Unit 9 Human Biology Lesson3-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲选择性必修第三册（北师大版）

高中选修3北师大版 【词义辨析精讲】 Unit 9:Human Biology Lesson 3 词义辨析精讲 【Unit9】Human Biology Lesson3 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 epidemic/.epr'demik/n.传染病，classification/,klaesif'keifn/n.像、拍照等而摆的)姿势，姿态 流行病 归类，分类，分级 lung/n.肺 irus/'vaIr3s/n.病毒 parallel/'paeralel/n.(不同地点steadily/'stedali/adv.稳定地 variation/,veari'eIn/n.变化物，或不同时间的两事物之间的)联outbreak/'autbreik/n.(战争或 变体：差异，变动 系，相似：adj.平行的 疾病)爆发，突然发生 factor/faekta/n.因素，要素 depressing/d'presn/adj.令人trial/'traa/n.试验：审判，审 bacteria/bak'tIari/n.细菌 沮丧的，让人忧愁的 理 officially'fli/adv.官方地，sample/'sa:mp/n.样本，样品；actual/'aktful/adj.实际的，真 正式地 t.品尝，尝试；对…做抽样实的 classify/'klaesrfa/t.将…分调查 underline/,nde'lam/t.强调， 类：把…归入一类 CE/,si:'i/公元（用于日期后） 使突出；在…之下画线 rare /re/adj.稀有的，罕见的，estimate/estimeit/t.&n.估计，thorough/ra/adj.彻底的，全 不常发生的 估算 面的，详尽的 baseline/'beislam/n.(医学或科visible/vIzabl/ad.看得见的 systematic/sista'maetik/adj. 学中的)基线，准线 symptom/'sumptam/n.症状；征统化的，有条理的 opposed/月pauzd/adj.与某事物兆，症候 globe/glaub/n.地球，世界；地 相反；反对某事物，不赞成某事bury /'beri/t.埋葬，安葬；埋球仪 物 藏 Writing Workshop widespread /'waidspred/adj. pose /p3Uz/t.造成，引起，产生paragraph/'paer3gra:f/n.(文章 布广的，广泛流传的 (问题、危险、困难等)：n.(为画的)段 词义辨析及同义替换 1. epidemic/,epr'demik/n.传染病，流行病 词义辨析： epidemic:侧重指在特定地区或人群中大规模爆发的传染病，强调传播范围广且影响严重。 outbreak:指疾病、战争等的突然发生或爆发，更侧重“突发性”，可单独使用，也可搭配of sth.。 高中选修3北师大版 【词议辨析精讲】 Unit 9:Human Biology Lesson 3 同义替换： outbreak,plague 例句： The flu epidemic spread quickly in the school last winter. 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修3单元测试） The recent of measles in the city has caused public concern A.variation B.epidemic C.bacteria (答案：B) 2.estimate/'estimeit/t.&n.估计，估算 词义辨析： estimate:强调根据已有信息进行大致的推测或估算，结果可能不精确，可作动词或名词。 guess:指凭直觉或经验进行猜测，准确性更低，常用搭配guess at sth.。 同义替换： calculate,assess 例句： Scientists estimate that the project will take about three years to complete 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修3同步练习） The cost of the new hospital was at over 10 million yuan A.buried B.estimated C.posed (答案：B) 3. classify/'klaesrfar/t.将…分类；把…归入一类 词义辨析： classify::指按照一定的标准或原则将事物进行系统分类，强调分类的过程和依据。 category:名词，指“类别、种类”，侧重分类后的结果，如a category of books。 同义替换： categorize,sort 例句： Biologists classify animals into different groups based on their characteristics. 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修3单元练习） The books in the library are by subject for easy access. A.classified B.opposed C.underlined(答案：A) 4.widespread/'waidspred/adj.分布广的，广泛流传的 词义辨析： widespread:强调事物在较大范围内普遍存在或传播，如widespread belief(普遍的信念)。 common:侧重“常见的、普通的”，指因经常发生或存在而被广泛知晓，如a common mistake。 同义替换： prevalent,universal 2 高中选修3北师大版 【词议辨析精讲】 Unit 9:Human Biology Lesson 3 例句： There is widespread concern about the environment among young people. 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修3阅读拓展) The use of smartphones has changed people's daily life. A.rare B.widespread C.visible (答案：B) 5. p0sepz/t.造成，引起，产生（问题、危险、困难等） 词义辨析： pose:作及物动词，常用搭配pose a problem/danger/threat,强调“带来、造成”某种负面情况。 cause:指“导致、引起”，直接接结果，如cause damage/trouble,使用范围更广。 同义替换： cause,create 例句： The heavy rain poses a threat to the safety of the villagers. 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修3单元测试） The new policy may some challenges for small businesses. A.pose B.bury C.sample (答案：A) 6.horough/'0ra/adj.