Unit 4 Living with Technology一-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲选择性必修第二册（译林版）

高中译林版 【Unit4】 Living with Technology 选择性必修第二册 【Unit4】Living with Technology 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 castle'ka:sl/n.城堡：build)cas--诺，保证；花（钱或时间）：vi.全 非传统的 tles in the air(建)空中楼阁，幻心全意投入，忠于 *hacker/'heka)/n.黑客 想，空想 crime/kramm/n.罪，罪行；犯罪heft/oef/n.偷窃，盗窃罪 input/'mpt/n.输入的信息，投活动 break into强行闯入，撬开：突 入：t(input,.input)输入（信息）murder/'m3:da()/t.&n.谋杀，然开始（笑、唱等）：顺利打入 capacity /k3'paesati/n.领悟（或凶杀 fail-safe/,fel'serf/adj.自动保 理解、办事)能力：容量，容积：urg3:d3t.敦促，催促；大力险装置的，具有自动防止故障性 职位，职责；生产 推荐，竭力主张：n.冲动，强烈能的 analyse/'aenalaIz/(AmE analyze)的欲望 *drone /dra3/n.无人驾驶飞机 t.分析 pose /pauz/vt.造成，产生；提distribution/,dstr'bju:n/n.分 massive/'maesrv/adj.巨大的，大问，质询；vi.摆好姿势；n.姿发，分送：分配，分布 而重的：非常严重的 势 predict /prI'dkt/t.预言，预告 network/'netw3kn.网络，网状apparently月'prntli/adv.显decrease/di'kri:s/vt.&vi.减少， 系统：关系网，人际网：（互联然，可见 降低：/'di:kri:s/n.减少，降低 网络 warning/wnm/n.警告，先兆：deny/d'na/t.否认，否定；拒 coin /kom/t.创造（新词语） 警戒 绝承认，拒绝接受 breakthrough/breikoru:/n.重demand/d'ma:nd/t.需要；强quantity/'kwpntati/n.数量；大 大进展，突破；adj.突破性的烈要求：n.要求，所需之物；需量；in large quantities大量，大 finance/'famaens/n.财政，金融：求，需要 批 资金：财力：财务管理；t.提供victim'viktum/n.受害者，牺牲airline/'elam/n.航空公司 资金 品；受赌者，祭品；fall victim to threat/retn.构成威胁的人（或 to name but a few略举几例 受伤，受损，被害 事物：威胁，恐吓；凶兆 autonomous:'tonamas/adj.自greedy/'gri:di/adj.贪心的，贪spy/spa/vi.从事间谍活动；t, 主的，有自主权的：自治的 婪的 突然看见：n.间谍 domestic /da'mestik/adj.家庭recognition/rekag'nufn/n.识别，spy on暗中监视，窥探 的，家用的：本国的，国内的认出：承认，认可；赞誉，赏识llegal1i:gl/adj.不合法的，非 threaten/'retn/t.危及，对·database/deitabers/n.数据库法的 构成威胁；威胁，恐吓 alternative:l't3 natrv/n.可供 commit /ka'mit//t.犯（罪）：承选择的事物；adj.可供替代的： 高中译林版 【Unit4】 Living with Technology 词义辨析及同义替换 1. threat./ret/n.构成威胁的人（或事物）：威胁，恐吓；凶兆 词义辨析： threat:侧重指“可能造成伤害或危险的人或事物”，也可指“口头威胁的行为”，是名词。 threaten:是动词，强调“以威胁的方式警告某人”或“对…构成威胁”，侧重动作或过程。 同义替换： menace,danger 例句： The storm brought a threat of heavy rain and strong winds. 真题链接：（译林版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习） Pollution poses a serious to the environment. A.threat B.threaten C.dangerous (答案：A) 2.demand/d'mand/t.需要：强烈要求；n.要求，所需之物：需求，需要 词义辨析： demand(动词)：语气强硬，强调“坚决要求”，后接名词、代词或从句（从句用虚拟语气should+ 动词原形，should可省略)。 1 equire(动词)：侧重“根据规定或需要要求”，语气较客观，后接名词、不定式或动名词（主动 表被动)。 同义替换： require,claim (v.);need,requirement (n.) 例句： The boss demanded that we finish the project by Friday. 真题链接：（译林版高中选择性必修第二册单元检测） This job a lot of patience and carefulness A.demands B.asks C.requests (答案：A) 3.decrease/dr'kri:s/vt.&vi.减少，降低；/'di:kri:s/n.减少，降低 词义辨析： decrease:可作动词或名词，强调“数量、程度等逐渐减少”，既可用作及物动词(decrease sth.), 也可用作不及物动词(decrease by.减少了…；decrease to.减少到…)。 reduce:仅作动词，侧重“人为地减少、降低”，多接宾语，如reduce costs(降低成本)。 高中译林版 【Unit4】 Living with Technology 同义替换： reduce,decline 例句： The number of students in this school has decreased by 10%this year 真题链接：（译林版高中选择性必修第二册期中测试） We need to take measures to air pollution in the city. A.decrease B.increase C.protect (答案：A) 4.deny/d'na/t.否认，否定：拒绝承认，拒绝接受 词义辨析： deny:侧重“明确否认事实、指控或责任”，后接名词、动名词或that从句，不可接不定式。 refuse:强调“拒绝做某事或给予某物”，后接不定式(refuse to do sth.),语气较直接。 同义替换： reject,disclaim 例句： He denied stealing the money from the office. 真题链接：（译林版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习） The suspect any involvement in the crime. A.denied B.refused C.accepted (答案：A) 5.commit/ka'mt/t.犯（罪）：承诺，保证；花（钱或时间）：vi.全心全意投入，忠于 词义辨析： commit a crime:固定搭配，意为“犯罪”，强调“实施违法或错误行为”。 do a crime: 虽可表示“犯罪”，但不如commit a crime正式和常用。 commit to: 意为“承诺、投入”，后接名词或动名词，如commit to studying(投入学习)。 同义替换： perform(犯罪)，promise(承诺)，devote(投入) 例句： He was arrested for committing murder last night 真题链接：（译林版高中选择性必修第二册单元检测） It's illegal to a crime,and you will be punished by law. A.commit B.make 高中译林版 【Unit4】 Living with Technology C.do (答案：A) 6.victim/'viktum/n.