Unit 4 Space Exploration二-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲必修第三册（人教版）

高中必修三人教 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 寒假专版 【Unit4】Space Exploration二 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 atmosphere /'aetmasfia(r)/n. 冒的风险 关卡 气层；大气：气氛 take risks(a risk)冒险 breakthrough /'breikeru:/n. atmospheric/,etms'ferik/adj.survive/sa'varv/vi..&t.幸存；破；重大进展 大气的：大气层的：有氛围的存活：继续存在：比.活得长achieve'tiv/t.实现：达到： oxygen/'DksId39n/n.氧气：氧 survival/sa'varvl/n.生存：存活：完成 oxygen tank氧气罐 幸存事物 achievement /a'tfi:vmant/n. vacuum/'vaekjuam/n.真空；真survivor/sa'vava)/n.幸存者；就；成绩：达到 空状态：ad.真空的：利用真空生还者；残存物 accomplish /a'kAmplif/vt.完成； 的 challenge/'t∫elnd3/n.挑战：艰实现：达到 radiation/,reidi'en/n.辐射；放巨任务：t.怀疑；向..挑战goal/gal/n.目标；球门：射门 射物：辐射能 challenging/'tfaelmd四/adj.具aim/em/n.目标：目的：瞄准： radioactive/reidiau'aektrv/adj.有挑战性的：困难的 vi.&t.瞄准；旨在：致力于 放射性的：有辐射的 overcome/auva'kAm/t.(over-aim at瞄准；旨在：致力于 hazard/'haezad/n.危险：危害：came,overcome)克服；战胜：解attempt/A'tempt/t.企图；试图： t.冒的危险 决 尝试；n.尝试：努力 dangerous/'demnd3aras/adj.危obstacle/'pbstakl/n.障碍；阻碍；make an attempt to do sth.试图 险的：不安全的 障碍物 做某事 risk /isk/n.风险；危险；t.barrier/'bari)/n.障碍；屏障： 词义辨析及同义替换 1.hazard/"hez3d/n.危险；危害；t.冒的危险 词义辨析： hazar:强调可能导致伤害或损失的潜在风险，常与环境、工作相关，如化学物质、自然灾害等。 dangerous:普通用词，指事物本身具有造成危险的性质，可直接修饰人或物。 isk:既可作名词也可作动词，侧重指主动承担的风险或不确定的危险，搭配take risks。 同义替换： 高中必修三人教 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 danger,risk,threat 例句： -Working in a mine involves many hazards. -It's dangerous to swim in the river alone. -He took a risk by investing all his money in stocks. 真题链接：（人教版高中必修三同步练习） The chemical factory has been closed because it caused serious environmental A.hazards B.dangers C.risks(答案：A) 2.obstacle/'pbstakl/n.障碍；阻碍；障碍物 词义辨析： obstacle:指具体的障碍物（如石头、河流）或抽象的困难（如偏见、技术问题），侧重需要“跨 越”的阻碍。 barrier::强调“阻碍通道或进展的屏障”，如语言障碍、法律限制，搭配break through a barrier。 同义替换： barrier,block,hindrance 例句： -Lack of education is a major obstacle to his career development. -Language is no longer a barrier for international communication. 真题链接：（人教版高中必修三单元测试） The team finally overcame all the and won the championship A.obstacles B.barriers C.challenges(答案：A) 3.achieve /a'ti:v/vt.实现；达到；完成 词义辨析： achieve:侧重通过努力达到目标或取得成就，宾语多为goal,success,dr山eam等。 accomplish:强调完成具体任务或计划，宾语多为task,project,.mission。 同义替换： accomplish,attain,fulfill 例句： -She finally achieved her dream of becoming a doctor. -We need to accomplish the task before Friday 真题链接：（人教版高中必修三期中测试） Hard work is the key to your goals. A.achieving B.accomplishing C.attaining (答案：A) 4.gol/gal/n.目标；球门；射门 词义辨析： gol:指经过规划和努力要达到的长期目标，如人生目标、事业目标。 2 高中必修三人教 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 aim: 侧重“意图或目的”，可指短期计划，搭配aim at doing sth. 同义替换： aim,target,objective 例句： -My long-term goal is to start my own company. -The project aims at improving public health. 真题链接：（人教版高中必修三同步练习） What is your main for learning English? A.goal B.aim C.purpose (答案：A) 5.attempt/3'tempt/t.&n.尝试：努力 词义辨析： attempt:指“努力尝试做某事”，可能成功也可能失败，语气比ty正式，搭配make an attempt to do sth ty:普通用词，侧重“尝试方法或手段”，口语中常用，搭配try to do sth 同义替换： try,endeavour,make an effort 例句： -He attempted to climb the mountain without a guide. -I tried to solve the problem but failed 真题链接：（人教版高中必修三阅读理解） Scientists have made several to find a cure for the disease. A.attempts B.tries C.efforts(答案：A) 6.survive/s3'vav/vi.&t.幸存；存活：比.