Unit 2 Morals and Virtues二-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲必修第三册（人教版）

高中必修三人教 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 寒假专版 【Unit2】Morals and Virtues 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 virtue/v3tu:/n.美德：德行：优punishment/pAnifmant/n.惩胆小的（地）：怯懦的（地） 点 罚：处罚 kind /kamd/adj.善良的：友好 moral/'npral/adj.道德的；道义punish sb.for sth.因某事惩罚的：n.种类 上的：n.道德：品行：寓意 某人 cruel /kru:/adj.残忍的；残酷 dilemma/d'lema/n.进退两难liea/vi.Qay,lain)躺；位于；的；冷酷的 的境地；困境 Iied,lied说谎；n.谎言；谎话cruelty/'kl:alti/n.残忍；残酷： moral dilemma道德困境 tell a lie说谎 暴行 sacrifice/'saekrifais/n.牺牲；祭honest/DnISt/.adj.诚实的：正直generous/'d3 enaras/adj.慷慨的； 品；t.&vi牺牲；献祭；奉献的：坦率的 大方的：宽厚的 sacrifice sth.for sb./sth.为某dishonest/ds'onIst/adj.不诚实mean /mi:n/adj.吝啬的；刻薄 人/某物牺牲某物 的：不正直的 的：卑鄙的：t.意思是；意味 reward'w:dn.奖励：回报；brave /brerv/ad.勇敢的：无畏着：打算 报酬：t.奖励：回报：酬谢 的：t.勇敢面对：冒（风险）devoted/d'vautid/adj.挚爱的： in reward for作为对…的回coward/'kavad/n.懦夫：胆小忠诚的：全心全意的 报 鬼；adj.胆小的 loyal/'lIal/adj.忠诚的：忠心的 punish/'pnu/t.惩罚；处罚 cowardly'kavadli/adj.&adv.loyalty/lralti//n.忠诚；忠心 词义辨析及同义替换 1.virtue/'v3tuln.美德；德行：优点 词义辨析： virtue:侧重指人在道德上的优良品质，如诚实、勇敢等，是较为正式的用词。 moral:作名词时指“道德；品行”，更强调社会公认的道德标准或行为准则。 同义替换： merit,excellence 例句： Honesty is considered an important virtue in many cultures. 1 高中必修三人教 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 真题链接：（人教版高中必修三同步练习） The story teaches us that like kindness and courage can make the world better. A.virtues B.morals C.rewards （答案：A) 2.mor al/'mpral//adj.道德的：道义上的：n.道德；品行：寓意 词义辨析： moral（形容词)：指与伦理道德相关的，符合道德规范的，如moral responsibility(道德责任)。 ethical:更强调符合职业或专业领域的道德准则，如ethical behavior(伦理行为)。 同义替换： ethical,virtuous 例句： It is our moral duty to help those in need 真题链接：（人教版高中必修三单元测试） Doctors have an Lobligation to keep patients'information secret. A.moral B.ethical C.cruel (答案：B) 3.sacrifice/'saekrifars/n.牺牲；祭品：t.&vi.牺牲；献祭；奉献 词义辨析： sacrifice::指为了某种目的或信仰而主动放弃有价值的东西，甚至生命，如sacrifice time for study (为学习牺牲时间)。 devote:强调将时间、精力等专注投入到某事物中，如devote oneself to work(致力于工作)。 同义替换： give up,dedicate 例句： Many soldiers sacrificed their lives for the country's independence. 真题链接：（人教版高中必修三同步练习） She decided toher spare time to helping the elderly in the community. A.sacrifice B.devote C.reward (答案：B) 4.reward /rI'w:d/n.奖励；回报；报酬；t.奖励；回报；酬谢 词义辨析： reward:指因付出努力、做了好事而获得的奖励或回报，可作名词或动词，如a reward for hard work(努力工作的回报)。 award:侧重指官方或正式机构授予的荣誉或奖项，如win an award(获奖)。 同义替换： prize,bonus 例句： The company will reward the employees who perform well with a trip abroad. 2 高中必修三人教 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 真题链接：（人教版高中必修三单元测试） Her contributions to science were with the Nobel Prize A.rewarded B.awarded C.punished (答案：B) 5.punish/'pnu/t.惩罚：处罚 词义辨析： punish:指对错误行为或罪行进行惩罚，常与for搭配，如punish sb.for stealing(因偷窃惩罚某 人)。 discipline:侧重指通过训练或规章制度来约束行为，使遵守纪律，如discipline students(管教学 生)。 同义替换： penalize,chastise 例句： The teacher punished the students for being late again. 真题链接：（人教版高中必修三同步练习） Parents should their children when they break the rules,but not in a cruel way. A.punish B.reward C.praise(答案：A) 6.honest/'orst/adj.诚实的；正直的：坦率的 词义辨析： honest::指人言行真诚，不撒谎，不欺骗，如an honest person(诚实的人)。 sincere:侧重指情感或态度真挚，发自内心，如sincere apology(真诚的道歉)。 