Unit 4 Adversity and Courage-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲选择性必修第三册（沪外版）

高中选择性必修第三册沪外版 【词汇精讲】 Uit4 Vords A部分 词汇精讲 【Unit4】Adversity and Courage 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 adversity/Ad'v3:sati/n.逆境；厄 式拼写为igor) 船等的)乘务员：服务员 运；困境 qualified/'kwDlifaud/adj..合格eny/'envi/v.&n.羡慕；妒忌 wage/weid3/v.开展；进行（运的：有资格的 crush /kraf/v.压碎；压坏：使变 动、斗争等) enthusiastic/m,θju:zi'aestik/adj.形 bitter/bta/adj.艰苦的：难熬热情的：热心的：满腔热忱的sink /smk/v.下沉：沉没；下陷 的：味苦的 aboard /a'b:dadv.&prep.在（过去式sank,过去分词sunk) expedition/,eksp3'dhn/n.探险；（船、飞机、火车等）上；上（船、abandon/a'baendan/v.抛弃；遗 考察；远征 飞机、火车等) 弃：放弃 endurance/n'djuarans//n.忍耐assign /a'san/v.分配：分派：指stove/stauv/n.炉子；火炉 力：耐久力 派 blanket/'blaenkit/n.毯子；毛毯 vigour'vIga/n.精力：活力（美steward/'stju:ad/n.(飞机、轮 词义辨析及同义替换 1.adversity /ad'v3sti/n.逆境；厄运；困境 词义辨析： adversity:侧重指生活或事业中面临的“严重困境、不幸”，强调持续性和挑战性。 misfortune:泛指“不幸、厄运”，语气较adversity弱，可指具体的不幸事件。 同义替换： misfortune,hardship 例句： Facing adversity bravely is the key to success in life 真题链接：（沪外版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习） The explorers overcame manyduring their journey to the North Pole. A.adversities B.pleasures C.advantages(答案：A) 2.abandon/a'baendan/v.抛弃；遗弃：放弃 高中选择性必修第三册沪外版 【词汇精讲】 Uit4 Vords A部分 词义辨析： abandon: 强调因困难或绝望而“彻底放弃”，可接人或事物，如abandon a child(遗弃孩子)、 abandon a plan(放弃计划)。 desert:侧重“违背责任或义务而抛弃”，尤指遗弃应照顾的人或物，语气比abandon更正式。 同义替换： desert,give up 例句： The sailors had to abandon the sinking ship to save their lives. 真题链接：（沪外版高中选择性必修第三册单元测试） Never hope,even when you are in great trouble. A.abandon B.achieve C.accept(答案：A) 3.enthusiastic/m,0ju:zi'estk/ad.热情的；热心的 词义辨析： enthusiastic:指对某事物“充满热情、极感兴趣”，常与about搭配，如be enthusiastic about sports。 passionate:语气更强，强调“强烈的、炽热的情感”，如passionate love(热烈的爱情)。 同义替换： passionate,zealous 例句： Our teacher is always enthusiastic about helping us with our English studies. 真题链接：（沪外版高中选择性必修第三册期中复习题） The students are about the upcoming science fair and have prepared many projects. A.enthusiastic B.bored C.calm(答案：A) 4.bitter/'bta/adj.艰苦的：难熬的；味苦的 词义辨析： bitter:可指“味苦的”（如bitter coffee),也可指“精神上痛苦的、艰苦的”（如bitter experience)。 painful:侧重“身体或情感上的疼痛”，如painful injury(疼痛的伤口)、painful memory(痛苦 的回忆)。 同义替换： painful,harsh 例句 After years of bitter struggle,they finally achieved their goal. 真题链接：（沪外版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习） The cold of winter made it difficult for the expedition team to move forward. A.bitter B.sweet C.mild (答案：A) 5.sink /smk/v.下沉：沉没：下陷 2 高中选择性必修第三册沪外版 【词汇精讲】 Uit4 Vords A部分 词义辨析： sink:指物体在水中“下沉”（如The ship sank.),或地面、建筑物“下陷”，过去式为sank,过 去分词为sunk。 drown:侧重“溺水、淹死”，主语通常是人，如He drowned in the river. 同义替换： submerge,go down 例句： The boat began to sink after hitting a rock in the storm. 真题链接：（沪外版高中选择性必修第三册单元测试） The Titanic after colliding with an iceberg in 1912 A.sank B.swam C.flew(答案：A) 6.qualified/'kwplrfard/adj.合格的：有资格的 词义辨析： qualified:指“具备必要技能或条件的”，常与for搭配，如be qualified for a job(胜任一份工作)。 competent::强调“有能力完成任务的”，如a competent teacher(称职的老师)。 同义替换： competent,eligible 例句： Only qualified doctors can perform this kind of operation 真题链接：（沪外版高中选择性必修第三册期末复习题） To apply for the position,you need to be. in both English and computer skills. A.qualified B.ordinary C.weak (答案：A) 7.eny/'envi/v.&n.羡慕；妒忌 词义辨析： ey(v.):指“羡慕他人拥有的东西”，如envy sb.for sth.:作名词时，指“羡慕的情感”，如 feel envy。 jealousy:侧重“因担心失去某物或被取代而产生的妒忌”，语气比eny更强。 同义替换： jealousy,.admiration(羡慕义) 例句： I envy her for having such a supportive family 真题链接：（沪外版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习） Out of she spread rumors about her classmate's success. A.envy B.joyC.kindness(答案：A) 8.expedition/,ekspa'dn/n.探险；考察；远征 3 高中选择性必修第三册沪外版 【词汇精讲】 Uit4 Words A部分 词义辨析： expedition:指有组织、有目的的“探险队或考察活动”，如a polar expedition(极地探险)。 voyage:侧重“水上航行”，尤指长途航海，如a voyage across the Atlantic。. 同义替换： exploration,joumey 例句： The scientists went on an expedition to study the wildlife in the rainforest 真题链接：（沪外版高中选择性必修第三册阅读理解题） The main purpose of the was to search for new plant species in the mountain area A.expedition B.vacation C.meeting(答案：A) 9.wage /weid3/v.开展；进行（运动、斗争等) 词义辨析： wage:作动词时，指“发起、进行（战争、斗争等）”，如wage a war(发动战争)、wage a campaign (开展运动)。 carry out::强调“执行、实施计划或任务”，如carry out a survey(开展调查)。 