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高中必修第二册沪外版
【Nature A部分】
词义辨析及同义替换精讲
Unit 1
【Unit 1】Nature A部分
词义辨析及同义替换精讲
本单元核心词汇
一、
全部单元单词
creature/'kri:tfo(c/n.生物:动语:私语;小声说
noth /mDe/n.蛾:飞蛾
物
reward /r'wo:d/n.回报:报酬:fool/f:/n.蠢人;傻瓜:白痴
species/'spi:fi:z/n.种,物种(分v.奖励;奖赏;给以报酬
worm/w3m/n.蠕虫
类上小于属)
solution /sa'lu:n/n.解决办法;native/'nertrv/ad.(动植物)
paradise/'per3daIs/n.天堂,乐处理手段
原产于某地的:土产的:当地
土,乐园(指美好的环境)
theory/Ii/n.理论;原理;原的:(与出生地相关的)
wither/wa)/v.(使)枯萎,则
rare/rea(r)/adj.稀有的:罕见的;
凋谢
restore/rI'sto:)/V.使复原;使珍贵的
replace/r'plers/v.(用…)替复位:使复职:使恢复(某种情flourish/'fr/v.茁壮成长;健
换:(以…)接替;代替:取况或感受)
康幸福:繁荣:昌盛;兴旺
代
royal/'rIal/adj.国王的;女王amongst/A'mst/prep.在,
elaborate/I'laebarat/adj.复杂的;的;皇家的:王室的
中:周围是
详尽的:精心制作的
former/"fma)/adj.以前的insect/msekt//n.昆虫
fountain/'fauntan/n.人工喷泉;splendour/'splenda)/n.雄伟;organism/':ganizam/n.有机
喷水池
豪华;华丽
体:生物:(尤指)微生物
nobleman/'naublman/n.贵族
disappear/.ds3'pIar)/V.消失;balance/baelans/n.均衡;平衡:
najesty/med39sti/n.(对国王不复存在:灭绝:消亡
均势
或女王的尊称)陛下;(某事物poo /pu:/n.(儿童用语)屎,屙destroy/d'str3/v.摧毁:毁灭:
的)雄伟壮观:庄严:威严
屎
破坏
trick/trik/v.欺骗;欺诈
particularly /p3'trkjaloli/adv.特delicate/'delrkat/ad.易损坏的:
whisper/wIspa(r)/V.耳语:低别:尤其
易碎的:脆弱的
词义辨析及同义替换
1.replace /rI'pleis/v.(用…)替换;(以…)接替:代替;取代
词义辨析:
replace:侧重”替代事物或人”,强调用新的代替的,常用搭配replace A with B(用B替换A)。
substitute:侧重”临时替代”,常与介词for搭配,即substitute A for B(用A代替B)。
高中必修第二册沪外版
【Nature A部分】
词义辨析及同义替换精讲
同义替换:
substitute,take the place of
例句:
We need to replace the old computer with a new one.(我们需要用新电脑替换电脑。)
真题链接:(沪外版高中必修第二册同步练习)
It is difficult to a person who has so much experience.
A.replace B.substitute C.take place
(答案:A)
2.eward'w:d/n.回报:报酬:v.奖励;奖赏;给以报酬
词义辨析:
reward:作名词时指'因付出或成就获得的回报”;作动词时强调”给予奖励',常用搭配reward
sb.for sth.(因某事奖励某人)。
award:作名词时指”官方或正式的奖励、奖品”;作动词时侧重”授予、颁发,常用搭配award
sb.sth.(授予某人某物)。
同义替换:
prize,award (n.)award,encourage (v.)
例句:
The police offered a reward for information about the stolen painting.(警方为有关被盗画作的信息
提供悬赏。)
真题链接:(沪外版高中必修第二册单元测试)
She was
a medal for her bravery in the accident
A.rewarded
B.awarded C.given
(答案:B)
3.heo1y/rari/n.理论:原理;原则
词义辨析:
theory:指”未经实践检验的理论、学说”,与practice(实践)相对。
principle:侧重'基本原理、原则',指指导行为的准则或科学上的定律。
同义替换:
principle,idea
例句:
Einstein's theory of relativity changed the way we look at the universe.(爱因斯坦的相对论改变了我
们看待宇宙的方式。)
真题链接:(沪外版高中必修第二册期中测试)
The
of gravity was discovered by Newton.
