Unit 4 Approaching Classics B部分-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲选择性必修第四册（沪外版）

高中选择性必修第四册沪外版 【寒假专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 寒假专版 Unit4 Approaching Classics B部分 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 cock /kok/n.公鸡（口拓展词）青草（口拓展词） 变形：delighted adj.) crow /kra/v.(雄鸡)啼叫（口hath /hae0(/V.have的第三人称prevail /pri've/V盛行（口拓 拓展词) 单数现在式（口拓展词） 展词) chirp3p/v.(鸟)唧啾（口fare/fea(r)/v.成功（口拓展词） be occupied in忙着（做某事） 拓展词) bare /bea(r)/adj.光秃秃的（核pursuit/p3'sjut/n.追求（口拓 doth/d0/v.do的第三人称单心词) 展词) 数现在式（口拓展词） exclaim/k'sklerm/v.高喊（口untrustworthy/n'trAstw3:δi glitter/'glita(r)/v.闪亮（口拓拓展词） adj.不可信任的（口拓展词， 展词) anon/e'npn/ad.不久（口拓展变形：trustworthy adj..) cattle/'kaetl/n.牛（核心词） 词) graze/greiz/v.(牛、羊等)吃delight/dr'lat/n.高兴（核心词， 词义辨析及同义替换 1.cattle/'ketl/n.牛 词义辨析： cattle:集合名词，指“牛群”，无单数形式，谓语动词用复数，侧重家畜牛。 cow:可数名词，特指“母牛”，也可泛指“奶牛”，单数形式。 0x:可数名词，指“公牛”（常指被阉割的公牛，用于拉车或耕地）。 同义替换： cows,oxen 例句： The farmer raises a lot of cattle on his farm. 真题链接：（沪外版高中选择性必修第四册同步练习） These_are grazing in the field.They look healthy and strong A.cowB.cattle C.ox(答案：B) 1 高中选择性必修第四册沪外版 【寒假专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 2.bare/bea)/ad.(树木或村野)光秃秃的：（土地）荒芜的 词义辨析： bare:强调“无覆盖物的、裸露的”，可指树木无叶、土地无植被，或身体部位裸露（如bare hands)。 empty:侧重“空的、无内容的”，指容器或空间内没有东西，如empty room。 naked:特指“（人）赤裸的”，强调未穿衣物，或（物体）无保护的，如naked eye(肉眼)。 同义替换： naked,exposed 例句： The trees are bare in winter because all the leaves have fallen. 真题链接：（沪外版高中选择性必修第四册单元检测） After the fire,the hillside became_,with no grass or trees left A.bare B.empty C.naked (答案：A) 3.delight/d'lart/n.高兴：愉快；喜悦（核心词，变形：delighted adj..高兴的） 词义辨析： delight:作名词时，指“强烈的喜悦、乐趣”，是不可数名词，常用搭配take delight in(以… 为乐)：也可作动词，表“使高兴”。 pleasure:普通用词，指“愉快、满足”，语气较轻松，常用搭配with pleasure(乐意地)。 joy:指“极大的快乐、喜悦”，程度比delight更强，常因成功或好事引发，如tears ofjoy: 同义替换： pleasure,joy,enjoyment 例句： The children screamed with delight when they saw the pandas in the zoo 真题链接：（沪外版高中选择性必修第四册期中复习题） To our great_,our school basketball team won the national championship A.delight B.pleasure C.joy (答案：A) 4.prevail /pri'vel/.普遍存在；盛行 词义辨析： prevail:指“（某种思想、习俗、现象）盛行、普遍存在”，常用搭配prevail in/among..(在… 中盛行)。 dominate:侧重“支配、控制”，指在某领域或群体中占主导地位，如dominate the market（主导 市场)。 spread:强调“扩散、传播”，指消息、疾病或思想从一处传到另一处，如spread quickly。 同义替换： predominate,be widespread 例句： Traditional customs still prevail in many rural areas of the country. 2 高中选择性必修第四册沪外版 【寒假专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 真题链接：（沪外版高中选择性必修第四册阅读拓展） In the 19th century,this style of architecture_in Europe and was adopted by many churches. A.prevailed】 B.dominated C.spread (答案：A) 5.be occupied in短语忙着（做某事） 词义辨析： be occupied in:后接动名词(doing),表“忙于做某事”，强调专注于某项活动，如be occupied in reading be busy with:后接名词或代词，表“忙于某事”，如be busy with homework;也可接doing,即 be busy (in)doings be engaged in:正式用语，指“从事、忙于”，尤指参与某项工作或活动，如be engaged in research。 同义替换： be busy (in),be engaged in 例句： She was occupied in preparing for the exam all weekend,so she didn't go out. 