Unit 4 My space一-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲必修第一册（沪教版）

高中必修第一册沪教版 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 寒假专版 【Unit4】y space 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 experiment /ik'spermant/n. 即；马上 suffer/sfa(r)/V.受苦；受难；受 验：试验 disappear/.disa'pIa(r)/V.消失；折磨 capable/'kerpabl/adj.有能力的 不见 argue/aqju:/v.论证；说理；争 survive/sa'vav/v.生存；存活：regularly/'regjali/adv.有规律辩 幸存 地：经常 decrease/di'kri:sv.(使)减少： unfortunately /An'fo:tonatli/adv. bomb/bpm/n.炸弹 减小 不幸地；遗憾地 goods/god/n.商品；货品 apartment/为'pa.tmnt/n.(美) labour-saving /'lerba(r)servn/petrol /'petral/n. 公寓套房 adj.省力的：节省劳力的 boil /boil/v.(使)沸腾：煮沸 definitely/'defmatli/adv.肯定； device/d'vaIs/n.装置；仪器：设aim/em/n.目的；目标 当然；确实 备 narrow/'nera/adj.狭窄的；窄 immediately/'mi:ditli/adv.立小的 词义辨析及同义替换 1. survive/s3'vaIv/v.生存：存活：幸存 词义辨析： urvive:强调在危险、灾难或困境中”存活下来”，可直接接宾语，也可单独使用。 1ive:泛指”活着、居住”，侧重生命状态的持续，不强调经历危险后的幸存。 同义替换： remain alive,endure 例句： Only a few people survived the plane crash. 真题链接：（沪教版高中必修第一册同步练习） After the flood,many animals struggled to without enough food. A.survive B.live C.exist(答案：A) 高中必修第一册沪教版 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 2.disappear/,ds3'pIa)/v.消失；不见 词义辨析： disappear:强调”从视线中消失、不复存在”，是不及物动词，无被动语态。 vanish:语气更强，指'突然、彻底地消失”，带有神秘或迅速的意味。 同义替换： vanish,fade away 例句： The sun disappeared behind the clouds. 真题链接：（沪教版高中必修第一册单元检测） The magician made the rabbit in a second,which surprised all the audience A.disappear B.appear C.stay (答案：A) 3.ague/'a:qju/v论证；说理；争辩 词义辨析： argue:侧重”通过理由或证据进行争辩、论证”，常用搭配argue with sb.about sth.。 quarrel:指”因意见不合而争吵”，语气更激烈，带有情绪冲突。 同义替换： debate,dispute 例句： They argued about the best way to solve the problem for hours. 真题链接：（沪教版高中必修第一册期末复习题） Don't with your parents over small things.Try to communicate calmly. A.argue B.talk C.agree (答案：A) 4.decrease/dkri:s/v.(使)减少：减小 词义辨析： decrease:强调数量、程度或强度'逐渐减少”，可作及物或不及物动词，反义词是increase。 red1ce:侧重”人为地减少、降低”，常接宾语，如reduce cost(降低成本)。 同义替换： reduce,diminish 例句： The number of students in this school has decreased by 10%this year 真题链接：（沪教版高中必修第一册同步练习） We should take measures to air pollution in the city. A.decrease B.increase C.protect (答案：A) 5.aim/em/n.目的；目标 2 高中必修第一册沪教版 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 词义辨析： aim:指'具体的目标或意图'，侧重通过努力想要达成的结果，常用搭配aim at(瞄准；旨在)。 goal:指”长期或最终的目标”，尤指需要付出努力才能实现的目标，如life goal(人生目标)。 同义替换： goal,purpose 例句： The aim of this experiment is to test the new drug. 真题链接：（沪教版高中必修第一册单元检测） What is your main for learning English? A.aim B.problem C.hobby (答案：A) 6.immediately/'ni:diatli/adv.立即：马上 词义辨析： immediately:强调”瞬间发生、毫不延迟”，可放句首、句中或句末。 at once:口语化表达，与immediately含义相近，侧重'立刻行动”。 同义替换： at once,right away 例句： Please call me immediately when you arrive. 真题链接：（沪教版高中必修第一册同步练习） The teacher asked us to hand in our homework A.immediately B.slowly C.lately (答案：A) 7.regularly/'regjali//adv.有规律地；经常 词义辨析： regularly:强调”按规律、定期地”发生，频率稳定。 often:侧重'频繁发生”，但不一定有规律，语气比regularly更随意。 同义替换： frequently,routinely 例句： She exercises regularly to keep fit 真题链接：（沪教版高中必修第一册期末复习题） He visits his grandparents every Sunday. A.regularly B.never C.sometimes (答案：A) 8.capable/'kerpabl/adj.有能力的 词义辨析： capable:指'具备做某事的能力”，常用搭配be capable of doing sth.,可用于人或物。 able:侧重”有能力完成某事”，语气更正式，常用搭配be able to do sth.,仅用于人。 3 高中必修第一册沪教版 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 同义替换： able,competent 例句： She is capable of solving this difficult problem 真题链接：（沪教版高中必修第一册同步练习） My brother is of speaking three foreign languages A.capable B.able C.afraid (答案：A) 9.unfortunatel/n'f:tonstli/adv.不幸地；遗憾地 词义辨析： unfortunately::指”运气不好或令人遗憾的情况”，常用于句首，修饰整个句子。 sady:侧重”因悲伤或不幸而感到难过”，语气更主观。 同义替换： sadly,regrettably 例句： Unfortunately,he missed the last bus and had to walk home. 真题链接：（沪教版高中必修第一册单元检测） the experiment failed because of a small mistake. A.Unfortunately B.Luckily C.Certainly (答案：A) l0.definitely/'defmtli/adv.肯定；当然：确实 词义辨析： definitely:强调确定无疑、明确地”，用于加强语气，回应时表示”完全同意”。 