活得长 词义辨析： survive::强调“在危险或灾难中存活”，或“比某人活得久”，可直接接宾语（如灾难、困难）。 survival:survive的名词形式，指“生存状态”或“幸存事物”。 survivor:指“幸存者”，具体的人或物。 同义替换： live through,endure,outlive 例句： -Only a few people survived the plane crash. -The survival of the ancient culture depends on young people 真题链接：（人教版高中必修三单元测试） After the earthquake,the were sent to temporary shelters. A.survivors B.survivors C.survivals (答案：A) 7.challenge/tfaelmd3n.挑战：艰巨任务：t.怀疑；向.挑战 高中必修三人教 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 词义辨析： challenge:作名词时指“需要努力应对的挑战”，如工作挑战、学术难题：作动词时表“质疑或 挑战”。 challenging:形容词，指“具有挑战性的”，修饰事物（如task,job)。 同义替换： difficulty,trial,demanding 例句： -Climbing Mount Everest is a great challenge This is a challenging project that requires teamwork. 真题链接：（人教版高中必修三同步练习） The new job is,but I'm confident I can handle it. A.challenging B.challenged C.challenge (答案：A) 8.overcome/,ava'kn/t.(overcame,overcome)克服；战胜；解决 词义辨析： overcome: 指“克服困难、恐惧、坏习惯等”，搭配overcome difficulties/fear。 overcome vs.conquer:overcome侧重“情感或抽象困难”，conquer侧重“征服领土或敌人”。 同义替换： defeat,conquer,surmount 例句： She overcame her shyness and gave a speech The team overcame all odds to win the game. 真题链接：（人教版高中必修三期末测试） With determination,we can any obstacle in life A.overcome B.conquer C.defeat(答案：A) 9.aim/em/n.目标；目的；瞄准：vi.&t.瞄准；旨在；致力于 词义辨析： aim:作名词时与goal近义，但更强调“意图或方向”；作动词时搭配aim at doing sth.（旨在做 某事)。 aim at vs.aim to: aim at后接名词或动名词，aim to后接动词原形，均表“目的是..”。 同义替换： goal,purpose,intend 例句： -The government's aim is to reduce unemployment. -This policy aims at improving public services. 真题链接：（人教版高中必修三阅读理解） The research to find a new treatment for cancer. A.aims B.goals C.purposes(答案：A) 高中必修三人教 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 l0.breakthrough/'brek0u:/n.突破：重大进展 词义辨析： breakthrough:指“在研究、技术等方面的突破性进展”，搭配make a breakthrough。 同义替换： advance,discovery,innovation 例句： -Scientists have made a major breakthrough in AI technology. 真题链接：（人教版高中必修三单元测试） The new drug is a in the treatment of heart disease. A.breakthrough B.achievement C.success (答案：A) 1l.accomplish/3'kmpl/t.完成：实现：达到 词义辨析： accomplish:强调“圆满完成任务或计划”，宾语多为task,mnission,.project,语气比finish正式。 achieve:侧重“通过努力获得成就”，宾语多为goal,dream,success。 同义替换： achieve,complete,fulfill 例句： -We accomplished the project ahead of schedule. She achieved her ambition of becoming a professor. 真题链接：（人教版高中必修三同步练习） It took us three months to the difficult task. A.accomplish B.achieve C.finish (答案：A) 12.take risks(a risk)冒险 词义辨析： take risks:固定短语，指“主动承担风险”，强调行为的不确定性，如投资、探险。 综合演练 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.The construction workers wear helmets to protect themselves from potential on the site. A.hazards B.dangers C.risks 5 高中必修三人教 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 2.The team faced many during the project but finally completed it successfully. A.obstacles B.barriers C.challenges 3.With hard work and persistence,you will your childhood dream of becoming a scientist A.achieve B.accomplish C.fulfill 4.My long-term is to establish a non-profit organization to help homeless children. A.goal B.aim C.purpose 5.The researchers have made several to develop a vaccine against the virus. A.attempts B.tries C.efforts 6.After the flood.only a few families in the village. A.survived B.lived C.remained 7.This math problem is highly and requires careful analysis. A.challenging B.challenged