内容正文:
高中必修第三册译林版
【核心词汇精讲】
词义辨析及同义替换
核心精讲
【Unit 1】Nature in the balance
词义辨析及同义替换精讲
本单元核心词汇
一、全部单元单词
shark/小ak/n.鲨鱼
全部地,完整地
则
spring to mind突然记起(或想
snog/sDg/n.雾霾,烟雾
branch /bra:ntf/n.(政府或机构)
到)
get rid of摆脱,丢弃,扔掉
部门:分部:树枝:支流:分支
whale /werl/n.鲸
protest/'pratest/vi.反对,抗strategy/'straetad3i/n.策略,行
deer /dia(r)/n.(pl.deer)
议:t.反对:坚持声称,申辩:动计划:策划,部署
track /trak/vt.&vi.跟踪,追踪;/'prautest/n.抗议,反对
recycle/ri:'sak/t.回收利用,
n.足迹,踪迹;小道:轨道:跑profit/'profrt/.n.利润,收益,好再利用
道;路线
处;Vi.&t.获益,得到好处subway/'sAbwer/n.地铁;地下
habitat/'hebitaet/n.生活环境,defence/dr'fens/(AmE defense)人行道
栖息地
n.辩护:防御,保护;防御物;former/'fma/adj.昔日的,
nowher'e/'nawe(r)/adv.无处,国防;防守
前任的:以前的,从前的
哪里都不
various'vearias/adj.各种不同official/a'fil/n.官员,要员;adj
dolphin/'dolfin/n.海豚
的,各种各样的
公务的:正式的,官方的
resident/'rezidant/n.居民,住户pIr'ocess/'prauses/n.过程,进程;poverty/'ppvati/n.贫穷,贫困:
chief /ti:f/n.首领,最高领导人:步骤,流程:t.加工,处理
贫乏
adj.主要的:首席的
economic/,ika'nDmk/adj.经济poison/'poIzn/t.污染;毒死,毒
committee/ka'mrti/n.委员会
的,经济上的:可赚钱的
害:n.毒物,毒药
entirely/m'tarali/adv.完全地,policy/'pplasi/n.政策,方针;原
词义辨析及同义替换
1.
track /traek/t.&vi.跟踪,追踪;n.足迹,踪迹;小道;轨道;跑道;路线
词义辨析:
tck:作动词时侧重”追踪、跟踪”,强调通过痕迹或线索持续追寻目标;作名词时可指具体的”
轨道、跑道”或抽象的”踪迹、路线”。
trace:
作动词时指”追溯、探索”,侧重寻找事物的根源或痕迹,名词义为”痕迹、微量”,语气
比track更轻。
同义替换:
高中必修第三册译林版
【核心词汇精讲】
词义辨析及同义替换
trace,follow
例句:
The police tracked the suspect through the forest.
真题链接:(译林版高中必修三同步练习)
Scientists are trying tothe origin of this ancient custom.
A.track B.trace C.chase
(答案:B)
2.entirely/m'tareli/adv.完全地,全部地,完整地
词义辨析:
entirely:强调’彻底地、毫无保留地”,程度较深,侧重整体上的完全。
completely:含义与entirely接近,但更口语化,可用于具体或抽象事物。
totally:语气最强,常带有主观判断,如”完全同意”彻底失败”。
同义替换:
completely,totally,fully
例句:
Her success is entirely due to her hard work
真题链接:(译林版高中必修三单元检测)
-Do you agree with his plan?
It's perfect
A.Entirely
B.Partly
C.Hardly
(答案:A)
3.various/veerias/adj.各种不同的,各种各样的
词义辨析:
various:强调种类或数量上的”多样、不同',后接可数名词复数。
different:泛指”不同的',侧重对比中存在差异,常用搭配be different from。
diverse:更正式,强调”多元化的、差异显著的',如文化、观点等。
同义替换:
different.diverse,varied
例句:
The store sells various kinds of fruits and vegetables.
真题链接:(译林版高中必修三同步练习)
There are
ways to solve this problem.Let's discuss them.
