“覆盖物”。 同义替换： cover,wrapper 例句： She wrote her address on the envelope. 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中选择性必修第四册同步练习） Please put the letter into the and stick a stamp on it. A.envelope B.box C.bag (答案：A) 7.sphere/sfia(r)m.球；球体：领域：范围 3 高中选择性必修第四册重庆大学版 【Challenge Yourself B】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 词义辨析： sphere:指“球体”时强调几何意义上的立体圆形：也可指“领域、范围”，如学术、职业领域。 bll:普通用词，指“球、球状物”，如足球、篮球。 同义替换： ball,domain 例句： The Earth is a sphere 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中选择性必修第四册期中测试） He has made great achievements in the of science A.sphere B.time C.space (答案：A) 8.biosphere/'barausfia()/m.生物圈 词义辨析： biosphere:专有名词，指地球上所有生物及其生存环境的总和，生态学术语。 ecosystem:指“生态系统”，侧重生物群落与环境之间的相互作用。 同义替换： ecosphere,biological sphere 例句： The biosphere is essential for human survival. 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中选择性必修第四册单元测试） The includes all living things and their environment on Earth. A.biosphere B.atmosphere C.lithosphere (答案：A) 9.f1 atten/'flaetn/~.使变平；弄平：（使)倒伏 词义辨析： flatten:指通过外力使物体“变平、压平”，也可指“（植物等）倒伏”。 level:侧重“使平整、使水平”，如平整土地。 同义替换： level,smooth 例句： The heavy rain flattened the crops in the field 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中选择性必修第四册同步练习） Please the dough with a rolling pin before baking 高中选择性必修第四册重庆大学版 【hallenge Yourself B】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 A.flatten B.fold C.break (答案：A) 10.covering/kAvr四/n./adj.遮盖物；覆盖物：覆盖的 词义辨析： covering:名词指“遮盖物、覆盖物”，如盖子、毯子；形容词指“覆盖的”。 cover:名词指“封面、盖子”，动词指“覆盖、遮盖”。 同义替换： cover,coating 例句： The mountain is always under a covering of snow in winter. 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中选择性必修第四册单元测试） The on the table keeps the food warm. A.covering B.book C.pen (答案：A) 综合演练 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.The company plans to the number of employees to cut costs. A.shrink B.reduce C.expand 2.The patient's condition is now so we can reduce the dosage of medicine. A.stable B.changeable C.dangerous 3.The success of the project depends on the of the funding. A.stability B.movement C.change 5 高中选择性必修第四册重庆大学版 【Challenge Yourself B】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 4.He eats fast food because he thinks it's unhealthy. A.rarely B.always C.often 5.The bridge is made of materials,so it can bear heavy loads A.solid B.liquid C.soft 6.Please put the letter into the and stick a stamp on it. A.envelope B.box C.bag 7.He has made great achievements in the of science. A.sphere B.time C.space 8.The includes all living things and their environment on Earth. A.biosphere B.atmosphere C.lithosphere 9.Please the dough with a rolling pin before baking. A.flatten B.fold C.break 10.The on the table keeps the food warm. A.covering B.book C.pen 二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The sweater (收缩)after being washed in hot water.. 2.The country has maintained a_(稳定的)economy in recent years. 3.The government is working to maintain the (稳定)of prices. 4.She (很少)goes out alone at night. 6 高中选择性必修第四册重庆大学版 【Challenge Your self B】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 5.Ice is the (個体的)form of water.. 6.She wrote her address on the (信封). 7.The Earth is a (球体). 8.The (生物圈)is essential for human survival. 9.The heavy rain (使倒伏)the crops in the field. 10.The mountain is always under a (覆盖物)of snow in winter. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The number of students in the class has(shrink)since last year. 2.We need to (stable)the prices to avoid inflation. 3.The (stable)of the political situation is important for economic development. 4.He(rare)goes to the movies because he prefers reading 5.The (solid)of the metal makes it suitable for building bridges. 6.She put the letter in the (envelope)and mailed it. 7.He is an expert in the (sphere)of computer science 8.Protecting the (biosphere)is everyone's responsibility. 9.The strong wind (flatten)the tents in the campground. 10.The (cover)on the sofa is made of cotton. 四、完成句子（每空一词) 1.这家公司计划减少员工数量以降低成本。 The company plans to. employees to cut costs. 2.近年来，这个国家保持了稳定的经济。 The country has maintained in recent years. 3.政府正在努力维持物价的稳定。 The government is working to maintain 4.她晚上很少独自外出。 She alone at night. > 高中选择性必修第四册重庆大学版 【hallenge Yourself B】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 5.冰是水的固体形式。 Ice is of water. 6.请把信放进信封并贴上邮票。 Please put the letter into and stick a stamp on it. 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 The environment is crucial for human survival.The(1)(biosphere)includes all living things and their environment.To protect it,we need to maintain the(2)(stable)of the ecosystem.For example,we should (3)(reduce)the use of plastic to avoid pollution.Farmers should avoid using too much fertilizer,which can (4)(flatten)the soil and harm plants.In daily life,we can use (5) (solid)containers instead of disposable ones.When sending letters,we should put them in (6) (envelope)and reuse paper when possible.(7)(Rare)do people realize that small actions can make a big difference.Let's work together to protect our home. 参考答案 I.单项选择 1B2.A3.A4.A5.A6.A7.A8.A9.A10.A Ⅱ.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.shrank 2.stable 3.stability 4.rarely 5.solid 6.envelope 7.sphere 8.biosphere 9 flattened 10.covering I用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.shrunk 2.stabilize 3.stability 4.rarely 5.solidity 6.envelope 7.sphere 8.biosphere 9.flattened 10.covering V.完成句子 1.reduce the number of 2.a stable economy 3.the stability of prices 4.rarely goes out 5.the solid form 6.the envelope V.语篇填空 1.biosphere 2.stability 3reduce 4.flatten 5.solid 6.envelopes 7.Rarely