受害者，牺牲品；受赌者，祭品：fall victim to受伤，受损，被害 词义辨析： victim:指“受害的人或动物”，强调在事故、犯罪或灾害中受到伤害的一方。 fferer:侧重“长期受苦或患病的人”，如a sufferer from cancer(癌症患者)。 同义替换： casualty,prey 例句： Many people fell victim to the flood last summer 真题链接：（译林版高中选择性必修第二册阅读专项训练） The of the accident were sent to the hospital immediately. A.victims B.killers C.witnesses (答案：A) 7.alternative/:I't3natv/n.可供选择的事物：adj.可供替代的；非传统的 词义辨析： alternative(形容词)：强调“两者或多者中可替代的”，后接名词，如alternative energy(替代能 源)。 optional:意为“可选择的、非必须的”，侧重“可做可不做”，如optional courses(选修课)。 同义替换： substitute,choice (n.)substitute,alternative (adj. 例句： We need to find an alternative way to solve this problem. 真题链接：（译林版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习） If you don't like coffee,there are several drinks available A.alternative B.necessary C.expensive (答案：A) 8.pose /p9uz/Vt.造成，产生；提问，质询：Vi.摆好姿势：n.姿势 词义辨析： pose a threat/risk:固定搭配，意为“造成威胁/风险”，强调“引发某种不良后果”。 cause:意为“引起、导致”，通用词，可接直接后果，如cause trouble(引起麻烦)。 4 高中译林版 【Unit4】 Living with Technology 同义替换： cause,create(造成)：ask,question(提问) 例句： The new policy may pose a challenge to small businesses. 真题链接：（译林版高中选择性必修第二册单元检测） The heavy rain a serious threat to the safety of the villagers. A.posed B.made C.did (答案：A) 9.domestic/da'mestik/adj.家庭的，家用的：本国的，国内的 词义辨析： domestic:侧重“国内的、家庭的”，反义词是international(国际的)或foreign(国外的)，如 domestic market(国内市场)。 national:意为“国家的、民族的”，强调与国家整体相关，如national flag(国旗)。 同义替换： home,internal(国内的)：household(家庭的) 例句： The government is trying to promote domestic products 真题链接：（译林版高中选择性必修第二册期中测试） trade has increased significantly in recent years. A.Domestic B.International C.Foreign (答案：A) lO.apparently/A'rnti/adv.显然，可见 词义辨析： apparently:强调“表面上看起来如此，实际可能并非如此”，或“根据证据明显地”。 obviously:侧重“显而易见，无需解释”，语气更肯定，如obviously true（显然正确)。 同义替换： evidently,seemingly 例句： Apparently,he has no idea about the plan. 真题链接：（译林版高中选择性必修第二册阅读专项训练） the company has decided to close its factory in this city. A.Apparently B.Suddenly 高中译林版 【Unit4】 Living with Technology C.Recently (答案：A) 11.rge3d3t.敦促，催促；大力推荐，竭力主张；n.冲动，强烈的欲望 词义辨析： urge sb.to do sth.:意为“敦促某人做某事”，强调“强烈地劝说或推动”。 persuade sb.to do sth.:意为“说服某人做某事”，侧重“通过理由使对方同意”。 同义替换： push,encourage(敦促)：desire,impulse(n.) 例句： The teacher urged us to study hard for the exam. 真题链接：（译林版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习） My parents always me to be honest and kind. A.urge B.force C.allow (答案：A) l2.recognition/,rekag'nun/n.识别，认出：承认，认可；赞誉，赏识 词义辨析： recognition:指“认出某人或某物”，或“官方/公众的认可”，如recognition of achievement(对 成就的认可)。 identification:侧重“通过特征、证据等确认身份”，如identification card(身份证)。 同义替换： acknowledgment,.appreciation(认可、赏识)：identification(识别) 例句： Her work has received international recognition 真题链接：（译林版高中选择性必修第二册单元检测) The of his talent made him very happy A.recognition B.invitation C.introduction (答案：A) 综合演练 6 高中译林版 【Unit4】 Living with Technology 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.The increasing number of cars a great threat to the air quality in the city. A.threat B.threaten C.threatens 2.Thisjob a high level of skill and experience,so not everyone can apply for it. A.demands B.requires C.asks 3.The government has taken actions to the number of smokers in public places. A.decrease B.reduce C.increase 4.The witness seeing the suspect near the crime scene at that time. A.denied B.refused C.accepted 5.It is a serious crime to murder,and the punishment is usually life imprisonment. A.commit B.make C.do 6.After the earthquake,many were left homeless and in need of help A.victims B.sufferers C.witnesses 7.If we can't take the plane,we need to find an way to get to Beijing A.alternative B.optional C.expensive 8.The new policy may some problems for small businesses,such as higher taxes A.pose B.cause C.make 7 高中译林版 【Unit4】 Living with Technology 9.The country has seen a rapid growth in trade over the past five years. A.domestic B.national C.international 10. the company has decided to postpone the product launch due to technical issues. A.Apparently B.Obviously C.Suddenly 二、根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.The company is facing a serioust from its competitors in the market. 