同义替换： carry out,conduct 例句： The government decided to wage a battle against pollution. 真题链接：（沪外版高中选择性必修第三册语法填空） The local people have been (wage)a fight against illegal logging for years. (答案：waging） 10.endurance1n'dj心erans/n.忍耐力；耐久力 词义辨析： endurance::指长时间忍受痛苦或疲劳的“耐力”，如physical endurance(体力耐力)。 patience:侧重“耐心、容忍”，指在等待或困难中不急躁，如have patience with children: 同义替换： stamina,tolerance 例句： Long-distance running requires both speed and endurance. 真题链接：（沪外版高中选择性必修第三册单元测试） Climbing Mount Qomolangma tests a climber's to the limit. A.endurance B.wisdom C.courage(答案：A) 11.igor/'vIg3/n.精力：活力（美式拼写为vigor) 词义辨析： vigour:指“身体或精神上的活力”，如full of vigour(充满活力)。 高中选择性必修第三册沪外版 【词汇精讲】 Unit4 Words A部分 energy:含义更广，可指“物理能量”或“精力”，如save energy(节约能源)、have energy to work(有精力工作)。 同义替换： energy,vitality 例句： The young athletes showed great vigour in the competition. 真题链接：（沪外版高中选择性必修第三册完形填空） After a good rest,he felt full of and started working again. A.vigour B.sadness C.weakness (答案：A) 12.assign/A'san/V.分配；分派：指派 词义辨析： assign:侧重“按计划或职责分配任务”，如assign homework(布置作业)、assign sb.to ajob(指 派某人做工作)。 allocate:指“分配资源、时间等”，如allocate money to education（拨款给教育)。 同义替换： allocate,appoint 例句： The teacher will assign different tasks to each group in the project. 真题链接：（沪外版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习） The manager me to attend the meeting on behalf of the company. A.assigned B.refused C.forgot (答案：A) 综合演练 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.The team showed greatduring the tough match and finally won the championship A.adversity B.endurance C.vigour 2.She couldn't hide her_when she saw her friend receive the award she had hoped for. A.envy B.joy C.kindness 5 高中选择性必修第三册沪外版 【词汇精讲】 Uit4 Vords A部分 3.The government plans to_a new campaign to reduce plastic waste in cities. A.abandon B.wage C.assign 4.After the long joumey,the explorers were exhausted but still full of_ A.bitterness B.enthusiasm C.weakness 5.Only_engineers are allowed to operate this advanced equipment. A.qualified B.ordinary C.bitter 二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The(to the remote island will start next month with a team of scientists 2.The_(忍耐力)of the athletes was tested during the 100-kilometer race. 3.She has a()interest in traditional Chinese painting and practices every day. 4.The()winter conditions made it impossible for the farmers to work in the fields. 5.The teacher will()different topics to each group for the project. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The soldiers have been(wage)a battle against the enemy for three days. 2.He showed great_(endure)in facing the challenges of his illness. 3.The(enthusiasm)crowd cheered loudly as the team entered the stadium. 4.After the storm,many houses were(abandon)by their owners. 5.She speaks English with such(vigorous)that everyone is impressed. 四、完成句子（每空一词） 1. 面对逆境时，保持积极的态度很重要。 It's important to stay positive when_ 6 高中选择性必修第三册沪外版 【词汇精讲】 Uit4 Vords A部分 2.这位科学家毕生致力于野生动物的考察工作。 The scientist devoted his life toon wildlife 3.他因在项目中的贡献而获得了同事们的羡慕。 His colleagues_ his contributions to the project. 4.长时间的徒步旅行需要体力和耐力的结合。 Long-distance hiking requires a combination of strength and_. 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 The polar(1)team faced numerous challenges,including(2)(bitter)cold and dangerous ice storms.Each member had to show great(3)(endure)to keep moving forward.Dr.Lee,the leader, (4)(assign)specific tasks to everyone:some collected samples,while others(5)(wage)a fight against frostbite by setting up shelters.Despite the(6)(adverse),their(7)(enthusiastic)never faded.They believed their work would help understand climate change.Finally,after weeks of struggle,they retumned with valuable data,filled with(8)(vigorous)and pride 参考答案 I单项选择 1B2.A3B4.B5.A Ⅱ根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.expedition 2.endurance 3.enthusiastic 4.bitter 5.assign I.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.waging 2.endurance 3.enthusiastic 4.abandoned 5.vigour V.完成句子 1.facing adversity 2.conducting expeditions 3.felt envy for 4.endurance V.语篇填空 1.expedition 2.bitter 3.endurance 4.assigned 5.waged 6.adversities 7.enthusiasm 8.vigour 7