Unit 5 Self-Control一-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲选择性必修第三册（冀教版）

高中选修3冀教版 【Unit5】 Self-Control词义辨析精讲 Unit 5 Unit 5 Self-Control 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 restrict/r'strikt//v.限制；限定；discipline/'disaplm/n.自律；纪dizy/'drzi/adj.头晕的；眩晕的 束缚 律v.训练：处罚 fatigue /fa'ti:g/n.疲劳；劳累 restriction/rI'strikfn/n. 限制规negative /'negstiv/adj.消极的；refresh/rI'fref/v.使恢复精力： 定；约束 负面的 使振作 sustainable/sa'steinabl/adj.可stimulate/'stmmjulert/v.刺激：激absorb/ab'sob/V.吸收：理解 持续的：合理利用的 发 词义辨析及同义替换 l.restrict/r'strikt/v.限制：限定；束缚 词义辨析： restrict:侧重通过规则、法规或条件进行“限制、约束”，强调限定范围或行动自由，常与介词 to连用(restrict.to.)。 liit:含义更广，可指“限制数量、程度、时间等”，也可指自然条件的“界限”，常用搭配 limit.to..或set a limit。 同义替换： limit,confine 例句： The government plans to restrict the use of plastic bags in supermarkets. 真题链接：（冀教版高中选修3同步练习） Parents should not_children to a narrow circle of friends. A.limit B.restrict C.keep (答案：B) 2.sustainable/sa'stemnabl/adj.可持续的；合理利用的 词义辨析： stainable:强调“长期可持续的、不破坏环境的”，多用于描述发展模式、资源利用等，如 sustainable development(可持续发展)。 高中选修3冀教版 【Unit5】 Self-Control词义辨析精讲 lasting:侧重“持久的、持续时间长的”，可指事物或状态持续存在，如lasting peace(持久和平)。 同义替换： enduring,renewable 例句： We should promote sustainable agriculture to protect the soil. 真题链接：（冀教版高中选修3单元测试） The project aims to find asolution to the energy crisis. A.sustainable B.lasting C.temporary (答案：A) 3.discipline/'disapli/n.自律；纪律v.训练；处罚 词义辨析： discipline(n.):作名词时，可指“纪律”（集体规则）或“自律”（个人自我约束）：作动词时， 意为“训练（某人遵守纪律）”或“处罚”。 training:仅指“训练、培养”，侧重通过练习提升技能或能力，如professional training(专业培 训)。 同义替换： (n.)self-control,order;(v.):train,punish 例句： Military schools are strict in discipline. 真题链接：（冀教版高中选修3期中复习题） It takes years of_to become a top athlete. A.discipline B.training C.education (答案：A) 4.negative/'negatrv/adj.消极的：负面的 词义辨析： negative::侧重“消极的、负面的”，可指态度、情绪或影响，与positive(积极的)相对，如negative attitude(消极态度)。 passive:意为“被动的、不主动的”，强调不采取行动或反抗，如passive acceptance(被动接受)。 同义替换： pessimistic,adverse 例句： Don't always have a negative view of life;try to stay optimistic. 真题链接：（冀教版高中选修3期末测试） The _comments on social media made her feel upset. A.negative B.passive a.positive(答案：A) 5.stimulate/stmjulert/v.刺激；激发 词义辨析： stimulate:侧重“刺激、激发（兴趣、活动或生长）”，强调通过外部因素促使反应，如stimulate 高中选修3冀教版 【Unit5】 Self-Control词义辨析精讲 the economy(刺激经济)。 inspire:意为“鼓舞、启发”，侧重通过榜样或思想激发创造力或动力，如inspire sb.to do sth. (鼓舞某人做某事)。 同义替换： encourage,arouse 例句： Reading can stimulate children's imagination 真题链接：（冀教版高中选修3同步练习） The new policy is expected toinvestment in the tech industry. A.stimulate B.inspire C.stop (答案：A) 6.fatigue/fa'ti:gn.疲劳：劳累 词义辨析： fatigue:侧重“身心疲劳、疲惫”，尤指长时间体力或脑力劳动后的疲劳，较正式，如mental fatigue (精神疲劳)。 tiredness:普通用词，泛指“疲倦、累”，口语化，可指身体或精神上的疲劳，如feel tiredness(感 到疲倦)。 同义替换： exhaustion,weariness 例句： Prolonged work without rest may lead to fatigue. 真题链接：（冀教版高中选修3健康单元题） A good night's sleep can relieve physical A.fatigue B.tiredness C.energy (答案：A) 7.refresh'fev.使恢复精力；使振作 词义辦析： refresh:强调“通过休息、饮食或活动使恢复精力、提神”，如refresh oneself with a cup of tea(喝 杯茶提神)。 recover:意为“恢复健康、康复”或“挽回、重新获得”，侧重从疾病、损失中恢复，如recover from illness(从疾病中恢复)。 同义替换： rejuvenate,energize 例句： Taking a walk in the park can refresh your mind. 真题链接：（冀教版高中选修3阅读理解题） After the long journey,they stopped tothemselves with food and water. A.refresh B.recover C.relax(答案：A) 高中选修3冀教版 【Unit5】 Self-Control词义辨析精讲 8.absorb/b'sb/v.吸收：理解 词义辨析： bsob:作“吸收”时，可指吸收液体、气体或知识：作“理解”时，强调“完全掌握、消化”， 如absorb information(理解信息)。 take in:含义更广，可指“吸收（液体、光）”“理解（信息）”或“欺骗”，口语化，如take in a book(阅读一本书)。 同义替换： assimilate,take in 例句： Plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen. 真题链接：（冀教版高中选修3单元测试） It's hard to all the details of the report in a short time A.absorb B.take in C.accept(答案：A) 9.dizy/dzi/adj.头晕的；眩晕的 词义辨析： dizzy:指“头晕目眩的”，通常由旋转、疾病或疲劳引起，强调身体感受，如feel dizzy(感到头 晕)。 giddy:侧重“因兴奋或眩晕而感到轻飘飘的”，也可指“轻浮的”，如giddy with success(因成 功而飘飘然)。 同义替换： lightheaded,faint 例句： She felt dizzy after standing in the sun for an hour. 真题链接：（冀教版高中选修3健康话题练习） If you often feel_,you should check your blood pressure. A.dizzy B.giddy C.sleepy (答案：A) 10.estriction/r'strikn/n.限制规定：约束 词义辨析： restriction:指“限制规定、约束条件”，是restrict的名词形式，常用搭配impose restrictions on (对…施加限制)。 