A.various
B.same C.single(答案:A)
4.process/.pr3Uses/n.过程,进程;步骤,流程:t.加工,处理
词义辨析:
process(n):侧重”事物发展的过程”或”操作步骤,如生产流程、学习过程。
procedure:指”正式的程序、手续”,强调按规则进行的步骤,如法律程序。
2
高中必修第三册译林版
【核心词汇精讲】
词义辨析及同义替换
同义替换:
procedure,course;(vt.):handle,treat
例句:
The manufacturing process of this product is very complex.
真题链接:(译林版高中必修三单元检测)
Before applying for the job,you need to follow the
carefully.
A.process B.procedure C.progress
(答案:B)
5.former/fmar)/adj.昔日的,前任的:以前的,从前的
词义辨析:
former:指”过去的、前任的”',与latter(后者)相对,常作定语。
previous::强调在时间或顺序上之前的”,如”上一次会议”先前的经验”。
同义替换:
previous,past,ex-(al ex-president)
例句:
Her former husband is now living abroad
真题链接:(译林版高中必修三同步练习)
The
manager of the company retired last year.
A.former
B.current C.future(答案:A)
6.official/a'f/n.官员,要员;adj.公务的:正式的,官方的
词义辨析:
official(adj):强调?官方的、经权威机构认可的',如官方消息、正式文件。
formal:侧重”形式上的、合乎礼仪的”,如正式场合、正装。
同义替换:
formal,governmental;(n.)officer,administrator
例句:
The official announcement will be made tomorrow.
真题链接:(译林版高中必修三单元检测)
You need to wear
clothes to attend the conference.
A.official B.formal
C.casual
(答案:B)
7.poverty/'ppvati/n.贫穷,贫困;贫乏
词义辨析:
poverty:指”生活贫困、经济拮据”,是名词,侧重状态。
poor(adj):形容词,指?贫穷的、可怜的”,可作定语或表语。
同义替换:
poorness,deprivation
3
高中必修第三册译林版
【核心词汇精讲】
词义辨析及同义替换
例句:
The government is taking measures to reduce poverty in rural areas.
真题链接:(译林版高中必修三同步练习)
Many people in the area suffer from
and need help.
A.poverty
B.wealth C.health
(答案:A)
8.poison/p3Iz/t.污染;毒死,毒害;n.毒物,毒药
词义辨析:
poison(t.):侧重”投放毒物致害”或”(潜移默化地)毒害,如污染水源、毒害思想。
pollute:专指”污染环境”,如空气、水、土壤等。
同义替换:
pollute,contaminate:(n.):toxin,venom
例句:
The river was poisoned by industrial waste.
真题链接:(译林版高中必修三单元检测)
It's illegal to
the environment with harmful chemicals
A.poison B.protect C.purify(答案:A)
9.policy/pDlasi/n.政策,方针:原则
词义辨析:
policy:指”政府、机构的官方政策”或个人的'处事原则”,如环保政策、外交政策。
principle::侧重”抽象的原则、道德准则',如公平原则、诚信原则。
同义替换:
strategy,guideline
例句:
The new environmental policy aims to reduce carbon emissions.
真题链接:(译林版高中必修三同步练习)
Our company's
is to put customers first.
A.policy
7B.principle C.plan(答案:A)
l0.strategy/'stratd3in.策略,行动计划;策划,部署
词义辨析:
strategy:指”为实现目标而制定的长期策略”,如军事战略、商业策略。
tactic:侧重”具体的战术、手段”,是实现战略的短期方法,如谈判技巧。
同义替换:
tactic,plan,approach
例句:
The team developed a new strategy to win the game
高中必修第三册译林版
【核心词汇精讲】
词义辨析及同义替换
真题链接:(译林版高中必修三单元检测)
We need to change our if this method doesn't work
A.strategy
B.detail C.fact
(答案:A)
11.get rid of摆脱,丢弃,扔掉
词义辨析:
get rid of:强调”主动清除或摆脱不需要的人、物或问题”,如摆脱坏习惯、丢弃垃圾。
throw away:仅指”扔掉、丢弃”具体物品,不用于抽象事物。
同义替换:
remove,discard,eliminate
例句:
She tried to get rid of her bad habit of staying up late.