彻底的，全面的，详尽的 词义辨析： thorough:强调做事细致、全面，无遗漏，如a thorough investigation(彻底调查)。 complete:指“完整的、全部的”，侧重数量或范围上的完整，如a complete set of books。 同义替换： comprehensive,detailed 例句： The doctor gave the patient a thorough examination before making a diagnosis 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修3同步练习） We need to make a plan before starting the project. A.thorough B.depressing C.actual(答案：A) 7.systematic/,sIst'metk/adj.系统化的，有条理的 词义辨析： systematic:指按照一定的系统或步骤进行，强调有条理、有计划，如systematic study(系统研 究)。 orderly:侧重“整齐的、有秩序的”，可形容事物的排列或行为的规范性，如a1 orderly room。 同义替换： methodical,organized 例句： The research team conducted a systematic analysis of the data 高中选修3北师大版 【词义辨析精讲】 Unit 9:Human Biology Lesson 3 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修3单元练习） approach is necessary to solve this complex problem. A.systematic B.opposed C.visible (答案：A) 8.visible/'vIzabl/adj.看得见的 词义辨析： visible:指“肉眼可见的、明显的”，反义词是invisible,如visible changes(明显的变化)。 apparent:.侧重“表面上的、显而易见的”，可能并非事实本质，如apparent success(表面上的成 功)。 同义替换： perceptible,noticeable 例句： The damage to the building was visible even from a distance. 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修3阅读练习） The effect of the treatment was_ after two weeks. A.visible B.rare C.opposed (答案：A) 9.opposed /a'paozd/adj..与某事物相反；反对某事物，不赞成某事物 词义辨析： opposed:常用搭配be opposed to sth.,表示“反对、不赞成”，强调态度上的对立。 against:介词，指“反对、违背”，如fight against injustice,后接名词或动名词。 同义替换： against,resistant 例句： Many people are opposed to the construction of the new factory near the river 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修3单元测试） My parents are my decision to drop out of school. A.opposed to B.classified as C.posed by(答、：A) l0.actual/ektfual/adj.实际的，真实的 词义辨析： actual:强调“真实存在的、实际发生的”，区别于理论或想象，如actual results(实际结果)。 real:侧重“真实的、非虚构的”，与fke相对，如a real diamond(真钴石)。 同义替换： real,genuine 例句： The actual cost of the project was much higher than we expected. 4 高中选修3北师大版 【词议辨析精讲】 Unit 9:Human Biology Lesson 3 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修3同步练习） What's the time of the train's arrival? A.actual B.baseline C.parallel (答案：A) ll.steady/'sted/adj.稳定的；adv.steadily稳定地 词义辨析： steady(ad.):指“稳定的、持续的”，如steady progress（稳步进展)；steadily(adv.):强调动 作或状态的稳定性，如increase steadily（稳步增长)。 stable:侧重“稳固的、不易改变的”，如stable prices(稳定的价格)，多形容状态而非动作。 同义替换： stable,constant 例句： The company's profits have been increasing steadily over the past five years. 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修3单元练习） The population of the city is growing A.steadily B.officially C.rarely (答案：A) 12.outbreak/'aotbreik/n.(战争或疾病)爆发，突然发生 词义辨析： outbreak:指疾病、暴力等的突然爆发，常搭配of,如outbreak of war(战争爆发)。 epidemic:指大规模的传染病爆发，强调传播范围和影响程度，如flu epidemic(流感疫情)。 