同义替换： truthful,upright 例句： An honest man will not tell a lie even when he is in trouble 真题链接：（人教版高中必修三单元测试） She gave a answer to the teacher's question without hiding anything. A.honest B.sincere C.dishonest (答案：A) 7.brave /brerv/adj.勇敢的：无畏的：t.勇敢面对；冒（风险） 词义辨析： brave:指面对危险或困难时表现出的勇气，强调行为上的勇敢，如brave soldier(勇敢的士兵)。 courageous:更正式，指精神上的勇气和胆量，如courageous decision(勇敢的决定)。 同义替换： courageous,bold 例句： The firefighters were brave enough to enter the burning building to save people. 3 高中必修三人教 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 真题链接：（人教版高中必修三同步练习） It was of her to stand up and speak against injustice. A.brave B.cowardly C.cuel(答案：A) 8.kind /kamd/adj.善良的：友好的：n.种类 词义辨析： kind(形容词)：指人天性善良，对他人友好，如a kind woman（善良的女人)。 friendly:侧重指态度友好，愿意与人交往，如friendly smile(友好的微笑)。 同义替换： good-natured,friendly 例句： My neighbor is always kind to help others when they need it. 真题链接：（人教版高中必修三单元测试） The staff in this restaurant are veryand always greet customers with a smile A.kind B.cruel C.mean (答案：A) 9.cruel/'ku:al/adj.残忍的；残酷的；冷酷的 词义辨析： cruel:指对他人或动物施加痛苦，缺乏同情心，如cruel treatment(残酷的对待)。 brutal:程度更强，强调野蛮和暴力，如brutal attack(野蛮的攻击)。 同义替换： brutal,merciless 例句： It is cruel to kill animals for their fur 真题链接：（人教版高中必修三同步练习） The dictator's actions made many people suffer. A.cruel B.kind C.generous (答案：A) l0.generous/'d3 enaras/adj.慷慨的；大方的：宽厚的 词义辨析： generous:指在金钱、时间或情感上大方，愿意给予他人，如generous donation(慷慨的捐赠)。 liberal:侧重指思想开明，不狭隘，也可指慷慨大方，如liberal with money(花钱大方)。 同义替换： lavish,munificent 例句： He is generous with his time and always helps his friends. 真题链接：（人教版高中必修三单元测试） The millionaire was in supporting education in poor areas. A.generous B.mean C.cruel (答案：A) 高中必修三人教 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 11.loyal/1bIal/adj.忠诚的：忠心的 词义辨析： loyal:指对人、组织或信仰坚定不移的忠诚，如loyal friend(忠实的朋友)。 faithful:侧重指在困难或考验面前仍保持忠诚，如faithful to one's promise(信守承诺)。 同义替换： faithful,devoted 例句： Dogs are known for being loyal to their owners. 真题链接：（人教版高中必修三同步练习） He remained to his country even when he lived abroad. A.loyal B.cruel C.dishonest(答案：A) 12.reward /rr'wo:d/n.奖励：回报：报酬：t.奖励：回报；酬谢 词义辨析： in reward for:作为对…的回报，后接名词或动名词，如give a prize in reward for his efforts（为 奖励他的努力而颁奖)。 in return for:作为对…的交换或回报，更强调对等关系，如help others in return for nothing(无 私帮助他人)。 同义替换： in return for,as a reward for 例句： He received a medal in reward for his brave actions. 真题链接：（人教版高中必修三同步练习） She offered to help him his kindness. A.in reward for B.in return for C.in punishment for (答案：B) l3.lie1a/vi.(Qay,lain)躺；位于；Iied,lied)说谎：n.谎言；谎话 词义辨析： lie(说谎)：指故意说不真实的话，如lie to sb.(对某人撒谎)。 cheat:指通过欺骗手段获取利益或逃避责任，如cheat in the exam(考试作弊)。 同义替换： fib,prevaricate 例句： He lied about his age to get the job. 真题链接：（人教版高中必修三单元测试） It's wrong to in order to avoid punishment. A.lieB.cheat C.sacrifice(答案：A) 高中必修三人教 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 14.dilemma/dr'lema/n.进退两难的境地：困境 词义辨析： dilemma:指面临两个或多个难以选择的困境，如moral dilemma(道德困境)。 