真题链接:(译林版高中必修三同步练习)
Please
the old newspapers.They are taking up too much space.
A.get rid of B.kepC.collect(答案:A)
l2.protest/'pratest/vi.反对,抗议;t.反对:坚持声称,申辩;/prautest/n.抗议,反对
词义辨析:
protest(v.):侧重'公开反对或申辩”,可作不及物动词(protest against)或及物动词(protest
th.)。
object::不及物动词,后接to,指'对某事表示反对”,语气较温和。
同义替换:
object,oppose:(n.):demonstration,objection
例句:
The students protested against the new school rule
真题链接:(译林版高中必修三单元检测)
Many people held a to express their dissatisfaction.
A.protest B.party C.meeting(答案:A)
综合演练
综合练习
一、
单项选择
1.The police spent three days
the missing child in the mountains.
A.track
B.trace
高中必修第三册译林版
【核心词汇精讲】
词义辨析及同义替换
C.chase
2.Her success is
due to her talent and hard work,not luck.
A.entirely
B.partly
C.hardly
3.There are
cultural activities in our school,such as music festivals and art exhibitions.
A.various
B.different
C.diverse
4.The
of applying for a passport requires filling out forms and providing identification.
A.process
B.procedure
C.progress
5.The
president of the university will give a speech at the graduation ceremony.
A.former
B.previous
C.ex-
6.The government made an
statement about the new environmental protection law.
A.official
B.formal
C.governmental
7.Many families in the area are struggling with
and lack access to clean water
A.poverty
B.poor
C.poorness
8.Factories must not
the river with waste water.
A.poison
B.pollute
C.contaminate
9.Our school's
on homework is to assign no more than two hours per day
A.policy
B.principle
C.strategy
10.The team decided to change its
after losing the first two games
A.strategy
6
高中必修第三册译林版
【核心词汇精讲】
词义辨析及同义替换
B.tactic
C.plan
二、根据句意及首字母提示完成单词
1.The company offers vtraining programs for new employees
2.The entire p
of building the bridge took two years
3.She used to live in p,but now she has her own house and car.
4.The students held a p against the school's new rule.
5.Please g rid of the broken chair in the corner.
三、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.The factory
(process)over 1,000 tons of raw materials every day.
2.We need to consider
(vary)factors before making a decision
3.She
(entire)forgot about the meeting yesterday.
4.The
(office)from the government will inspect our school next week
5.He tried to
(protest)against the unfair treatment,but no one listened.
四、完成句子(每空一词)
1.科学家们正在努力追溯这种语言的起源。
Scientists are trying to
the origin of this language.
2.这个问题可以通过多种方式解决。
This problem can be solved in ways.
3.他完全不同意这个计划。
He
with the plan.
4.我们应该摆脱不良习惯。
We should
bad habits
5.这个过程需要耐心和细心。
This
requires patience and care.
高中必修第三册译林版
【核心词汇精讲】
词义辨析及同义替换
五、语篇填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空,使短文通顺、连
贯。
Scientists are studying the
(1.process/procedure)of climate change.They have
(2.
tracked/traced)the rise in global temperatures over the past century and found
(3.vari-
ous/diverse)causes,including human activities.To address this issue,governments have introduced
new
(4.policies/principles)to reduce carbon emissions.However,some people(5.
protest/object)against these policies,arguing they will harm economic growth.Despite the debate,
most experts agree that we must act(6.entirely/totally)to protect the environment.
参考答案
I.单项选择
1.A2.A3.A4B5.A6.A7.A8.A9.A10.A
Ⅱ,根据句意及首字母提示完成单词
1.various 2.process 3.poverty 4.protest 5.get
I用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.processes 2.various 3.entirely 4.official 5.protest
V.完成句子
1.trace 2.various 3.entirely disagrees 4.get rid of 5.process
V.语篇填空
1.process 2.tracked 3.various 4.policies 5.protest 6.entirely