同义替换： eruption,outburst 例句： The government took quick action to control the outbreak of the disease 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修3阅读拓展） The recent of COVID-19 in the region has led to strict restrictions. A.outbreak B.variation C.sample（答案：A) 综合演练 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.The recent of the virus in the area has forced the government to take strict measures A.epidemic B.outbreak 5 高中选修3北师大版 【词议辨析精讲】 Unit 9:Human Biology Lesson 3 C.bacteria 2.Scientists that over 500 species of animals are in danger of extinction. A.guess B.estimate C.calculate 3.All books in this library are by subject,such as history,science,and literature. A.classified B.opposed C.posed 4.There is support for the new environmental policy among young people. A.common B.widespread C.visible 5.The heavy snowstorm a serious threat to road safety last night A.caused B.posed C.created 6.A investigation is needed to find out the root cause of the accident A.thorough B.complete C.actual 7.The team developed a plan to improve the company's sales performance A.systematic B.orderly C.visible 8.After months of treatment,the patient's improvement was finally A.apparent B.visible C.opposed 9.Many local residents are the construction of a new airport near their homes. A.against B.opposed to C.resistant 10.The cost of the project was much higher than the initial budget A.actual 6 高中选修3北师大版 【词议辨析精讲】 Unit 9:Human Biology Lesson 3 B.real C.genuine 二、根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.The sudden o of the disease caught the medical team off guard. 2.It's difficult to e the number of people affected by the flood. 3.The museum c artifacts into different periods to help visitors understand history better 4.W use of plastic bags has led to serious environmental pollution. 5.The new technology may pchallenges for traditional industries. 6.The teacher gave the students a t explanation of the math problem. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The research team conducted a (system)analysis of the experimental data. 2.The effect of the new policy has become (visibility)in recent months. 3.My parents are strongly(oppose)to my decision to study abroad alone. 4.The (actual)number of participants in the event was over 2,000. 5.The company's profits have been increasing. (steady)since last year 四、完成句子（每空一词） 1.医生估计这个病人需要至少两周才能康复。 Doctors that the patient will need at least two weeks to recover. 2.图书馆的书按主题分类，方便读者查找。 Books in the library areby subject for easy access. 3.这种疾病的爆发引起了全国范围内的关注。 The of the disease has caused nationwide concern. 4.新技术的广泛应用改变了人们的生活方式。 The use of new technology has changed people's lifestyles. > 高中选修3北师大版 【词议辨析精讲】 Unit 9:Human Biology Lesson 3 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Scientists have been studying the recent (epidemic/outbreak)of a new virus.They (estimate/guess)that over 10,000 people have been infected so far.To control its spread,the govern- ment has taken (systematic/orderly)measures,such as closing public places and encouraging social distancing.The virus has(posed/caused)a great threat to public health,but experts say the situation is (visible/under control)with timely actions.Doctors are working on a (thorough/complete)treatment plan,and they hope to see_ (actual/real)progress in the next few weeks. 参考答案 I.单项选择 1.A2B3.A4.B5.B6.A7.A8B9B10.A Ⅱ.首字母填空 1.outbreak 2.estimate 3.classifies 4.Widespread 5.pose 6.thorough ⅡL.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.systematic 2.visible 3.opposed 4.actual 5.steadily V.完成句子 1.estimate 2.classified 3.outbreak/epidemic 4.widespread V.语篇填空 1.outbreak 2.estimate 3.systematic 4.posed 5.under control 6.thorough 7.actual P