真题链接：（沪外版高中选择性必修第四册语法填空） The professor_(occupy)in writing a new book recently,so he has no time for interviews. (答案： is occupied) 6.pursuit /p3'sjut/n.追求；寻找 词义辨析： pursuit:指“长期的追求、探索”，常与of连用，如pursuit of happiness,也可指“职业、爱好”（正 式)。 search:侧重“对丢失或隐藏事物的寻找”，常用搭配search for,如search for the missing child。 chase:指“追逐、追赶”，强调动作上的追赶，如chase the thief。. 同义替换： quest,seeking 例句： His life-long pursuit of truth made him a respected scientist. 真题链接：（沪外版高中选择性必修第四册阅读理解） The author's_of knowledge led her to travel to many countries to study local cultures. A.pursuit B.search C.chase(答案：A) 7.ntrustworthy/n'tr△stw3:ǒi/adj.不忠诚的；不可信任的（拓展词，变形：trustworthy adj..可靠 的) 词义辨析： untrustworthy:由否定前缀un-+trustworthy构成，表“不可信赖的”，强调不值得信任，如 untrustworthy friend. 高中选择性必修第四册沪外版 【寒假专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 dishonest: 指“不诚实的、欺骗性的”，侧重通过谎言或行为骗取信任，如dishonest商人。 unreliable:侧重“不可靠的、不稳定的”，指人或事物无法依赖，如unreliable weather forecast。 同义替换： dishonest,unreliable 例句： No one wants to work with him because he is known to be untrustworthy. 真题链接：（沪外版高中选择性必修第四册完形填空) The witness was considered-because she changed her story several times during the trial. A.untrustworthy B.dishonest C.unreliable(答案：A) 8.glitter/glta(r)/v.闪亮：闪耀：光彩夺目（拓展词） 词义辨析： glitter:指“（因反射光而）闪烁、闪光”，常用来形容珠宝、星辰等小而亮的光点，如stars glitter。. shine:普通用词，指“发光、照耀”，可指太阳、灯等自身发光，或物体反射光，如The sun shines brightly。 sparkle:侧重“闪烁、闪耀”，指因表面光滑或有液体而产生的闪光，如sparkling water(气泡 水)、入sparkling eyes。 同义替换： sparkle,twinkle 例句： The diamond necklace glittered under the lights at the party. 真题链接：（沪外版高中选择性必修第四册词汇运用） The lake_in the sunlight,making the whole scene look like a fairyland. A.glittered B.shone C.sparkled (答案：A) 9.exclaim /ik'skleim/v.(因高兴或激动)高喊，喊叫（拓展词） 词义辨析： exclaim:指“因强烈情感（如惊讶、喜悦、愤怒)而突然呼喊”，常与with连用，如exclaim with joy。 shout:侧重“大声喊、叫嚷”，目的是让他人听见，或表达愤怒，如shout at sb.。 cry:指“哭泣、哭喊”，也可指“大声说出”（正式），如cry for help(呼救)。 同义替换： cry out,shout 例句： She exclaimed with surprise when she saw the birthday cake her friends prepared. 真题链接：（沪外版高中选择性必修第四册听力理解） What did the girl do when she opened the gift? A.Laughed softly. 高中选择性必修第四册沪外版 【寒假专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 B.Exclaimed with delight. C.Cried quietly. (答案：B) 10.anon/月npn/adv.不久：很快（拓展词） 词义辨析： anon:时用法，意为“很快、不久之后”，语气较文雅，多见于文学作品，如See you anon. soon:普通用词，指“在短时间内、即将”，可用于过去或将来时，如I will come soon. shortly:比soon更正式，强调“即刻、马上”，如shortly after lunch。 同义替换： soon,shortly 例句： The guests will arrive anon,so we need to finish preparing the dinner quickly. 