Unit 2 Things that matter二-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲选择性必修第三册（沪教版）

选择性必修第三册沪教版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及同义替换 精讲专版 【Unit2】Things that matter 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 fright /frait/n.惊吓；恐怖 建议等) exhibition/,eksr'bunh.展览：展 shark /fa:k/h.鲨鱼 platform/'plaetfo:m/h.站台 出 f1uflu:m.流行性感冒流感 sip/slp/v.迅速放置；悄悄塞；gallery/'gaelari/n.(艺术作品) ius/vairas/h.病毒；滤过性病 偷偷放 陈列室，展览馆：画廊 毒 folder/'faulda(r)/m.文件夹；纸delay/d'lem.延迟（或耽搁、拖 tobacco/ta'beka/n.烟草 夹 延)的时间 astonish/A'stonif/v.使十分惊讶：initial/Tnu/n.(名字的)首字applicant/'eplikant/n.申请人 使大为惊奇 母；adj.最初的；开始的：第一（尤指求职、进高等院校等） criterion /krar'trarian/n.(pl.cri- porp:)/v.(雨)倾盆而下 teria)标准；准则 guilty/grlti/adj.感到内疚的：感laptop'laptop/n.便携式电脑； mask /ma:sk/h.面具；面罩 到惭愧的 笔记本电脑 submit/sab'mt/v.呈递（文件、tube /tju:b/n.伦敦地下铁道 词义辨析及同义替换 1. astonish /a'stonIf/v.使十分惊讶：使大为惊奇 词义辨析： astonish: 语气较强，指因意外而“大吃一惊”，强调事情的不寻常性。 surprise:最常用词，泛指因未预料到的事情而产生的“惊讶”，程度较astonish轻。 同义替换： surprise,amaze 例句： The news that he won the prize astonished everyone in the class 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习） Her sudden decision to quit the joball her colleagues. A.interested B.astonished 选择性必修第三册沪教版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及同义替换 C.bored (答案：B) 2.criterion /krar'tarian/n.(pl.criteria)标准；准则 词义辨析： criterion:指判断、评价事物的“客观标准”，为可数名词，复数形式为criteria。 standard:含义更广，可指“标准、规格”，也可指“道德准则”，使用范围较criterion更普遍。 同义替换： standard,norm 例句： The main criterion for admission is academic performance. 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册单元测试） What are the for judging a good essay? A.criterions B.criteria C.standards (答案：B) 3.delay/dr'lern.延迟（或耽搁、拖延）的时间 词义辨析： delay:侧重因外界因素导致的“耽搁、延误”，可作名词或动词。 postpone:指主动“推迟”某事到另一时间，仅作动词。 同义替换： postponement,lag 例句： The flight was cancelled due to a two-hour delay caused by bad weather. 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册期中复习题） The meeting was until next Monday because the manager was ill. A.delayed B.stopped C.finished (答案：A) 4.guilty/'gti/adj.感到内疚的：感到惭愧的 词义辨析： guilty:指因做错事或犯法而“内疚的、有罪的”，常与介词about搭配。 ashamed:侧重因自身行为不端或能力不足而“羞耻的、惭愧的”，搭配be ashamed of。 同义替换： ashamed,remorseful 选择性必修第三册沪教版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及同义替换 例句： She felt guilty about lying to her parents. 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习） He was of stealing the money and decided to return it. A.guilty B.proud C.happy (答案：A) 5.initial/'num.(名字的)首字母：adj.最初的：开始的：第一的 词义辨析： initial:强调“开始的、最初的”，仅指时间或顺序上的起点。 original:侧重“原始的、独创的”，指未经改变或模仿的状态。 同义替换： first,beginning 例句： The initial plan was to finish the project in a month,but it took longer. 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册单元测试）》 Please write your full name and on the form A.initials B.address C.phone (答案：A) 6.porp3:)/W.(雨)倾盆而下 词义辨析： pour:指雨、液体等“大量倾泻、涌出”，强调流量大且持续。 rain:泛指“下雨”，为普通动词，可描述各种雨量。 同义替换： rain heavily,stream 例句： It poured all night,and the streets were flooded in the morning 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册期末复习题） When we arrived at the station,it began to cats and dogs A.pour B.snow C.blow (答案：A) 3 选择性必修第三册沪教版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及同义替换 7.submit/sab'mt/w.呈递（文件、建议等） 词义辨析： submit:指正式“提交、呈递”文件、申请等给上级或机构。 hand in:口语化表达，指“上交”作业、报告等，对象多为老师或负责人。 同义替换： hand in,present 例句： All applicants must submit their resumes by Friday. 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习） You need to your homework before the class starts. A.submit B.find C.lose (答案：A) 8.irus/'vairas/n.病毒；滤过性病毒 词义辨析： vius:指引起疾病的“病毒”，或计算机病毒，无复数形式（指种类时可加-es)。 gem:泛指“病菌、微生物”，包括细菌、病毒等，为可数名词。 同义替换： bug,pathogen 例句： The flu is caused by a virus that spreads easily in winter. 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册单元测试） Washing hands often can help prevent the spread of A.virus B.water C.air (答案：A) 9.exhibition/.eksr'bn/h.展览：展出 词义辨析： exhibition:指大型“展览会、展览”，侧重艺术品、工业品等的公开展示。 show:含义广泛，可指“表演、演出”或小型“展览”，口语化程度高。 同义替换： show,display 例句： There will be an exhibition of modern art at the gallery next week. 4 选择性必修第三册沪教版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及同义替换 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册期中复习题）》 We visited the science and saw many interesting inventions. A.exhibition B.school C.park (答案：A) l0.gallery/'gaelari/n.