A.theory B.principle C.ule(答案:A)
4.restore'sto:)/v.使复原;使复位:使复职;使恢复(某种情况或感受)》
词义辨析:
2
高中必修第二册沪外版
【Nature A部分】
词义辨析及同义替换精讲
restore:
强调”恢复到原来的状态”,常用搭配restore sth.to.(将某物恢复到…)。
recover:
侧重”从疾病、损失中恢复”,主语多为人,常用搭配recover from(从…中恢复)。
同义替换:
regain,recover
例句:
The ancient temple was restored to its original beauty after years of repair..(经过多年修缮,这座古
庙恢复了原有的美丽。)
真题链接:(沪外版高中必修第二册期末测试)
It took her a long time to
from the shock of her husband's death
A.restore
B.recover C.regain
(答案:B)
5.former/'fna(r)/ad.以前的
词义辨析:
former:指”过去的、从前的”,常与latter(后者)相对,常用搭配the former..the latter..(前者
…后者…)。
previous:强调'在时间或顺序上先于当前的”,如previous experience(先前的经验)。
同义替换:
previous,past
例句:
Of the two suggestions,I prefer the former one..(在这两个建议中,我更喜欢前者。)
真题链接:(沪外版高中必修第二册同步练习)
She is now working in Beijing,but her
home was in Shanghai.
A.former
B.previous C.past
(答案:A)
6.disappear/,ds3pIa)/v.消失:不复存在:灭绝:消亡
词义辨析:
disappear:普通用词,指”从视线中消失或不复存在”,强调过程。
vanish:语气更强,指”突然、完全消失”,且不留痕迹。
同义替换:
vanish,fade away
例句:
The sun disappeared behind the clouds..(太阳消失在云层后面。)
真题链接:(沪外版高中必修第二册单元测试)
Many species have from the earth because of human activities
A.disappeared B.vanished C.lost(答案:A)
7.particularly /p3'tikjalali/adv.特别;尤其
3
高中必修第二册沪外版
【Nature A部分】
词义辨析及同义替换精讲
词义辨析:
particularly:侧重”强调某一事物的特殊性”,可修饰形容词或副词。
especially:含义与particularly相近,但更常用于强调'在众多事物中突出某一个”。
同义替换:
especially,specially
例句:
I like all kinds of fruits,.particularly apples.(我喜欢各种水果,尤其是苹果。)
真题链接:(沪外版高中必修第二册期中测试)
This book is
useful for students learning English grammar.
A.particularly B.especially C.specially(答案:A)
8.rare /rea(r)/adj.稀有的:罕见的;珍贵的
词义辨析:
Iare:指”因稀少而珍贵的”,强调数量少,如rare animals(稀有动物)。
scarce:侧重”因需求大而短缺的',如food scarce(食物短缺)。
同义替换:
scarce,uncommon
例句:
The museum has a collection of rare ancient coins..(这家博物馆收藏了一批稀有的古钱币。)
真题链接:(沪外版高中必修第二册期末测试)
Water is becoming_in many parts of the world.
A.rare
B.scarce C.few
(答案:B)
9.destroy /dr'stro/v.摧毁:毁灭;破坏
词义辨析:
destroy:强调'彻底破坏,无法修复”,宾语多为建筑物、生命等,
damage:侧重'部分损坏,可修复”,宾语多为物品、名誉等,常用搭配do damage to(对…造
成损害)。
同义替换:
ruin,damage
例句:
The earthquake destroyed many houses in the city.(地震摧毁了城市里的许多房屋。)
真题链接:(沪外版高中必修第二册同步练习)
The storm
the roof of the house,but we can repair it.
A.destroyed B.damaged C.ruined(答案:B)
10.balance/'baelans/n.均衡:平衡;均势
词义辨析:
balance::指”各部分之间的平衡状态”,常用搭配keep a balance(保持平衡)、balance between A
高中必修第二册沪外版
【Nature A部分】
词义辨析及同义替换精讲
andB(A与B之间的平衡)。
equilibrium:较正式,指'系统或状态的平衡”,如ecological equilibrium(生态平衡)。
同义替换:
equilibrium,stability
例句:
It's important to keep a balance between work and rest.(保持工作和休息的平衡很重要。)
真题链接:(沪外版高中必修第二册单元测试)
The
of nature may be destroyed by human activities.