2.The job da lot of patience and hard work,but it also offers good pay. 3.The number of students in this school has d by 15%since last year. 4.He dany responsibility for the accident,saying it was not his fault. 5.The police arrested the man who c_a bank robbery last week. 6.Many people became v_of the scam and lost their savings. 7.We need to find an asolution to the problem since the current one isn't working. 8.The heavy snow pa threat to road safety,so drivers are advised to be careful. 9.The government is trying to promote dproducts to reduce imports. 10.A,he didn't realize the importance of this project until it was too late. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The government has taken measures to reduce the (threat)to the environment. 2.This task(demand)a lot of time and effort,so we need to start early. 3.The number of tourists has_(decrease)significantly during the pandemic. 4.He denied(steal)the money from the store. 5.The suspect was charged with(commit)a serious crime. 6.The_(victim)of the accident were sent to the hospital immediately. 8 高中译林版 【Unit4】 Living with Technology 7.We need to consider all the(alternative)before making a decision. 8.The new policy may(pose)a challenge to our business. 9.The country's_(domestic)economy has grown rapidly in recent years. 10.(apparent),she has made great progress in her studies this term. 四、完成句子 1.污染对我们的健康构成了严重威胁。 Pollution to our health 2.这份工作需要大量的经验和技能。 This job experience and skills. 3.这个城市的人口在过去十年里减少了20%。 The population of this city 20%in the past ten years. 4.他否认曾经见过那个女人。 He the woman before. 5.他因犯抢劫罪被判处十年监禁。 He was sentenced to ten years in prison for_ 6.许多人成为了这场洪水的受害者。 Many people the flood. 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 高中译林版 【Unit4】 Living with Technology Environmental problems have become amajor concern for people all over the world.Air pollution,for example,(1)(pose/threaten)a serious threat to human health.It(2)(demand/require)the efforts of both governments and individuals to solve this problem.Governmentsneed to take measures to (3) -(decrease/reduce)emissions from factories and vehicles.Individuals should also try to use public transportation instead of private cars. However,some people still (4)(deny/refuse)the seriousness of environmental pollution.They continue to do things that harm the environment,such as littering andwasting resources.These people may eventually(5)-(fall victim to/become sufferers from)their own actions,as the environment becomes more and more polluted. There are(6)(alternative/optional)ways to live a more environmentally friendly life.For example, we can use renewable energy sources like solar power.(7)-(Apparently/Obviously),if we all work together,we can make a difference and protect our planet for future generations. 参考答案 I.单项选择 1.C2.A3B4.A5.A6.A7.A8.A9.A10.A 工.根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.threat 2.demands 3.decreased 4.denied 5.committed 6.victims 7.alternative 8.poses 9.domestic 10.Apparently ⅡL.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.threat 2.demands 3.decreased 4.stealing 5.committing 6.victims 7.alternatives 8.pose 9.domestic 10.Apparently V.完成句子 1.poses a serious threat 2.demands a lot of 3.has decreasedby 4.deniedhaving seen 5.com- mitting robbery 6.fell victim to V.语篇填空 1.poses 2.requires 3.reduce 4.deny 5.fall victim to 6.alternative 7.Apparently 10