C.challenge 8.With courage and determination,we can any difficulty in life. A.overcome B.conquer C.defeat 9.The new policy to reduce air pollution by promoting green energy. A.aims B.goals C.purposes 10.Scientists announced a major in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease A.breakthrough B.achievement C.success 6 高中必修三人教 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 二、根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.The chemical leak caused serious environmental h 2.Lack of funding is the biggest o to the project's progress. 3.She finally aher goal of winning the national competition. 4.My main g for learning Japanese is to work in Tokyo. 5.He made an a to climb the mountain alone but failed due to bad weather. 6.Thes of the earthquake were provided with food and shelter by the government. 7.Overcoming shyness is a big c for many teenagers. 8.We need to o our fear of failure to achieve success. 9.The campaign a to raise public awareness about plastic pollution. 10.The new technology marks a significant b_ in renewable energy. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.Hard work is essential for (achieve)your dreams. 2.The team (accomplish)the task ahead of schedule with joint efforts. 3.He (survive)the accident but suffered serious injuries. 4.This project is (challenge)but we are confident to finish it. 5.She (overcome)her fear of public speaking by practicing every day. 6.The research (aim)to find a solution to water scarcity. 7.Scientists have made a major (breakthrough)in cancer treatment. 8.They (attempt)to cross the desert last year but had to give up halfway. 四、完成句子（每空一词) 1.努力工作是实现目标的关键。 Hard work is the key to 2.我们必须在周五前完成这项艰巨的任务。 We must before Friday. 7 高中必修三人教 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 3.只有少数人在那次事故中幸存下来。 Only a few people 4.她克服了困难，最终成为一名成功的医生。 She and finally became a successful doctor. 5.这项研究旨在开发新型环保材料。 This research new environmentally friendly materials 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Dr.Wang has dedicated her life to medical research.Her long-term(1) (goal/aim)is to find a cure for a rare disease.Over the years,she has faced numerous (2) (obstacles/barriers), including limited funding and technical difficulties.However,she never gave up and (3) (attempted/tried)various methods to solve the problem. Last year,her team made a significant(4)(breakthrough/achievement)by discovering a new protein related to the disease.This progress(5)(aims/intends)to accelerate the development of a treatment.Dr.Wang believes that with perseverance,they can (6)(overcome/conquer) all challenges and (7)(achieve/accomplish)their mission to save patients 参考答案 I.单项选择 1.A2.A3.A4.A5.A6.A7.A 8.A9.A10.A Ⅱ.根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.hazards 2.obstacle 3.achieved 4.goal 5.attempt 6.survivors 7.challenge 8.over- come 9.aims 10.breakthrough I用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.achieving 2.accomplished 3.survived 4.challenging 5.overcame 6.aims 7.break- through 8.attempted V.完成句子 1.achieving goals 2.accomplish the task 3.survived the accident 4.overcame the difficulties 5.aims at developing 8 高中必修三人教 【寒假专版】D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 V语篇填空 1.goal 2.obstacles 3.attempted 4.breakthrough 5.aims 6.overcome 7.achieve