limitation:意为“限制、局限性”，可指事物本身的缺陷或客观条件的限制，如technical limitation (技术局限)。 同义替换： limitation,constraint 例句： The new law has lifted restrictions on foreign trade. 高中选修3冀教版 【Unit5】 Self-Control词义辨析精讲 真题链接：（冀教版高中选修3政策单元题） The government has announced new_on public gatherings. A.restrictions B.limitations C.orders (答案：A) 综合演练 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.The government plans tothe use of plastic bags in supermarkets to reduce pollution. A.restrict B.limit C.keep 2.The project aims to find asolution to the energy crisis rather than a temporary one. A.sustainable B.lasting C.renewable 3.It takes years of strictto become a top athlete,including daily training and self-control A.discipline B.training C.education 4.The_comments on social media about her new book made her feel deeply upset. A.negative B.passive C.pessimistic 5.Reading science fiction canchildren's imagination and creativity effectively. A.stimulate B.inspire C.encourage 6.After working for 12 hours continuously,he felt extreme physical_and could barely stand A.fatigue B.tiredness C.exhaustion 7.After the long hike,they stopped tothemselves with water and energy bars. A.refresh 5 高中选修3冀教版 【Unit5】 Self-Control词义辨析精讲 B.recover C.relax 8.It's difficult to all the complex information in such a short lecture. A.absorb B.take in C.accept 9.If you often feelwhen standing up quickly,you should consult a doctor about your bloodpressure. A.dizzy B.giddy C.faint 10.The new policy has imposed stricton public gatherings to ensure safety. A.restrictions B.limitations C.constraints 二、根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.The school has set a ron the number of students allowed in the library at one time. 2.We should promote sdevelopment to meet the needs of the present without harming future gen- erations. 3.Military training is designed to build dand teamwork among soldiers. 4.Negative news can easily spread on social media and have a bad ion teenagers'mental health. 5.A cup of coffee can help ryour mind when you feel sleepy in the afternoon 6.Plants can awater and nutrients from the soil through their roots. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.Parents should not(restrict)their children to only studying without any outdoor activities. 2.The company is trying to develop a more_(sustain)business model to reduce environmental impact. 3.Becoming a professional dancer requires years of strict(discipline)and practice 4.She has a_(negative)attitude towards life and always focuses on the bad side of things. 5.The teacher used interesting examples to(stimulate)students'interest in chemistry. 6 高中选修3冀教版 【Unit5】 Self-Control词义辨析精讲 6.After the long journey,they stopped at a small village to(refresh)themselves. 四、完成句子（每空一词) 1.父母不应该把孩子（限制在）一个狭窄的朋友圈里。 2.这个项目旨在为能源危机找到一个一（可持续的）解决方案。 3.成为一名顶尖运动员需要多年的一（自律）和艰苦训练。 4.社交媒体上的负面评论对她的情绪产生了一（消极的）影响。 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Nowadays,more people are paying attention to environmental protection.Governments around the world have imposed(restrict)on plastic use to reduce pollution.For example,some countries have banned single-use plastics,while others encourage(sustain)alternatives like paper bags or reusable containers. To achieve these goals,personal(discipline)is also necessary.We should avoidusing plastic prod- ucts unnecessarily andtry to recycle.However,there are still some(negative)voices:some people think these measures are too strict and inconvenient. In fact,small actions can make a big difference.For instance,using a reusable water bottle instead of buying bottled water can help reduce waste.Let's work together to create a greener future! 参考答案 I.单项选择 1.A2.A3.A4.A5.A6.A7.A8.A9.A10.A Ⅱ.根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.restriction 2.sustainable 3.discipline 4.impact 5.refresh 6.absorb I.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.restrict 2.sustainable 3.discipline 4.negative 5.stimulate 6.refresh V.完成句子 1.restrict to 2.sustainable 3.discipline 4.negative 1 高中选修3冀教版 【Unit5】 Self-Control词义辨析精讲 V语篇填空 1.restrictions 2.sustainable 3.discipline 4.negative 8