predicament:指更严重或复杂的困境，难以 综合演练 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.In many cultures,honesty is regarded as a valuable_ that everyone should possess. A.virtue B.moral C.reward 2.Medical professionals have an duty to protect patients'privacy according to their professional standards. A.moral B.ethical C.cruel 3.She decided to herself to voluntary work in the mountain area after graduation. A.sacrifice B.devote C.reward 4.The famous scientist was the Nobel Prize for her contributions to physics last year. A.rewarded B.awarded C.punished 5.Parents should their children when they break the rules,but in a proper and educational way. A.punish B.reward C.praise 6.The little boy gave an answer to the teacher's question without hiding any details A.honest B.sincere C.dishonest 6 高中必修三人教 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 7.It was of the firefighter to rush into the burning house to save the trapped child. A.brave B.cowardly C.cruel 8.The volunteers are always to help the elderly with their daily needs in the community. A.kind B.cruel C.mean 9.The millionaire was Lin donating money to support the construction of schools in poor areas. A.generous B.mean C.cruel 10.He remained to his country even though he had lived abroad for more than twenty years. A.loyal B.cruel C.dishonest 二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.Kindness and courage are important (美德)that can make the world a better place. 2.It is our (道德的)responsibility to help those who are in trouble. 3.Many soldiers (their lives to defend the country's independence and freedom. 4.The company will offer a big (to the employee who comes up with the best idea. 5.Telling a (is not acceptable in any situation,as honesty is the best policy. 6.Facing the difficult situation,she showed great (and never gave up. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The little girl is very(honest)and never tells lies to her parents. 2.He is always willing to(generous)share his books and toys with his classmates. 3.Many people(sacrifice)their spare time to volunteer in the community center every week- end. 4.The dog has been (loyal)to its owner since it was a puppy. 高中必修三人教 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 5.She was praised for her (brave)action in saving the drowning child. 四、完成句子 1.As a student,you should()your studies and work hard to achieve your goals. 2.The government set up a special fund__(作为对…的回报)the scientists'great contribu- tions. 3.Itis (残忍的)to treat animals in such a cruel way for commercial purposes. 4.We should always remember the soldiers who__(为…牺牲生命)our country. 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 In a small village,there lived a young man named Tom who was known for his good. (quality). He was (honest)andnever tolda lie,andhe wasalways_(kind)tohelp others inneed.One day,a terrible flood hit the village,andmany houseswere destroyed.Tom showed great (brave) by rescuing several elderly people trapped in their homes.After the flood,the villagers wanted to (reward)him with a lot of money,but he refused.He said,"Helping others is not for (reward);it is a(virtue)that everyone should have."His words moved all the villagers deeply. 参考答案 【单项选择 1.A2B3B4.B5.A6.A7.A8.A9.A10.A IⅡ.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.virtues 2.moral 3.sacrificed 4.reward 5.lie 6.bravery I用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.honest 2.generously 3.sacrifice 4.loyal 5.brave V.完成句子 1.devote to 2.in reward for 3.cruel 4.sacrificed their lives for V.语篇填空 1.virtues 2.honest 3.kind 4.bravery 5reward 6reward 7.virtue 8