certainly:侧重”当然、必定”，语气比definitely稍弱，更委婉。 同义替换： certainly,absolutely 例句： -Will you come to the party tomorrow?-Definitely! 真题链接：（沪教版高中必修第一册同步练习） -Do you think we can finish the task on time?- We have prepared well. A.Definitely B.Hardly C.Possibly (答案：A) 综合演练 高中必修第一册沪教版 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.After the earthquake,only a few families managed to in the destroyed village. A.survive B.live C.exist 2.The stars from the sky as the sun rose higher in the morning. A.disappear B.appear C.stay 3.My parents often about the best way to educate my little sister. A.argue B.quarrel C.agree 4.The government plans to the number of private cars to improve air quality. A.decrease B.increase C.protect 5.The main of this project is to provide clean water for rural areas. A.aim B.goal C.hobby 6.Please call the police if you see anything suspicious in the neighborhood. A.immediately B.slowly C.lately 7.She goes to the library every Friday afternoon to study for exams A.regularly B.never C.sometimes 8.This new robot is of completing complex tasks within a short time. A.capable B.able C.afraid J 高中必修第一册沪教版 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 9 the concert was canceled due to the sudden storm. A.Unfortunately B.Luckily C.Certainly 10.-Will you attend the meeting tomorrow? I have already prepared all the materials. A.Definitely B.Hardly C.Possibly 二、根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.The company's profits have dby 20%since last year. 2.My English teacher checks our homework r every Monday morning. 3.She is c of solving math problems that most students find difficult. 4.The hiker tried to s in the forest by finding wild fruits and water. 5.The magician waved his wand,and the bird v in front of the audience. 6.Our team's a for this season is to win at least five matches. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.He exercises (regular)to maintain his physical health 2.The scientist is (capable)of developing new technology to reduce pollution. 3. (immediate)after the class ended,the students rushed to the playground. 4.The number of tourists visiting the museum has (decrease)recently. 5.She (argue)with her brother about the TV program for half an hour last night. 四、完成句子（每空一词） 1.不幸的是，他在事故中失去了双腿，但他从未放弃希望。 he lost his legs in the accident,but he never gave up hope. 2.我们应该采取措施减少城市的噪音污染。 We should take measures to noise pollution in the city. 6 高中必修第一册沪教版 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 3.她有能力在三年内掌握两门外语。 She is two foreign languages in three years. 4.请一到家就给我打电话。 Please call me you get home. 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 A group of researchers set a clear (aim/goal)for their project:to study how animals (survive/live)in extreme environments.They chose the desert as their research area,where temper- atures often reach 50C during the day. The team visited the desert(regularly/often)every month to collect data.Once,they found a small mammal that could (decrease/reduce)its body temperature at night to save energy. (Unfortunately/Luckily),one of their cameras stopped working,but they managed to repair it (immediately/at once) By the end of the project,they proved that even the smallest creatures are (capable/able)of amazing adaptations.The lead researcher said,"Our results (definitely/certainly)show the importance of protecting these unique species." 参考答案 I单项选择 1.A2.A3.A4.A5.A6.A7.A8.A9.A10.A Ⅱ根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.decreased 2.regularly 3.capable 4.survive 5.vanished 6.aim L.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.regularly 2.capable 3.Immediately 4.decreased 5.argued V.完成句子 1.Unfortunately 2.decrease 3.capable of mastering 4.immediately when V.语篇填空 1.aim 2.survive 3.regularly 4.decrease 5.Unfortunately 6.immediately 7.capable 8.definitely 7