A.balance
B.equilibrium C.stability(答案:A)
l1.delicate/'delkat/adj.易损坏的;易碎的;脆弱的
词义辨析:
delicate:指'物理上易碎的'或情感上脆弱的”,如delicate china(易碎的瓷器)、delicate health
(虚弱的健康)。
fragile:侧重'容易破碎或受损的”,语气比delicate更强,如fragile glass(易碎玻璃)。
同义替换:
fragile,weak
例句:
Be careful with the delicate vase;it's over200 years old.(小心这个易碎的花瓶,它有200多年的
历史了。)
真题链接:(沪外版高中必修第二册期末测试)
The patient's condition is
so we need to take good care of him
A.delicate B.fragile C.weak(答案:A)
12.native/'netv/adj.(动植物)原产于某地的:土产的:当地的
词义辨析:
native:强调'原产于某地的',常用搭配native to(原产于…),如native plants(本地植物)。
indigenous:较正式,指”土生土长的、原住民的”,多用于学术或正式语境。
同义替换:
indigenous,local
例句:
The panda is native to China.(熊猫原产于中国。)
真题链接:(沪外版高中必修第二册同步练习)
This kind of bird is to the tropical forests of South America.
A.native B.indigenous C.local(答案:A)
13.lourish/'flrv.茁壮成长:健康幸福:繁荣:昌盛:兴旺
词义辨析:
flourish:指”植物茁壮成长”或”事业繁荣兴旺”,强调持续
高中必修第二册沪外版
【Nature A部分】
词义辨析及同义替换精讲
综合演练
综合练习
一、
单项选择
1.We need to
the broken window with a new one before winter comes.
A.replace
B.substitute
C.take place
2.The police offered a $10,000
for any information leading to the arrest of the thief.
A.reward
B.award
C.prize
3.In science class,we learned that the
of evolution was proposed by Charles Darwin.
A.theory
B.principle
C.rule
4.After the operation,it took her three months to
her strength and return to work.
A.restore
B.recover
C.regain
5.Of the two books,I prefer the
because its plot is more interesting.
A.former
B.previous
C.past
6.The stars」
from the sky as the sun began to rise.
A.disappeared
B.vanished
C.lost
7.This novel is
_popular among teenagers because of its exciting story.
A.particularly
B.especially
C.specially
8.Due to climate change,clean water is becoming
in some desert areas.
A.rare
6
高中必修第二册沪外版
【Nature A部分】词义辨析及同义替换精讲
B.scarce
C.few
二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词
1.The old castle was
(to its original condition after years of construction.
2.Pandas are
(原产于)China and can only be found in certain bamboo forests.
3.The company began to
after it introduced new management strategies.
4.Be careful with the_(易碎的)glassware when you move them to the shelf.
5.It's important to keep a()between study and relaxation
三、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.The local government spent millions of dollars to(restore)the ancient temple
2.She was_
(award)a scholarship for her excellent academic performance.
3.The
(theory)basis of this experiment was first put forward by a famous physicist.
4.After the flood,many people worked hard to
(balance)the ecosystem in the area.
5.These plants are_
(native)to the Mediterranean region and require plenty of sunlight.
四、完成句子(每空一词)
1.他用新手机替换了手机。
He
the old phone」
a new one.
2.孩子们因帮助老人过马路而受到了奖励。
The children were for helping the elderly cross the road.
3.这家工厂在过去十年里蓬勃发展,成为了当地的龙头企业。
The factory has in the past decade and become a leading enterprise in the area.
4.医生说病人的身体状况仍然很脆弱,需要精心照顾。
The doctor said the patient's condition was still
and needed careful care.
五、语篇填空
7
高中必修第二册沪外版
【Nature A部分】词义辨析及同义替换精讲
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空,使短文通顺、连
贯。
Nature is a delicate system that requires careful protection.Many species once
(flourish)on
Earth,but now some have(disappear)due to human activities.For example,the dodo,a bird
(native)to Mauritius,was hunted to extinction in the 17th century.To protect
(rare)
animals,scientists have been working to
(restore)their natural habitats.They believe that
keeping a
(balance)between development and conservation is the key to saving our planet.
参考答案
I单项选择
1.A2.A3.A4B5.A6.A7.A8B
IL.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词
1.restored
2.native 3.flourish 4.delicate 5.balance
I.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.restore
2.awarded 3.theoretical 4.balance
5.native
V.完成句子
1.replaced;with
2.rewarded 3.flourished 4.delicate
V.语篇填空
1.flourished 2.disappeared 3.native 4.rare 5.restore
6.balance
P