(艺术作品)陈列室，展览馆；画廊 词义辨析： galy:专门陈列艺术品的“画廊、美术馆”，规模通常较小。 museum:指综合性“博物馆”，收藏历史、科学、艺术等多类展品。 同义替换： art gallery,exhibition hall 例句： She spent the afternoon visiting the gallery and bought a painting. 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习） The new in the city center has a collection of famous paintings A.gallery B.library C.hospital (答案：A) 11.mask /ma:skh.面具；面罩 词义辨析： ask:指“面具、面罩”，用于遮挡面部或防护（如口罩、防毒面具）。 disguise:侧重“伪装、假扮”，可指改变外貌或身份的行为，也可作动词。 同义替换： face mask,covering 例句： Wearing a mask is necessary in crowded places during the flu season 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册单元测试） He wore a to the costume party and nobody recognized him. A.mask B.hat C.coat (答案：A) l2.applicant/'aeplikant/h.申请人（尤指求职、进高等院校等） 5 选择性必修第三册沪教版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及同义替换 词义辨析： applicant:指正式申请职位、学校等的“申请人”，对应动词apply。 candidate:侧重“候选人”，指竞选职位或参与选拔的人，也可指申请人。 同义替换： candidate,petitioner 例句： The company received over 100 applications from qualified applicants. 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册期末复习题） Only who meet the requirements will be invited for an interview A.applicants B.teachers C.students (答案：A) 综合演练 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.The sudden news of his resignation all the members of the committee. A.surprised B.astonished C.bored 2.What are the main for selecting students into this program? A.criterions B.criteria C.standards 3.The sports meeting was because of the heavy rainstorm last weekend A.delayed B.stopped C.finished 4.She felt about not telling her best friend the truth. A.guilty B.ashamed C.proud 5.A11 must submit their application forms before the deadline next Friday. 6 选择性必修第三册沪教版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及同义替换 A.candidates B.applicants C.students 二、根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.The artg in the downtown area will host a new exhibition next month 2.Wearing a m is required when entering the hospital during the flu season. 3.The flight was cancelled after a three-hour d caused by technical problems. 4.The initial pfor the project was approved by the manager yesterday. 5.He was found g of the crime and sentenced to three years in prison. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The (exhibit)of ancient Chinese paintings attracted over 10,000 visitors last week. 2.She felt (guilt)about breaking her promise to her younger brother. 3.The meeting was (delay)for two hours due to the traffic jam. 4.A11 (apply)should prepare a personal statement and two recommendation letters. 5.The (criterion)for evaluating the essays include structure,logic,and language use. 四、完成句子（每空一词） 1.他因考试作弊而感到内疚。 He felt cheating in the exam 2.由于天气原因，我们的航班延误了四个小时。 Our flight was delayed for four hours the bad weather. 3.这家画廊收藏了许多著名艺术家的作品。 The has a collection of works by many famous 4.所有申请人必须在下周一前提交他们的简历。 All must their resumes by next Monday 五、语篇填空 1 选择性必修第三册沪教版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及同义替换 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 The school's annual science (1) (exhibit)was supposed to start last Monday,but it was (2) (delay)until this Friday because the main hall needed repairs.The organizing committee announced new (3) (criterion)for the projects:all participants must(4)(submit)their research reports by Wednesday. Many students felt(5)(guilt)about not finishing their projects on time.One(6) (apply) even came to the teacher's office wearing a(7)(mask)to hide his embarrassment.The teacher smiled and said,"Don't worry.What truly matters is the effort you've put in." 参考答案 I单项选择 1.B2.B3.A4.A5.B Ⅱ.根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.gallery 2.mask 3.delay 4.plan 5.guilty I用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.exhibition 2.guilty 3.delayed 4.applicants 5.criteria V完成句子 1.guilty about 2.due to 3.gallery,artists 4.applicants;submit V语篇填空 1.exhibition 2.delayed 3.criteria 4.submit 5.guilty 6.applicant 7.mask P