真题链接：（沪外版高中选择性必修第四册课文填空） The old man said he would return_,but we waited for hours and he didn't come. (答案：anon) 综合演练 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.The farmer has 20_on his farm,including cows and oxen. A.cattle B.cow C.ox 2.After the storm,the mountain looked-with all leaves blown away. A.empty B.bare C.naked 3.The children clapped their hands with-when they saw the magician's performance. A.joy B.pleasure C.delight 4.In some remote villages,traditional ways of life still_among the elderly. A.dominate B.spread C.prevail 高中选择性必修第四册沪外版 【寒假专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 5.My mother was in cooking dinner when I came back home. A.occupied B.busy C.engaged 6.His lifelong_ofknowledge led him to become a famous historian. A.search B.pursuit C.chase 7.The witness was considered-because she lied about her whereabouts on the night of the crime. A.untrustworthy B.dishonest C.unreliable 8.The stars brightly in the dark sky on a clear night. A.shine B.sparkle C.glitter 二、根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.The old man said he would return a but we waited for hours. 2.The hillside became b_after the fire,with no plants left 3.She ewith surprise when she heard the good news. 4.Their team's victory filled us with great d 5.The diamond ring gunder the light,catching everyone's attention 6.In the past,this custom pin many parts of the country. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The professor_(occupy)in writing a research paper these days. 2.She is known for her_(trustworthy),so everyone believes her. 3.The children's(delight)laughter filled the room. 4.Traditional values still(prevail)in this small town. 5.He spent his life in the(pursue)of artistic perfection. 6 高中选择性必修第四册沪外版 【寒假专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 四、完成句子（每空一词) 1.农民在农场里养了许多牛。 The farmer raises a lot of_on his farm. 2.她整个周末都忙于准备考试。 She --preparing for the exam all weekend. 3.令我们高兴的是，我们队赢得了比赛。 To our great,our team won the game. 4.这种建筑风格在19世纪的欧洲很盛行。 This architectural stylein Europe in the 19th century. 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 In a small village,traditional customs still (1)(prevail/dominate)among the locals.Every morn- ing,farmers take their (2)-(cattle/cow)to graze on the hillside.Last winter,the trees there were (3)(bare/empty)after heavy snow,but now they are green again. A young man named Tom returned to the village after studying in the city.He was(4)-(occu- pied/engaged)in recording the village'shistory.His(5)-(pursuit/search)oflocal culture surprised the elders.One day,he found an old diary,which made him (6)(exclaim/shout)with joy.The diary described how the villagers helped each other in difficult times.Tom hopes such stories will (7)-(glitter/shine)forever in people's memories. 参考答案 I单项选择 1.A2B 3.C4.C5.A6.B7.A8.C IⅡ.根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.anon 2.bare 3.exclaimed 4.delight 5.glittered 6.prevailed I.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.is occupied 2.untrustworthiness 3.delighted 4.prevail 5.pursuit V.完成句子 1.cattle 2.was occupied in 3.delight 4.prevailed 7 高中选择性必修第四册沪外版 【寒假专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 V语篇填空 1.prevail 2.cattle 3.bare 4.occupied 5.pursuit 6.exclaim 7.shine P